Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology最新文献

{"title":"High-risk human papillomavirus screening and testing with immunohistochemical surrogate biomarkers: an alternative to polymerase chain reaction","authors":"L. V. van Bogaert","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441188","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuolisation and ballooning of cervical squamous cells, presently known as koilocytosis, was first described in 1957 by FW Stewart, who defined it as “warty atypia” (a hint towards a possible viral link). The presence of viral particles in the nuclei of epithelial cells of condylomata was first documented electron microscopically by AEG Dunn and NM Ogilvie in 1968. Similarities between condylomata and cervical precancerous lesions led to the hypothesis that the papovavirus causing condylomata may be a contributory factor in cervical carcinogenesis. This hypothesis was confirmed in 1978 by Laverty et al, with the electron microscopic identification of viral particles consistent with a papillomavirus, in a preinvasive lesion in an immunosuppressed woman.1","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"30 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"35th National Congress of the South African Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441191","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer incidence in Africa in 2008 was equivalent to the incidence in Scandinavian countries prior to the implementation of cytology based screening programmes in the early part of the 20th century. With the introduction of cytology based programmes the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer fell substantially and today, in well organised screening programmes that function optimally, cervical cancer is a rare disease. SubSaharan Africa has faced many challenges in the past 300 years, not the least being the long term impact of colonialism, systemically racist governments and then post liberation, the legacies of poor governance, lack of financial, human and many other resources. Because cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease, coupled with an awareness that cytology based programmes are hard to initiate, implement or sustain, a concerted effort to find alternative screening tools and approaches has been attempted in the past 15 years. These studies have evaluated a range of alternative screening tests, including visual inspection methods which have involved thousands of women in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These studies have consistently shown the much greater sensitivity of molecular testing with Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing compared to cytology, but with a lower positive predictive value and specificity. However, the near 100% negative predictive value makes it an ideal test for settings where women will be screened, if at all, only once or twice in a lifetime. The most critical factor in setting up secondary prevention for cervical cancer is the creation of an appropriate infrastructure and to provide adequate resources for the programme to function. Primary prevention of cervical cancer through HPV vaccination offers a whole new approach and opportunity to prevent cervical cancer by preventing infection with high risk types of HPV, known to be aetiologically associated with cervical cancer. However, implementing HPV vaccination is a relatively complex process in countries that lack immunisation programmes for adolescent/pubescent children. Vaccination though has proved to be a very successful public health intervention and with the pressure of the Millennium Development Goals, population coverage with other types of vaccines has improved significantly in developing countries, reaching over 90% in many areas. Can cervical cancer be prevented in Africa? Yes it can, but whether resources will be allocated to these programmes will ultimately be decided by those in control of resources (usually politicians). A commitment and realisation from the governments of Africa that investing in the health of their women is cost-effective, reduces poverty, and uplifts the growth of nations at all levels. The MDGs have made women’s health a priority. Cervical cancer fits into this paradigm.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting future requirements in gynaecological oncology subspecialty training","authors":"L. Snyman","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441193","url":null,"abstract":"Subspecialty training in gynaecological oncology in South Africa is a very young venture in the discipline of gynaecology. In 2008, the first candidate fulfilled the requirements for the College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of South Africa’s subspecialty certificate in Gynaecological Oncology. As a subspecialty, gynaecological oncology adds significant value to the management and care of women who are diagnosed with gynaecological cancer, and enhances survival and treatment outcome. 1 Therefore, there is no doubt that it is judicious to train gynaecological oncologists in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"48 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous thrombosis in the patient with cancer","authors":"P. Wessels","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relationship between cancer and thrombosis has been known for many years. Thrombotic risk is increased in the patient with cancer, and the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism at the time that a malignancy presents influences patient outcome. Risk evaluation, prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism are practical issues that face doctors who are dealing with these patients.