Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives最新文献

Male Accessory Glands and Sperm Function 男性附属腺体与精子功能

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74321

Lozano Hernández Jesús Ricardo

引用次数: 14

The Role of Human Semen as an Early and Reliable Tool of Environmental Impact Assessment on Human Health 人类精液作为早期可靠的人类健康环境影响评估工具的作用

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73231

L. Montano, P. Bergamo, M. Andreassi, S. Lorenzetti

{"title":"The Role of Human Semen as an Early and Reliable Tool of Environmental Impact Assessment on Human Health","authors":"L. Montano, P. Bergamo, M. Andreassi, S. Lorenzetti","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73231","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown a dramatic reduction of semen quality in many industrialized countries and infertility is becoming a public health top priority, whose incidence is associated to late-onset adult diseases, especially cancer, shorter life expectancy and trans-generational effects. The male reproductive system is particularly sensitive to a broad variety of reproductive and developmental toxicants, including many environmental pollutants and recent studies suggest that human semen is an early and sensitive environmental and health marker. A set of semen biomarkers is described for reproductive health effects in relation to environmental exposure, where human semen seems to be an early and sensitive source of biomarkers than blood to monitor high environmental pressure on human health. Environmental health should consider reproductive health and development, from intrauterine life to childhood and puberty: these are both vulnerable targets and high-value protection goals, inasmuch as they represent the future of our societies. Hence, biomarkers of reproductive health should be exploited as early signals of environmental pressure and increased risk of adverse chronic health effects so that the use of “human seminal model” might be the main objective to be considered in the agenda of public prevention policies for early detection and innovative programs of health surveillance in environmental risk areas.","PeriodicalId":414156,"journal":{"name":"Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128508810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

In Vitro Spermatogenesis; Past, Present, and Future 体外精子发生;过去，现在和未来

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73505

D. Dissanayake

{"title":"In Vitro Spermatogenesis; Past, Present, and Future","authors":"D. Dissanayake","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73505","url":null,"abstract":"The study of culturing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dates back to the 1950s. However, regeneration of complete spermatogenesis process in vitro is still a greater challenge. Studying spermatogenesis in vitro is significant in elucidating germ cell biology, and the knowledge may be useful for genetic manipulations of defective germ cells or producing transgenic animals, fertility preservation, and treatment of infertility. Fertility preservation would be more beneficial for adult and prepubescent patients who develop sterility due to gonadotoxins. Discovering of the stepwise stages in spermatogenesis and various forms of arrests at specific stages would help in the diagnosis of especially, idiopathic infertility and deciding treatment options. Different techniques have been tried to differentiate stem cells into germ cells over decades. A larger number of studies has used genetically manipulated stem cells to achieve differentiated germ cells. In contrast, differentiation of stem cells directly into SSCs bypassing the step into primordial germ cells (PGCs) to minimize time frame and employing techniques involved in least genetic manipulations are other important techniques to increase utilization within a clinical setting. As the use of transfected cell lines disqualifies the putative gametes obtained for clinical applications, trying to generate patient-specific germ cell with least genetic manipulations will be more effective in future applications, especially for patients with pre-pubertal cancer and azoospermic men who desire to become biological fathers.","PeriodicalId":414156,"journal":{"name":"Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114169635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Introductory Chapter: Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives 导论章:精子-事实和观点

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75674

R. Chianese, R. Meccariello

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","authors":"R. Chianese, R. Meccariello","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75674","url":null,"abstract":"Sperm cells (SPZ) are derived from spermatogenesis, a highly regulated developmental process starting from diploid precursors—spermatogonial stem cells—that undergo strictly orchestrated mitotic and meiotic divisions to form round spermatids. Extensive morphological and biochemical transformations in post-meiotic phase are required to differentiate round spermatids into highly specialized SPZ [1–3]. Thus, during spermiogenesis, the round spermatids transform into specialized and polarized cells that exhibit: at proximal end, the head containing an elongated and transcriptionally inactive nucleus which is apically surrounded by the Golgi-derived acrosome, and at the distal end, a tail surrounded at its proximal midpieces by mitochondrial sheet. A part from acrosome biogenesis, the spermiogenesis accounts for a radical chromatin remodeling that causes genome silencing [4] through histone replacement with transition proteins, firstly, and protamines later, to obtain a tightly packaged chromatin [5]. In parallel, a global reorganization of cytoplasmatic/cytoskeleton architecture drives elongation step with the development of a flagellum and the formation of cytoplasmic droplets which contain the excess cytoplasm.","PeriodicalId":414156,"journal":{"name":"Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133409957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interacytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection: A Tool for Selecting the Best Sperm in Real Time 胞浆间质形态选择精子注射:实时选择最佳精子的工具

