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Residential Consumption of Gas and Electricity in the US: The Role of Prices and Income 美国居民天然气和电力消费:价格和收入的作用
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-02-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1754471
A. Alberini, Will Gans, Daniel Velez-lopez
{"title":"Residential Consumption of Gas and Electricity in the US: The Role of Prices and Income","authors":"A. Alberini, Will Gans, Daniel Velez-lopez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1754471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1754471","url":null,"abstract":"We study residential demand for electricity and gas, working with nationwide household-level data that cover recent years, namely 1997-2007. Our dataset is a mixed panel/multi-year cross-sections of dwellings/households in the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the United States as of 2008. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive set of data for examining household residential energy usage at the national level, containing the broadest geographical coverage, and with the longest longitudinal component (up to 6 observations per dwelling). We estimate static and dynamic models of electricity and gas demand. We find strong household response to energy prices, both in the short and long term. From the static models, we get estimates of the own price elasticity of electricity demand in the -0.860 to -0.667 range, while the own price elasticity of gas demand is -0.693 to -0.566. These results are robust to a variety of checks. Contrary to earlier literature (Metcalf and Hassett, 1999; Reiss and White, 2005), we find no evidence of significantly different elasticities across households with electric and gas heat. The price elasticity of electricity demand declines with income, but the magnitude of this effect is small. These results are in sharp contrast to much of the literature on residential energy consumption in the United States, and with the figures used in current government agency practice. Our results suggest that there might be greater potential for policies which affect energy price than may have been previously appreciated.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
The Impact of Protest Responses in Choice Experiments 选择实验中抗议反应的影响
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-11-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1709896
M. Barrio, M. Loureiro
{"title":"The Impact of Protest Responses in Choice Experiments","authors":"M. Barrio, M. Loureiro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1709896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1709896","url":null,"abstract":"Not much attention has been given to protest responses in choice experiments (CE). Using follow-up statements, we are able to identify protest responses and compute welfare estimates with and without the inclusion of such protest responses. We conclude that protest responses are fairly common in CE, and their analysis affects the statistical performance of the empirical models. In particular, when the sample is corrected by protests, our results come from utility consistent models. Thus, future choice experiments should consider the role of protest responses as contingent valuation studies have done.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116302217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 发展中国家的生物多样性评估:以小岛屿发展中国家为重点
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-10-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1688302
S. Teelucksingh, P. Nunes
{"title":"Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)","authors":"S. Teelucksingh, P. Nunes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1688302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1688302","url":null,"abstract":"The Millennium Development Goals explicitly recognise “sustainable development” as a target. A step towards this is a greater understanding of the significant role of biodiversity in rural communities of developing countries who depend most on the ecosystem goods and services and who as a result may suffer most from its continued degradation. Understanding the input of biodiversity in developing countries to the provision of the ecosystem goods and services (EGS) that are essential to their human well-being is seen as a significant first step in sustainable development, and environmental valuation is a necessary tool for achieving this objective. However, valuing biodiversity in a developing country context can be an intricate affair. While economic valuation literature yields a range of tried and tested methodological techniques for measuring biodiversity, the question remains as to whether these generalised techniques are capable of revealing the complexities of local environmental use in developing countries. A heterogeneous group, “developing countries” can be characterised by a range of factors existing in different intensities that can (1) impact the ways in which local communities interact with their environmental resources (2) impact the efficacy of the methodological and data collection process (3) impact the values obtained from the application of valuation techniques and (4) impact the implementation, success and sustainability of policy and management prescriptions. This paper attempts to address these issues by discussing the main characteristics of developing countries that can impact the biodiversity valuation process and, with specific reference to Small Island Developing States (SIDS), discussing how knowledge of these characteristics can assist the valuation process to better reveal the complex interaction between biodiversity and human welfare in a developing country context.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
The Benefits of Contaminated Site Cleanup Revisited: The Case of Naples and Caserta, Italy 重新审视污染场地清理的好处:意大利那不勒斯和卡塞塔的案例
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-06-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1665005
A. Alberini, Milan Ščasný, Dennis Guignet, S. Tonin
{"title":"The Benefits of Contaminated Site Cleanup Revisited: The Case of Naples and Caserta, Italy","authors":"A. Alberini, Milan Ščasný, Dennis Guignet, S. Tonin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1665005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1665005","url":null,"abstract":"Guerriero and Cairns (2009) recently estimate that contaminated sites and improper waste management result in 848 excess deaths per year in the provinces of Naples and Caserta in Southern Italy, 403 of which are fatal cancers. In the absence of estimates of the Value of a Prevented Fatality (VPF) in Italy or specific to the hazardous waste context, they use figures recommended by DG-Environment. Contrary to their claims, estimates of the VPF are available for Italy that are specific to the hazardous waste context, and for causes of death that have been linked to contaminated site exposures. We review them in this paper. We also produce new estimates of the cancer VPF using data from a recent survey conducted in Milan, Italy, in late November to mid-December 2008. The evidence points to much higher VPF figures than the ones used by Guerriero and Cairns, and hence to much larger estimates of the reduced mortality benefits of remediating the hazardous waste in the Naples and Caserta areas. We also examine the importance of the discount rates, since the mortality benefits of remediation begin in 20 years and are assumed to continue over 30 years.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131769001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective 经济视角下的适应气候变化国际合作
