{"title":"Quantum Theory at Planck Scale, Dynamical Cosmological Term and Deformed Gravity","authors":"A. Shalyt-Margolin","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20110101.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20110101.01","url":null,"abstract":"The dark energy problem is analyzed from the viewpoint of the time-varying cosmological term. It is demonstrated that, at least within the scope of the holographic principle, an experimental value of the vacuum energy density may be derived and may be tested quite well with a new small parameter arising in a quantum theory with the fundamental length on the order of Planck’s length. Besides, within a theory proclaiming the existence of such fundamental length a high-energy deformation of the General Relativity for the space with horizon has been constructed. The obtained results have been applied to solving of the dark energy problem, making it possible to frame the following hypothesis: a dynamic cosmological term is a measure of deviation from a thermodynamic identity (the first law of thermodynamics) of the high-energy (Planck’s) deformation of Einstein equations for horizon spaces in their thermodynamic interpretation.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics and Synchronization of Dual Phase","authors":"Y. Zayko","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents dynamics of dual phase, which is connected with dual character of dions - hypothetical particles possessing both electrical and magnetic charges. For description of dual phase the set of equations is received from condition that Maxwell equations conserve their electrical character under dual transformations, what corresponds to effec- tive electrical charge of dion. The mechanism of dual phase synchronization in different parts of space is revealed. It is shown, that solutions of Maxwell equations for spherical waves with zero orbital moment momentum correspond to monopole ra- diation of dion. Goldstone character of dual phase so as its geometrical character is shown. This article supplements previous investigations of G. Rainich(1) and J. Wheeler and C. Misner(2, 3). Results of this article can explain many-years failures in searching magnetic charges (monopoles).","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121862618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hidden Optimal Principle in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Chemistry","authors":"Edward Jiménez","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.01","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Mechanic axio ms are the result of the microscopic cooperative equilibriu m among sym metric p layers (quantum object and human subject). On the other hand, we introduce Nash's equilibriu m in Hilbert space, which has two characteristics: it is a fixed point and it maximizes a utility function. Moreover, evolution and selfadjoint operators have interesting properties which allow us to study steady state in Evolutionary Game Theory. Also, we present cooperative games in co mplex systems language.The concept of cooperation is important in game theory but is somewhat subtle. The term cooperate means \"to act together, with a common purpose\". Incentive compatibility is equivalent to synergy principle, which appears naturally (to add or to multiply utilit ies, ec(34)). Finally, wein the relevant results not only proved the main theorems of Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Chemistry and its applications to salt-water but also we resolved some main questions such us: Do hydrogen-bonded networks, in which tunneling plays an important role, exist?, Ho w cooperation and entropy affect water cluster equilibria?. Can salt (ClNa) p lay an Nobel role in photo-catalysis?. The answers are: tunnel effect it is possible in salt water but not in water, because ClNa, visib le light or electricity incentive to produce catalysis or photo-catalysis. Also, If hydrogen-bonded networks and water cluster size increases complexity of an global equilibriu m, then tunnel effect appears as an local equilibriu m.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Meaning of Mass","authors":"A. Annila","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.03","url":null,"abstract":"Electron, proton and neutron are described in terms of energy densities on least-action paths to show that their charges, magnetic mo ments and masses are man ifestations of quantized geodesics. According to this geometric under- standing of matter, the mass of a part icle depends on how much the particle-associated curved path projects onto the straight paths of the universal surrounding energy density. The reference density of free space is embodied by the most elementary actions, the photons in propagation on their least-time paths. The vacuum density with rando m distribution of photon phases displays no electromagnetic field, yet the propagation of its force carriers will level off density differences. This manifests itself as gravitation. Transformations fro m one particle to another, for examp le oscillations , are described according to Noether's theorem as changes from one action to another. This physical portrayal of quantized nature, where every entity comprises mu ltip les of the most elementary action, parallels the atomistic tenet.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128465716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bakari Hamza, E. Massawe, C. W. Mahera, O. Makinde
