Advance in Earth Sciences最新文献_第4页

美国国家生态观测站网络(NEON)——概念、设计和进展美国国家生态观测站网络(NEON)——概念、设计和进展

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-05-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0578

赵士洞

{"title":"美国国家生态观测站网络(NEON)——概念、设计和进展","authors":"赵士洞","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0578","url":null,"abstract":"美国国家生态观测站网络(NEON)是一个以研究区域至大陆尺度重要环境问题的国家网络,它是由美国国家科学基金会(NSF)于2000年提出建立的。NEON的目标是通过网络式的观测、试验、研究和综合分析,阐明环境变化的成因和后果,预测环境变化的趋势并提出相应的对策。它是一个由17个区域网络组成的国家生态学研究和环境教育平台。该网络的建成,将为促进生态学的发展、人才培养以及保障美国的生物和生态安全发挥重要作用。由美国国家科学院国家研究委员会的地球与生命研究部任命的专家委员会于2003—2004年对NEON的原设计和建设方案进行了评估,充分肯定了建立NEON的必要性,但同时对原设计和建设方案提出了一些重大修改意见。新的方案建议NEON应重点关注生物多样性、物种组成与生态系统功能、生物地球化学循环的生态学影响、气候变化的生态学内涵、传染病的生态学和演化、入侵种以及土地利用和栖息地的丧失这6个美国国家层次当前所面临的最严峻的环境挑战。未来的NEON将由研究这些问题所设置的6个国家网络组成。深入研究NEON的概念、设计方案和实施计划,对于我国国家生态观测和研究网络的建设具有重要的参考意义。","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124389988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECT OF THE INVESTIGATION ON HYDROCARBON EXPULSION FROM SOURCE ROCKS 烃源岩排烃研究现状与展望

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0459

Chen Zhong-hong, Z. Ming

引用次数: 4

THE ADVANCES IN THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE BIODEGRADED OIL 生物降解油的地球化学研究进展

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449

Ma An-lai, Zhang Shui-chang, Jin Zhijun, Zhang Da-jiang

{"title":"THE ADVANCES IN THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE BIODEGRADED OIL","authors":"Ma An-lai, Zhang Shui-chang, Jin Zhijun, Zhang Da-jiang","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0449","url":null,"abstract":"The biodegradation of crude oil in the reservoir is an important alteration process and has undesirable impact on the oil physical property and economic value. Most of the world oil has been biodegraded. The effects of biodegradation on the ordinary biomarkers have been well known. Some advances in the biodegradation of the uneasily biodegraded biomarkers in recent years, such as high-molecular-weight alkanes, tricyclic terpanes and 25-norhorpane, were reviewed. At present, the details and mechanism taking place during the biodegradation are still obscure. Both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation mechanisms were discussed. It is proposed anaerobic biodegradation may be dominating and the biodegradation rate is very slow. The temperature was thought to be the main factor controlling the biodegradation. The biodegradation would cease at the reservoir temperature over 80℃. In most case, the biodegraded oils are mixing oils. The methods describing multiple hydrocarbon filling history of the biodegraded oil were introduced. Asphaltene of the biodegraded oil is unsusceptibility to biodegradation and its pyrolysate and Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed-oxidation production has important role in the oil-oil correlation and oil-source correlation for the biodegraded oil. Finally the trend of research on the biodegradation was proposed.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MAGMATIC EPIDOTE 岩浆绿帘石特征及意义综述

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0442

Zhang Huafeng, Ye Qingpei, Zhai Mingguo

引用次数: 0

EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY UPDATES AND POSSLBLE TRENDS FROM THE 21TH LNTERNATIONAL GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM[HT7] 第21届国际地球化学勘查研讨会的勘探地球化学进展及可能的趋势[ht7]

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477

W. Mingqi

{"title":"EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY UPDATES AND POSSLBLE TRENDS FROM THE 21TH LNTERNATIONAL GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM[HT7]","authors":"W. Mingqi","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0477","url":null,"abstract":"The 21th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium (21th IGES) was held in Dublin, Ireland during August 28～September 3, 2003. Over 200 delegates from 27 nations attended the meeting. Fifty-eight papers were orally presented and fifty papers were posted at the meeting. In addition to the scientific program, the Annual General Meeting of the AEG (Association of Exploration Geochemits) passed a resolution for the name change from AEG to AAG (Association of Applied Geochemits). Conventional geochemical exploration techniques such as soil and stream sediment surveys have been playing an important role in mineral exploration, while lithogeochemistry and hydrogeochemistry are still lasting interests for geochemists. A great attention has being paid to the study of deep-penetrating techniques and its formation mechanism in overburden, which represents the future of exploration geochemistry, in the world recently; indicator minerals, isotopes and biogeochemical methods were studied for particular mineral deposits in the special landscapes, Canada and Australia. ICP/MS has been conventional procedures for the analysis of elements and isotopes in geochemical samples. Although the number of papers on environmental geochemistry was increased, most of them were related to the environmental geochemistry of mines or mineral deposits.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131663944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCK IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CHINA: FACING THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY 中国农业土壤有机碳储量演化研究:面对全球变化与粮食安全的挑战

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-04-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384