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1625746
Kelly C. de Bruin, R. Dellink, R. Tol
{"title":"International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective","authors":"Kelly C. de Bruin, R. Dellink, R. Tol","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1625746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1625746","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic incentives of countries to cooperate on international adaptation financing. Adaptation is generally implicitly incorporated in the climate change damage functions as used in Integrated Assessment Models. We replace the implicit decision on adaptation with explicit adaptation in a multi-regional setting by using an adjusted RICE model. We show that making adaptation explicit will not affect the optimal mitigation path when adaptation is set at its optimal level. Sub-optimal adaptation will, however, change the optimal mitigation path. Furthermore this paper studies for different forms of cooperation what effects international adaptation transfers will have on (i) domestic adaptation and (ii) the optimal mitigation path. Adaptation transfers will fully crowd out domestic adaptation in a first best setting. Transfers will decrease overall mitigation in our numerical simulations. An analytical framework is used to analyse the most important mechanisms and a numerical model is used to assess the magnitude of effects.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Imperfections in the Economics of Public Policy, Imperfections in Markets, and Climate Change 公共政策经济学的不完善、市场的不完善和气候变化
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1516252
N. Stern
{"title":"Imperfections in the Economics of Public Policy, Imperfections in Markets, and Climate Change","authors":"N. Stern","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1516252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1516252","url":null,"abstract":"In the last twenty years economics has created much of lasting value and real potential: it has been a very fertile period. But economics has also suffered from what I shall term „collective amnesia? covering whole areas of public policy. And on policy and the role of government it has, embarrassingly in my view, swayed with the political winds to the detriment of both our profession and to outcomes. Both the amnesia and the political bending have contributed to the economic crisis of the last year or two and to hostility towards the profession. My purpose here is first to lament the amnesia on theories of public policy in imperfect economies, in short the subject of public economics, to describe the bending of public policy analysis to political vogue, and to indicate some of the consequences. I then describe some of the mechanics of the processes described, in terms of choice of models and patterns of teaching. Finally, I use the example of climate change to illustrate some of the consequences of the amnesia, as well as of the political influence.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Stationary Consistent Equilibrium Coalition Structures Constitute the Recursive Core 平稳一致均衡联盟结构构成递归核心
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-11-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1511584
L. Kóczy
{"title":"Stationary Consistent Equilibrium Coalition Structures Constitute the Recursive Core","authors":"L. Kóczy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1511584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1511584","url":null,"abstract":"We study coalitional games where the coalitional payoffs depend on the embedding coalition structure. We introduce a noncooperative, sequential coalition formation model and show that the set of equilibrium outcomes coincides with the recursive core, a generalisation of the core to such games. In order to extend past results limited to totally recursive-balanced partition function form games we introduce a more permissive perfectness concept, subgame-consistency that only requires perfectness in selected subgames. Due to the externalities, the profitability of deviations depends on the partition formed by the remaining players: the stability of core payoff configurations is ensured by a combination of the pessimism of players going for certain profits only and the assumption that players base their stationary strategies on a made-up history punishing some of the possible deviators—and getting this sometimes right.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Macroeconomic Implications of Demography for the Environment: A Life-Cycle Perspective 人口对环境的宏观经济影响:生命周期视角
FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-01-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1334120
X. Pautrel
{"title":"Macroeconomic Implications of Demography for the Environment: A Life-Cycle Perspective","authors":"X. Pautrel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1334120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1334120","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies how demography affects the outcome of the environmental policy in a macro-economic perspective, incorporating age-earning profiles in an OLG model a la Blanchard (1985) to capture the age structure effect of the demographic shocks. It first demonstrates, conversely to previous works of the related literature that a decrease in the birth rate may lower the steady-state per capita stock of physical capital even if the aggregate labor supply is exogenous. It also demonstrates that the ageing of population influences the macro-economic impact of the environmental policy according to the cause of the ageing and the life-cycle earnings assumption. Thus, with decreasing age-earning profiles, a lower birth rate reduces the detrimental impact of the environmental policy on the steady-state per capita stock of physical capital for low values of this birth rate, while a reduction of the mortality rate reinforces the negative outcome of the environmental policy. When earnings profiles are independent of age, ageing always strengthens the negative impact of the environmental policy.","PeriodicalId":415452,"journal":{"name":"FEEM: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 94
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