Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The \"Foundations and Criterias\" the Integration of Transportion Systems in Large Cities' Centres","authors":"Mohammed Kareem Mohessen, Bahjet Rashad Shahin","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.014","url":null,"abstract":"Transport systems are a major part and a key component of the city and its centre، and directly affect its planning and urban design. Integrated transport systems are considered as a fundamental reason of easy and possible accessibility of people، merchandise and others، as well as they appear distinctly in developed cities' centres، and to achieve such a targeted integration، the main bases must be provided. This study is emerged owing to the absence of a clear vision in our local studies about the integration of transport systems in the centres of large cities to achieve easy possible accessibility in a smooth and easy method، and also appropriate to the actual need for transport in a sustainable way to meet the social، economic and environmental requirements، such that many cities have developed plans to address traffic congestions in a studied approach. Therefore، the research problem is \"the lack of a clear and accurate vision of the levels and ways to achieve the integration of transport systems in the centres of large cities، including the city of Baghdad\". The research hypothesis is \"integrating of different transport levels، contributes to build a sustainable city، and it is a guaranteed assurance to meet the immediate requirements of mobility and accessibility without compromising our communities' comfort in the future\". Integration levels and their different foundations are the means to achieve integration to create easy accessibility and provide a sustainable environment by planning for the time being، and adopting sustainable systems in future plans. Thus، the importance of this research comes from the importance of transport systems and the foundations of their integration and their impact on the city planning to match the need for transport easily and in a way that promotes the social، economic and environmental aspects.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation the precision of the conversion of bio-signals (heart sounds) in analog to digital and digital to analog conversion processes in ATmega 8 microcontroller processors using computer simulation","authors":"Mouhamad Samer Ehsan Albaba, Ahmad Al-Abdo, Yasser Khadra","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.013","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to calculate the precision transfer from the analogue to digital convertor (ADC) and the digital to analogue convertor (DAC) of the ATmega microcontroller series that are widely used in various circuits and their application of weak signals such as boi-signals, especially heart sounds signals.We chose the ATmega8 microcontroller and performed the measurements and results on the first heart sound (S1) after enforcement the simulations of an electronic stethoscope using the famous program proteus8 for electronic systems. We performed the analogue to digital conversion (ADC) for 20 samples of the signal and then we performed the opposite process DAC using 2R-R resistor network with 10 inputs.The results obtained showed a near perfect match between the signals before and after the conversion. Which suits this type of application.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of nickel ions and methylene blue dyes from aqueous solutions using alkaline algae biomass","authors":"A. Najim, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.003","url":null,"abstract":"The sorption of nickel (II) and methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution by alkaline treated algae biomass was investigated. 0.05 M NaOH resulted in increasing the removal efficiency of algae biomass from 77.48 to 97.43% and from 79.71 to 97.53 % for Ni (II) and MB, respectively. Pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra- particle diffusion kinetic models were tested, good coefficients of determination (R2) were attained from pseudo second order kinetic model for both contaminants; therefore, chemical adsorption was the mechanism that governed the sorption process by alkaline treated algae. The data were best fitted to Langmuir isotherm model and a maximum sorption capacity achieved were 2.889 mg/g for Ni (II) and 6.406 mg/g for MB. The separation factor shows irreversible isotherm type due to RL  1 for both contaminants. Alkali pretreatment of algae mixture could be an effective and low cost strategy for enhancing Ni (II) and MB sorption from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic Municipal Solid Waste Compost Quality According to Different Layers of Composting Bioreactor","authors":"Zainab Zamil AL-Saedi, Jathwa Ibrahim","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.002","url":null,"abstract":"Composting is one of the methods of solid waste management (SWM) where the organic component of solid waste stream is biologically decomposed under controlled conditions. A bioreactor tank was designed to contain 59.2 kg of mixed organic municipal solid waste, the organic matter was degraded under aerobic condition for 30 days. The tank was 45 cm in diameter, 130 cm total height and a 0.2 cm wall thickness. Three circular openings with screwed cover