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10.18559/ebr.2021.4.1 10.18559 / ebr.2021.4.1
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2021.4.1
M. Pilc, Konrad Sobański
{"title":"10.18559/ebr.2021.4.1","authors":"M. Pilc, Konrad Sobański","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78810863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficiency of services in CEE countries—case study of Poland and Belarus 中东欧国家的服务效率-波兰和白俄罗斯的案例研究
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.7
Elżbieta Skąpska, Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
{"title":"Efficiency of services in CEE countries—case study of Poland and Belarus","authors":"Elżbieta Skąpska, Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the paper is to identify determinants of the efficiency of service companies from two Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries4—Poland and Belarus. These transition economies represent different economic and systemic conditions. That is why it is worth analyzing whether external conditions determine internal efficiency factors in service companies. In order to achieve that aim quantitative research was conducted among 305 Polish and Belarusian service enterprises. The research results presented significant differences in responses between the two countries. For Polish enterprises the main determinants of efficiency were above all connected with competent and skilled staff. Belarussian companies regarded as efficiency factors which determine the demand level by means of access toward foreign markets and possibilities of internationalization. It proves that CEECs are not homogeneous and they represent different levels of economic development as well as the different conditions of running a business.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85097085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality and politics in Brazil: Bolsa Familia and beyond 巴西的不平等与政治:家庭津贴及其他
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.2
L. Dowbor
{"title":"Inequality and politics in Brazil: Bolsa Familia and beyond","authors":"L. Dowbor","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Bolsa Familia program of money transfers to the roughly 50 million poor at the bottom of the pyramid is internationally known but its success was grounded in a much wider set of 149 programs constituting an integrated and inter-sector policy. With inequality presently soaring not only in Brazil but throughout the world the aim of this paper is to understand how inclusive and sustainable policies can work both for society and the economy and assess their performance in Brazil as an illustration of institutional change as a key approach. Equally essential is understanding the power of the global financial interests which generated the drama of 1 percent having more wealth than the other 99 percent. Both mechanisms, of inclusion and exclusion, are analyzed here, on the basis of the Brazilian experience.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76633040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Searching for similarities in EU corporate income taxes for their harmonization 寻找欧盟企业所得税的相似之处以实现其协调
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.5
Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska, A. Siwiec
{"title":"Searching for similarities in EU corporate income taxes for their harmonization","authors":"Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska, A. Siwiec","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether, despite the differentiation of the corporate income tax in the European Union, there are similarity patterns allowing for the harmonization of the bases of this tax. The analysed CIT static data both quantitative and qualitative concerns the years 2018 and 2020. The method of hierarchical cluster analysis allowed a grouping of EU countries according to their similarities. It also indicated the greatest tax differences between EU member states. In turn the affinity analysis made it possible to distinguish groups of countries which are similar in terms of CIT with the simultaneous identification of a pattern. Results show that despite significant differences in tax rates some EU states show convergence in tax bases. The geographical criterion still plays an important role in determining CIT structure and tax incentives are one of the tools that may be used in the approximation of the bases.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82131368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Income gaps: Education and inequality 收入差距:教育和不平等
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.3
Julia Leone, Jorge Lo Cascio
{"title":"Income gaps: Education and inequality","authors":"Julia Leone, Jorge Lo Cascio","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the employment-related real income gaps according to the education level reached by the working population during the 1997–2017 period. Using a panel methodology (pseudo-cohorts) it sums up that throughout recession, employment-related real income gaps by education level are wider, amplifying income inequality. During the economic boom the narrowing of the gap was due to the weak growth in skilled employment that did not manage to recover the pre-crisis values. This phenomenon is typical of a labour market structure with less skilled employment demand than its increasing supply. The employment-related difference in reduction of the real income gaps is exclusively reflected by a decline in employees from the highest education segment. The whole of tertiary education although with less intensity, replicates its trend. Not only educational credentials increase future employment-related income but also starting then not completing a university degree provides a significant disparity. Gender control shows a sharp drop in its determination.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
What determines the scale of state ownership in enterprises? Some evidence from post-socialist countries 是什么决定了企业的国有制规模?一些来自后社会主义国家的证据
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.6
P. Matuszak