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"50 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, awareness and utilisation of the human papillomavirus vaccine in Durban","authors":"N. Allie, M. Moodley","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancers, low-grade cervical lesions, and warts of the genital tract. Since March 2008, a vaccine against HPV has been licensed for use in South Africa to reduce the incidence of HPV. The rationale for undertaking this research project was to establish the knowledge, awareness, and utilisation, of the HPV vaccine, among different healthcare workers. Method: Healthcare providers (100 general practitioners, 50 gynaecologists, 50 paediatricians, 50 medical staff and 50 nurses) working in the private sector, in the Ethekweni health district in KwaZulu-Natal, were interviewed. Comparisons of awareness among subgroups of healthcare providers were analysed. Associations between awareness and other factors were tested using a chi-square test. Results: Awareness of the vaccine was found to be 89% among healthcare workers,while 70.4% of practitioners informed patients of the availability of the HPV vaccine. Most practitioners (77.9%) have only prescribed the vaccine less than ten times. Gardasil® was prescribed by 46% of healthcare workers. In general, practitioners were unaware that Gardasil® could be prescribed to males (62.9%). Conclusion: Healthcare workers were aware of the HPV vaccine, and prescribed it on request. However, even though practitioners were aware of it, most prescribed it less than 10 times since it was licensed. Knowledge regarding the vaccine is deficient, as practitioners are unaware of its licensed use.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"37 1","pages":"10 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonic metastasis from carcinoma cervix: an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction","authors":"S. Prem, S. Gangothri, V. Parthasarathy, K. S. Reddy, D. Basu","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intestinal obstruction is a rare complication after pelvic radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix. Metastasis from carcinoma of the uterine cervix to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who was treated by concurrent chemo-radiation for stage II B carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Five years later, she presented with acute intestinal obstruction. A laparotomy revealed a metastatic growth in the transverse colon, which was resected. The colon is an unusual site for metastasis from carcinoma cervix, and it has to be differentiated from a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon. Resection of the metastatic lesion may help palliate acute intestinal obstruction, and possibly prevent a perforation, which can rapidly become fatal.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"34 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian endometriosis as a premalignant condition: epidemiological, histological and molecular evidence","authors":"G. Dreyer","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endometriosis is a common monoclonal benign proliferative disorder that may give rise to pelvic malignancy. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is responsible for a large proportion of gynaecological cancer-associated deaths. Early diagnosis is difficult and screening is generally unsuccessful. Knowledge of the risk factors for the development of endometriosis and progression to malignancy may assist in identifying women at risk of developing endometriosis-related neoplasia. The associations between infertility, endometriosis and the development of cancer are reviewed in this article. Proliferative growth, metaplasia, hyperplasia and atypia are identified as proliferative disorders in endometriosis and atypia is considered a premalignant lesion. Several endometriosis-related pelvic malignancies have been described, and these all develop from the multipotent Mullerian cell differentiating into epithelial and/or stromal components. The probable histological type depends on the site of the endometriotic lesion and the population group. Cytogenetic and specific gene alterations that are involved in the carcinogenetic process are described briefly and these may help to predict risk of malignancy or to confirm histological subtype. The importance of endometriosis as a precursor of ovarian and related malignancies was probably seriously underestimated in the past. Advances in molecular testing, histology and our understanding of oncogenesis may empower us to help prevent these devastating diseases.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"22 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About this issue...","authors":"G. Dreyer","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"5 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary","authors":"V. Fotedar, M. Gupta, R. Seam, A. Tiwari","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sclerosing stromal tumours (SSTs) are rare, benign, sex cord stromal tumours of the ovary. They affect women, who complain mainly of menstrual irregularity, in their second and third decades. We report a histologically confirmed case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and irregular menstruation. She later underwent surgery when a pre-pathology workup raised the suspicion of a malignant tumour. It is imperative to consider the differential diagnosis of an SST of the ovary in a young woman with an ovarian tumour.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"66 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral serous papillary cystadenofibroma of the ovaries in a young female","authors":"M. Nisha, A. Garima, S. Sneh, R. Parveen","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441199","url":null,"abstract":"Serous tumours comprise one fourth of all ovarian tumours. Most occur in adults. We present a case of a 24-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian masses which appeared to be malignant on imaging and perioperatively. However, microscopy revealed benign serous cystadenofibromas of the ovaries. This case signifies the importance of microscopy in neoplasms that masquerade as malignant on imaging, perioperatively and grossly. \u0000 \u0000Serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary is a relatively rare benign tumour of the ovary. 1 We present a case of bilateral ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibromas in a young female.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"69 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}