{"title":"On Thermal Stability Analysis for a Reacting Slab","authors":"Bakari Hamza, E. Massawe, C. W. Mahera, O. Makinde","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.06","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, thermal stability analysis of the steady state exothermic chemical reaction in a slab of com- bustible material is investigated in the present of convective heat loss to the ambient. The nonlinear d ifferential equations governing the system are obtained and solved using perturbation technique together with a special type of Hermite-Pade series summation and improvement method. The effects of various embedded parameters on the temperature pro file and thermal stability of the system are p resented graphically and discussed quantitatively. The possibility of thermal runaway phenomena was shown and the corresponding thermal criticality values were obtained and illustrated on a bifurcation dia- gram. The results reveal the thermal stability crit icality as well as the effects of various embedded parameters on the system.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125398672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluctuations of the Metric Tensor: On Fermion Propagators and on the Cosmological Constant","authors":"A. Blin","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal fluctuations of the metric tensor are considered. They give rise to a Planck scale size lower bound of the proper length. Infinit ies arising fro m the point-like character of particles are thus avoided, expressions related to fermion propagators are finite without the need to renormalize or regularize. The quark condensate, constituent quark mass, pion mass, and pion weak decay constant are calculated within the SU(2) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The nu merical values are con- sistent with known strong interaction physics if one assumes very small values of the current quark mass and effective coupling constant. The usual values of these quantities in hadron phenomenology can be interpreted as resulting fro m dressing of the very s mall bare quantities with the fluctuations. With respect to the cosmological constant it is shown that a cosmological constant term, wh ich may initially exist in the gravitational action, is \"masked\" by the fluctuations of the metric, i.e., it does not appear in the final Einstein equation. Instead, the fluctuations give rise to a cosmological constant themselves.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129544213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Arash Ghoreishi, M. Sarbishaei, Kourosh Javidan
{"title":"Entanglement between Two Tavis-Cummings Systems with N=2","authors":"Seyed Arash Ghoreishi, M. Sarbishaei, Kourosh Javidan","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120206.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120206.03","url":null,"abstract":"We consider two non interacting two-atoms Tavis -Cummings systems and examine the entanglement among four two-state atoms. For our purpose, we assume that one atom fro m each system are entangled init ially and we obtain time-dependent concurrence among atoms. There are six pairwise concurrences among atoms and in this paper, we focus on remote atoms . We show that initially non-entangled atoms 2 A and 2 B becomes entangled by passing time, the process","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127397825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer on the Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow Past a Vertical Plate","authors":"Abah S.O, Eletta B.E, Omale S.O","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120203.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120203.02","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical analysis has been carried out to study the effect of the free convective heat and mass transfer on the unsteady boundary layer flow past a vertical plate. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been reduced to systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the similarity transformations. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using sixth order Runge-Kutta the shooting technique. The effects of the Concentration Grashof number GC, Thermal Grashof number GT, Prandtl number Pr and Schmidt number Sc are examined on the velocity, tem- perature and concentration profiles. Numerical data for the skin-friction coefficients, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been tabulated for various parametric conditions and are also shown graphically and discussed.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127809266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Wazir, M. Fakhar-e-Alam, W. Syed, S. A. Khan, M. Amer
{"title":"Study of Centrality with New Method in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at 4.2 A Gev/C","authors":"Z. Wazir, M. Fakhar-e-Alam, W. Syed, S. A. Khan, M. Amer","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120203.03","url":null,"abstract":"We used a method based on Random Matrix Theory to analysis the simulation data on 12 CC collisions at 4.2 A GeV/c generated from ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics code1.3.The results are associated with the onset of region of central collisions by observed changes in the nearest-neighbor momentum spacing distributions for different sec- ondary particles multiplicities.","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115433783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Microscopic Free Energies of Solvation for K + , Rb + and Cs + in Mixed Methanol (MeOH)-Dimethylformamide (DMFA) Solvents at 298.15 K","authors":"E. Gomaa","doi":"10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120202.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJTMP.20120202.01","url":null,"abstract":"The microscopic charging (∆ Gt charging), ion-dipole (∆ Gt ion-dipole) and ion-induced dipole (∆ Gt ion- induced dipole) free energies of transfer for some ions from methanol to mixed methanol (MeOH)-dimethylformamide (DMFA) solvents were calculated. These ions are potassium, rubidium and cesium. These theoretical free energies were compared with that of experimental values and the difference excess free energies of solvation were discussed. I t was ob- served that the excess free energies for all ions are positive and follow the following order: ∆ GT (excess) K + > ∆ GT (excess) Rb + > ∆ GT (excess) Cs + . Indicating more solvation behaviour by increasing the percentage of DMFA in the mixed solvents due to more attraction of these ions in the range rich in DMFA","PeriodicalId":415446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}