2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID最新文献

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Extracting information from tag collisions 从标签冲突中提取信息
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911198
R. Khasgiwale, Rohan U. Adyanthaya, D. Engels
{"title":"Extracting information from tag collisions","authors":"R. Khasgiwale, Rohan U. Adyanthaya, D. Engels","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911198","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop techniques to extract information from communication collisions involving passive UHF RFID tags. Our goal is to extract information that can enhance the performance of existing anti-collision protocols. Present RFID anti-collision protocols detect a collision at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer; however, the physical layer signal received during collisions is discarded. This signal contains valuable information, such as the number of tags communicating, that can be used in the anti-collision algorithms. Collecting and utilizing this currently discarded information would provide performance improvements to existing protocols and provide insights that can be used to guide the development of future protocols.We analyzed communication collisions from ISO 18000-6C compliant tags in their response to a Query command. Our techniques enabled us to reliably identify the exact number of tags in the collided slot for up to 4 tags communicating in that slot and the existence of at least 5 tags communicating in a slot with more than 4 tags communicating in that slot.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116539425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 67
Evaluation of ISO 18000-6C artifacts 评估ISO 18000-6C工件
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911204
Nikhil Ayer, D. Engels
{"title":"Evaluation of ISO 18000-6C artifacts","authors":"Nikhil Ayer, D. Engels","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911204","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an evaluation of the impact of several protocol parameters of the ISO 18000-6 Type-C protocol, also known as EPC Class-1 Generation-2 RFID protocol, on the performance of the RFID system. Specifically, we evaluate Tari, operating frequency, pulse width, and modulation index protocol parameters while utilizing a constant transmitted power. The experiments were designed to eliminate the effects of the tag's antenna design. All experiments were conducted in an anechoic chamber. The study shows that utilizing the slowest Tari with half duty cycle and the highest modulation index allows the reader to receive the maximum power from the tag resulting in longer reading distances. The fastest Tari with half duty cycle and highest modulation index has the fastest read rate. The tags respond with the Tari as small as 5μsec which provides a 5% read rate increase compared to the fastest Tari specified in the protocol.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optically transparent conductive polymer RFID meandering dipole antenna 光学透明导电聚合物RFID弯曲偶极子天线
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911205
N. Kirsch, N. Vacirca, Elizabeth Plowman, T. Kurzweg, A. Fontecchio, K. Dandekar
{"title":"Optically transparent conductive polymer RFID meandering dipole antenna","authors":"N. Kirsch, N. Vacirca, Elizabeth Plowman, T. Kurzweg, A. Fontecchio, K. Dandekar","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911205","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present optically transparent flexible conductive polymer antennas for radio frequency identification systems. The designs for these antennas are presented along with simulated and measured results of antenna radiating properties. These conductive polymer antennas are compared to antennas with the same design fabricated out of copper. Finally, we include an analysis of the optical transparency of the conductive polymer antennas.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132526949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 73
Measurement methods for power requirements of high performance UHF RFID tags 高性能超高频RFID标签功率要求的测量方法
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911181
Stefan Gruber, Hannes Reinisch, G. Hofer, W. Pribyl, G. Holweg
{"title":"Measurement methods for power requirements of high performance UHF RFID tags","authors":"Stefan Gruber, Hannes Reinisch, G. Hofer, W. Pribyl, G. Holweg","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911181","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity parameter is one of the most important parameters characterizing UHF RFID tags. This paper presents methods for measuring this parameter. It focuses on the use of non-expensive laboratory equipment. Nevertheless, the proposed methods provide accurate results. Losses and behavior of the setup are calculated and described in detail. Single-ended and differential structures are distinguished and handled separately. Since the antenna plays an important role, its behavior is also considered. Still, the measurement setup is contact based.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A real options approach to strategic RFID investment decision 战略RFID投资决策的实物期权方法
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911201
Xiaodan Wu, Dianmin Yue, Junbo Bai, Chao-Hsien Chu
{"title":"A real options approach to strategic RFID investment decision","authors":"Xiaodan Wu, Dianmin Yue, Junbo Bai, Chao-Hsien Chu","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911201","url":null,"abstract":"One major roadblock for RFID adoption is to justify its return on investment. Most researchers used cost/benefit analysis, discount cash flow, or net present value method to support the decision; however, these methods does not consider uncertainties and lack flexibility when valuate the investment in RFID. In this paper, we examine the uncertainties and risks associated with RFID investment and propose the use of real options approach to consider them. We demonstrate how can a real options method be used and suggest a process for making strategic RFID investment decision. The results were evidenced and supplemented with a sensitivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115499006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
An application dependent medium access protocol for active RFID using dynamic tuning of the back-off algorithm 一种应用相关的有源RFID介质访问协议,采用动态调谐的回退算法
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911186
B. Nilsson, L. Bengtsson, B. Svensson