Qi-guo Zhao, Gen-xing Pan

{"title":"STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON STOCK IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF CHINA: FACING THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY","authors":"Qi-guo Zhao, Gen-xing Pan","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.04.0384","url":null,"abstract":"China is facing the great pressure under the Kyoto Protocol in reducing the rapid increasing emission of CO_(2 )resulted from the rapid industrialization. This paper deals with the issue of the study on status and dynamics of organic carbon stock of agricultural soils of China. China agriculture is meantime facing the double challenge of stabling the food production under the shortage of arable lands with decreasing soil productivity and of enhancing the C sink for mitigating the increasing CO_(2) emission. The general poor storage of organic carbon and the apparent significance in crop productivity in the arable soils of China offers a great potential and, however, an urgent need for C sequestration agriculture in China. The evolution of C stock of the agricultural soils in the last two decades and the possible sink effect, the overall C sequestration potential and the feasible rate should be taken into account in the issues of priority researches. The authors strongly suggest that a C sequestration strategy, a win-win strategy, and technology should be developed after well-done investigations of soil C sequestration and put into practice in croplands of China in the early 21~(th) century to meet the commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. Soil C sequestration links concerns of global change and food security for sustainable development of agriculture of China and buys China opportunity for control the fast increasing CO_(2) emission due to the rapid industrialization. Priority of research should be put to the following issues of soil C sequestration: (1) the overall C stock of China cropland soils and the changing dynamics with the agricultural development at various scales; (2) features of C cycling in cropland soils with land fragmentation, and under intensified agriculture and high chemical inputs; (3) coupling mechanisms of soil C sequestration and productivity enhancement for different farming systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127894938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ENVIRONMENT OF MARS REGION LANDED BY THE EXPLORES 探测器登陆火星地区地貌环境的初步探索

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-03-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366

Sun Guang-you

{"title":"A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ENVIRONMENT OF MARS REGION LANDED BY THE EXPLORES","authors":"Sun Guang-you","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0366","url":null,"abstract":"The landforms of two landing regions used by the Courage and the Opportunity are both plains with differences in the form and the matter structure and the dynamic process. The region landed by Courage mainly is a wind erosion area and the Opportunity mainly is a wind deposit area. And the former belongs to the plate gravel plain,or call it a gravel desert. The latter belongs to wave sand plain with rock bed, a sand desert with rock hill. The wind should be a main power and the windy direction should also be perennially same. These wind landforms are the results had transformed from the water landforms,certainly, the change of the landform power is a great. According to the landform classification , they belong to the dry landform by the windy power , and there is no the melt-freeze process. If the existences of river , lake ,forest , grassland and marsh were possible on the ground of the Mars, the marsh wetland would be one which was disappeared in the last. There was big water in Mars in past time , but there was no direct evidence found in the tow landing regions , if there is water , it will only store in the deep of the underground , and the explorers are difficult in finding liquid water. The change of water in Mars may be a complex model.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION SIMULATION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN CHINA BY AVIM 中国陆地生态系统净初级生产模拟

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-03-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345

H. Yong, Dan Li, Dong Wen-jie, Jiagn Jin-jun

{"title":"THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION SIMULATION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN CHINA BY AVIM","authors":"H. Yong, Dan Li, Dong Wen-jie, Jiagn Jin-jun","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0345","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we used an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM) that has been validated at regional and global scales to estimate the NPP (net primary production) variation of modern Chinese terrestrial ecosystems and its responses to the climate change. AVIM consists of two inter-coupled components: physical process and eco-physiological process, involving the mater and energy balance between the atmosphere, vegetation and soil. Chinese vegetation is classified 9 types and soil texture is classified into 6 types. The parameters of eco-physiological processes for each vegetation type for AVIM are collected. Daily weather data for 0.5×0.5 grid cells as the forcing of the model are generated from the monthly climate data, coming from the climate research unit, University of East Anglia, UK. The estimated NPP of chinese vegetation changes from 0 to 1 389 gC/(cm~2·a), averaging 355 gC/(cm~2·a). Vegetation from the rain forest has the high NPP value, and the low NPP corresponding to the shrub with no cover. The NPP decreases from east to west in China, with the highest NPP occuring at the south area of Yunnan Province, and the lowest appearing at Tibet and Xinjiang areas. Total NPP of the terrestrial ecosystems is (3.33) Pg C, suggesting that such amount of carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere by the vegetation in China. Our work also shows that precipitation is the main factor affecting the NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in China.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

REVIEW ON CREATING FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS BY STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING TECHNIQUES 利用统计降尺度技术创造未来气候变化情景综述

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-03-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320

Chen De-liang, Fan Li-jun, Fu Cong-bin

{"title":"REVIEW ON CREATING FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS BY STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING TECHNIQUES","authors":"Chen De-liang, Fan Li-jun, Fu Cong-bin","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.03.0320","url":null,"abstract":"Coupled General Circulation models (AOGCMs) are widely used as an important tool of projecting global climate change. However, their resolution is too coarse to provide the regional scale information required for regional impact assessments. Therefore, downscaling methods for extracting regional scale information from output of AOGCMs have been developed. Regional climate models nested in AOGCMs, statistical downscaling, and dynamical-statistical downscaling are usually used for downscaling. In this review paper, focus is placed on statistical downscaling techniques. These methods can be used to predict regional scale climate from AOGCM output using statistical relationship between the large-scale climate and the regional-scale climate, which offers the advantages of being computationally inexpensive. The principle and assumptions of three categories of statistical downscaling are introduced. Important issues in using statistical downscaling to create future climate change scenario is also discussed. At the same time, dynamical downscaling is briefly compared with statistical downscaling in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, prospects of developing new downscaling techniques by combining statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127657822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

THE STUDIES OF HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES IN MONGOLIA: A REVIEW 蒙古全新世气候变化研究进展

Advance in Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2005-02-25 DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.02.0240

Wang Wei-guo, Feng Zhao-dong, T.Narantsetseg, P. Khosbayar

引用次数: 1