{"title":"What determines the scale of state ownership in enterprises? Some evidence from post-socialist countries","authors":"P. Matuszak","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract State-owned enterprises still play an important role in many countries around the world. The aim of this research is to indicate which factors had a significant impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises in the group of twenty eight post-socialist countries. The large scale privatisation indicator from the EBRD and the novel microlevel-based SOE measure were regressed on sets of cultural, political, economic and control variables. The results show that cultural factors—represented by the dominant religion—had a substantial impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises while the role of political and economic factors was less pronounced. These results emphasise the importance of cultural factors in shaping the scale of state ownership in enterprises. This study contributes to the literature by analysing factors influencing the scale of state ownership in enterprises in contemporary economic conditions which has been missing until now.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77443988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Financial cooperation initiatives in Latin America: Conditions of origins, subsistence and eventual vanishing 拉丁美洲的金融合作倡议:起源、生存和最终消失的条件
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.4.4
E. Alves, AndreÌ Biancarelli
{"title":"Financial cooperation initiatives in Latin America: Conditions of origins, subsistence and eventual vanishing","authors":"E. Alves, AndreÌ Biancarelli","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Why do countries engage in Regional Financial Cooperation (RFC) initiatives and why they may give up on them? Under which conditions are those mechanisms born and how may changes affect their performance? Although comparative studies have been a prolific strategy to investigate RFC the focus on the experiences of a specific region may reveal new insights. Therefore the aim of this paper is to map the existing RFC mechanisms in Latin America, seeking to identify the demand, supply and conjectural conditions behind the processes of their creation and evolution. The theoretical framework provides concepts from International Relations’ theories concerning regional institution building. Empirically fourteen Latin American RFC initiatives are surveyed. As a result important variables explaining RFC mechanisms in Latin America are presented in the paper: demand for greater participation (sense of belonging), material and political capacity from a paymaster and macroeconomic coordination.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75169235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Growth-maximizing public debt in Turkey: An empirical investigation 增长最大化的土耳其公共债务:一项实证调查
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.3.4
G. Bulus
{"title":"Growth-maximizing public debt in Turkey: An empirical investigation","authors":"G. Bulus","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the paper is to empirically estimate the growth-maximizing debt-to-GDP ratio in the case of Turkey. To calculate the growth-maximizing debt-to-GDP ratio FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimators are used for the period from 1960–2013. According to the empirical findings the growth-maximizing debt-to-GDP ratio varies between 34.3% and 38.7%. Based on a comparison of these ratios to current data (29.1% for 2018), Turkey has the capacity for additional borrowing to achieve a growth-maximizing debt-to-GDP ratio. If this additional borrowing capacity is used for public investment with a return greater than the interest cost of the additional debt economic growth will be maximized and public debt sustainability supported.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84589894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The effect of board of directors characteristics on risk and bank performance: Evidence from Turkey 董事会特征对风险和银行绩效的影响:来自土耳其的证据
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.3.5
Berna Doğan, I. Eksi
{"title":"The effect of board of directors characteristics on risk and bank performance: Evidence from Turkey","authors":"Berna Doğan, I. Eksi","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A bank, particularly in developing countries like Turkey, is one of the most important institutions in the financial sector. Therefore knowing the factors affecting the performance of banks is important for the development of the sector. One of the factors affecting the risk and profitability of banking sector is the internal factors of the banks. The aim of this paper is to investigate the board of directors’ characteristics and its effect on risk level measured by non-performing loans and on bank performance measured by asset profitability using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. Data from nineteen deposit banks for the period 2012–2018 were used. The result of the study determined that the board size, foreign board members and the independent board members have an effect on both non-performing loans and the return on assets.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81907783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Importance and motives of preferential trade agreements in the EU’s external trade 优惠贸易协定在欧盟对外贸易中的重要性和动机
IF 0.7
Economics and Business Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.3.1
E. Kawecka-Wyrzykowska
{"title":"Importance and motives of preferential trade agreements in the EU’s external trade","authors":"E. Kawecka-Wyrzykowska","doi":"10.18559/ebr.2020.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2020.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a result of previous multilateral negotiations tariff rates are generally low and cannot explain the reasons for recent proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The aim of the paper is to look for other motivations of EU PTAs and to assess their importance for the EU. The main research methods are statistical, review and assessment of WTO documents and critical analysis of literature. First, the present level of tariff protection on selected import markets was estimated. This level illustrates the scale of countries’ interest in their elimination of the existing tariffs. Also the share of preferential imports in the EU extra-trade was calculated and compared with trade on MFN basis. Next, reasons for PTAs were identified. The conclusions prove that 21st century PTAs are mainly motivated not by a reduction of tariffs but by the willingness to reduce the regulatory barriers (contained in rules on public procurement, environmental protection, etc.). The most dynamic trade nowadays involves flows of accessories and services. In this situation the importance of PTAs results from the fact that they serve as instruments eliminating national regulatory barriers faced by exporters of goods and resources on foreign markets. Thus PTAs support production and sales abroad. In the EU political motivations of PTAs are important as well.","PeriodicalId":41557,"journal":{"name":"Economics and Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72481469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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