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2018-06-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73388

Y. Barak, A. Ellenbogen

{"title":"Interacytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection: A Tool for Selecting the Best Sperm in Real Time","authors":"Y. Barak, A. Ellenbogen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73388","url":null,"abstract":"Routine sperm parameters are used to evaluate fertility potential of the male partner. Since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it seems that the importance of routine parameters of sperm morphology has decreased in the field of assisted reproduction. ICSI has facilitated to achieve fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancies, from the treatment of males with poor-quality spermatozoa. Morphology is the only criteria for sperm aspiration during ICSI. Routine criteria are based on the raw ejaculatestained sperm cells. Thus, it is important to score and aspirate a good-quality motile spermatozoon, which will contribute to the quality of the developing embryo after ICSI, in real time of the procedure. In ICSI, assessment of sperm morphology is limited due to the low magnification (200 × 400×) and concomitant low resolution. By using intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI), it was demonstrated that a spermatozoon with normal morphology, and more precisely normal nucleus, might affect the incidence of pregnancy. Although the usage of IMSI is currently wider, it is necessary to standardize which sperm to aspirate, due to criteria based on accumulating data. Correlation to DNA integrity, embryo development in vitro, female age, male age, or the routine use of IMSI for all cases are raised in order to maximize the efficiency of IMSI technology.","PeriodicalId":414156,"journal":{"name":"Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121198942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Advanced Label-Free Optical Methods for Spermatozoa Quality Assessment and Selection 精子质量评价与选择的先进无标签光学方法

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71028

A. Angelis, M. Ferrara, G. Coppola, A. D. Luca

引用次数: 1

Physiological and Pathological Roles of Free Radicals in Male Reproduction 自由基在男性生殖中的生理和病理作用

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70793

E. Tvrdá, P. Massányi, N. Lukáč

{"title":"Physiological and Pathological Roles of Free Radicals in Male Reproduction","authors":"E. Tvrdá, P. Massányi, N. Lukáč","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70793","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress (OS) is a condition caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms in the cell. OS has become a prominent factor in male reproductive dysfunction as ROS cause damage to sperm DNA, lipids and proteins, alterations to critical sperm structures and signaling pathways, leading to a decreased sperm activity and fertilizing capacity. At the same time, small amounts of ROS play vital roles in events leading to sperm maturation and acquisition of functional activity, which is why a proper oxidative balance is of paramount importance for a proper male fertility. Understanding the physiological and pathological roles of ROS in male reproduction has become an essential pillar of modern andrology; however, numerous questions related to the controversial behavior of ROS in male reproductive cells and tissues still remain unanswered. This chapter aims to summarize current evidence available on the relationships between free radicals, antioxidants and male reproduction and to trigger more scientific interest, particularly with respect to the design of efficient strategies to diagnose or treat male sub- or infertility associated with OS.","PeriodicalId":414156,"journal":{"name":"Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128561383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Ultrastructure of Spermatozoa from Infertility Patients 不孕症患者精子的超微结构

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71596

E. Bragina, E. Bocharova

引用次数: 3

Environmental Factors and Male Infertility 环境因素与男性不育

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71553

Q. Tang, Wei Wu, Jing Zhang, Rong Fan, Mu-lin Liu

引用次数: 5

Sequence of Germ Cells Differentiation During Spermiogenesis of the Amphibian Urodele Ambystoma dumerilii 两栖动物尾尾龙精子发生过程中生殖细胞分化序列的研究

Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71508

M. Uribe, Sergio Gracia-Fernández

引用次数: 2