{"title":"An application dependent medium access protocol for active RFID using dynamic tuning of the back-off algorithm","authors":"B. Nilsson, L. Bengtsson, B. Svensson","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911186","url":null,"abstract":"Active Radio Frequency Identification (A-RFID) is a technology where the tags (transponders) carry an on-board energy source for powering the radio, processor circuits, and sensors. Besides offering longer working distance between RFID-reader and tag than passive RFID, this also enables the tags to do sensor measurements, calculations and storage even when no RFID-reader is in the vicinity of the tags. In this paper we introduce a medium access data communication protocol which dynamically adjusts its back-off algorithm to best suit the actual active RFID application at hand. Based on a simulation study of the effect on tag energy cost, readout delay, and message throughput incurred by some typical back-off algorithms in a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance) A-RFID protocol, we conclude that by dynamic tuning of the initial contention window size and back-off interval coefficient, tag energy consumption and read-out delay can be significantly lowered. We also present specific guidelines on how parameters should be selected under various application constraints (viz. maximum readout delay; and the number of tags passing).","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128676222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Towards tag antenna based sensing - An RFID displacement sensor 基于标签天线的传感- RFID位移传感器
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911195
R. Bhattacharyya, C. Floerkemeier, S. Sarma
{"title":"Towards tag antenna based sensing - An RFID displacement sensor","authors":"R. Bhattacharyya, C. Floerkemeier, S. Sarma","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911195","url":null,"abstract":"Displacements can be used as indicators of structural health and are measured by commercially available sensors that need to be accurate and cost effective. In this paper, we examine a technique to utilize a UHF RFID tag antenna as a displacement sensor by mapping structural deformation to a change in RFID tag characteristics. We evaluate how changes in two different parameters, a) tag backscatter power and b) minimum reader transmit power required for RFID chip activation, can be mapped to structural deformation. The theoretical principles of sensor development are first discussed followed by a presentation of the results of experimentation. It is demonstrated that the sensor is sensitive to displacements for a dynamic range of 40 mm.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127637451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
How to detect cloned tags in a reliable way from incomplete RFID traces 如何从不完整的RFID痕迹中可靠地检测克隆标签
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911190
Mikko Lehtonen, F. Michahelles, E. Fleisch
{"title":"How to detect cloned tags in a reliable way from incomplete RFID traces","authors":"Mikko Lehtonen, F. Michahelles, E. Fleisch","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911190","url":null,"abstract":"Cloning of RFID tags may lead to considerable financial losses and worse reputation in many commercial applications, while being attractive for adversaries. One way to address tag cloning is to use the visibility that RFID traces provide to detect cloned tags as soon as they enter the system. However, RFID traces always represent historic events without giving certainty where the traced objects currently really are. Furthermore, imperfect read rates can lead to missing reads. As a result, the visibility is not always perfect, which makes detection of cloned tags harder and less reliable. This paper presents a series of probabilistic techniques to enable reliable detection of cloned tags in cases where the visibility is incomplete. Our hypothesis is that the events generated by cloned tags cause rare or abnormal events that can be detected when the process that generates the legitimate events is understood. The presented techniques are studied in a comprehensive simulation study of a real-world pharmaceutical supply chain. Our findings suggest that reliable detection of cloned tags is possible if missing reads are addressed and the supply chain is precisely modeled.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133041998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
On the measurement of the delta Radar Cross Section (ΔRCS) for UHF tags 关于UHF标签的delta雷达截面的测量(ΔRCS)
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911176
S. Skali, C. Chantepy, S. Tedjini
{"title":"On the measurement of the delta Radar Cross Section (ΔRCS) for UHF tags","authors":"S. Skali, C. Chantepy, S. Tedjini","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for the practical measurement of the variation of the Radar Cross Section for the RFID UHF tags. This is a very critical parameter, and will govern the tag performance. It also influences both the reading distance as well as the sensitivity of UHF tag. The paper includes the analysis procedure and the experimental setup. The later is based on standard equipments such as an anechoic environment, a vector signal generator and a vector signal analyzer. The application of the proposed method is illustrated on some samples of EPC GEN2 UHF Tag. The delta RCS is obtained as a function of the reader power.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133919424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Separation of multiple passive RFID signals using Software Defined Radio 使用软件定义无线电分离多个无源RFID信号
2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1109/RFID.2009.4911203
Dawei Shen, G. Woo, D. Reed, A. Lippman, Junyu Wang
{"title":"Separation of multiple passive RFID signals using Software Defined Radio","authors":"Dawei Shen, G. Woo, D. Reed, A. Lippman, Junyu Wang","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2009.4911203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2009.4911203","url":null,"abstract":"We present a practical design of an RFID reader that is capable of reading multiple passive tags through joint decoding. The reader is implemented and analyzed using the GNU Software Defined Radio system. We use low frequency (LF) 125kHz commodity MIT ID cards in the experiment, and discuss extensions to decoding high frequency (HF) tags. This design reconsiders opportunities available in the lower layers of RFID design. Physical layer communication is analyzed rigorously and a complete system design is introduced as a result. We demonstrate this by exploring the differences in amplitudes and phase offsets among signal components, multiple tags can be separated and efficiently decoded using joint decoding. System performance is analyzed with both implementation and simulation. Based on these results, we summarize opportunities for improving industrial auto-collision algorithms with multiple-tag decoding capability.","PeriodicalId":417077,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132024886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
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