having diameter of 12 cm were leveled at (20, 40 and 80) cm respectively to withdraw samples. Temperature, moisture and pH were measured for three layers as process guideline indicators. Maximum temperature ranged between (34.79 to 46.91) ºC. Initial pH value was 6.53, ended within a range of (7.4 to 7.44). Chemical analysis for the composts in the three levels proved that the final C/N ratio ranged between (13.8 to16.1), TOC ended within a range of (17.33% to 25.24 %), final nitrification index (N-NH4/N-NO3) ranged between (0.22 to0.31), final of P% ranged between (0.89% to 1.23%), final of K% ranged between (1.69% to 1.81%) and results of germination index (GI %) ranged between (76.54%, to 88.35%) for three layers respectively. At the close of the experiment results proved that aerobic in-vessel composting could reduce the large amounts of wastes by 40% as a total mass. A satisfactory degree of decomposition was apparent in all levels, and the material was characterized by a pleasant earthy odor, and the obtained compost can be classified as mature compost. In conclusion, the three different layers do not have much effect on the quality indices of the final product.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Water Breakthrough Using Numerical Simulation","authors":"Almanar Faleh, J. A. Al-Sudani","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.009","url":null,"abstract":"Water coning is one of the most important phenomena that affect the oil production from oil reservoirs having bottom water aquifers. Empirical model has been developed based on numerical simulator results verified for wide range variation of density difference, viscosity ratio, perforated well interval, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio and well to reservoir radius ratio; the effect of all these parameters on breakthrough time of raising water have been recorded for five different oil flow rate. Since, the model reflects the real situations of reservoir-aquifer zone systems; in which the aquifer has a specific strength to support the reservoir pressure drop depending on its characteristics and water properties. Moreover, the numerical model has been constructed using very fine grids near the wellbore especially in vertical direction, so that very accurate results can be obtained. and (625)runs were performed to generate the breakthrough time model using the numerical simulator verifying all parameters affecting on breakthrough time. The results show that water coning is complex phenomena that depends on all reservoir and fluid properties; the dynamic critical flow rates affected simultaneously by both of the displacing fluid zones. The results show that the breakthrough time of the presented formula provides extreme accuracy with many numerical simulator cases of same reservoir and fluid properties; thus, the suggested formula can be considered as an alternative, quick and easy use tool than numerical simulation models, which consumes time and efforts.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114540755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling reaction time and accidents rate of drivers","authors":"Hayder Alkhafaji, S. Sarsam","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.010","url":null,"abstract":"The huge number of accidents makes the study of accidents causation one of the priorities in the design of roads, location of traffic signs, specifying the permitted ages for driving, improving license procedure and to provide local data to predicate the behavior. The characteristics of drivers affect results in roads. Drivers' data, vision test and reaction time of the drivers taken, head cover and spectacle considered in the drivers' abilities and accidents background involvements in the questionnaire form. Drivers' reaction time and drivers' accidents rate (accidents+1/experience) through the years of driving experience are modeled. The results revealed the negative impact of head cover and/or spectacle on vision abilities, while it didn’t show obvious effect on accidents rate The best reaction time is 0.5708 (sec) for age group (29-39) years, while the worst reaction time is 0.6974 for age (>=51) years. The maximum accident rate is 0.482 for age group (18-28) and decreases with age increase to a minimum accidents rate of 0.0808 for age group >=51.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"62 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116813392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Economic Water Productivity of Cucumber by using Soil Water Retention Technology under Subsurface Trickle Irrigation System","authors":"Fatima Sadoon Mushab, S. A. Almasraf","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.008","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface soil water retention (SWRT) is a recent technology for increasing the crop yield, water use efficiency and then the water productivity with less amount of applied water. The goal of this research was to evaluate the existing of SWRT with the influence of surface and subsurface trickle irrigation on economic water productivity of cucumber crop. Field study was carried out at the Hawr Rajab district of Baghdad governorate from October 1st, to December 31st, 2017. Three experimental treatments were used, treatment plot T1 using SWRT with subsurface trickle irrigation, plot T2 using SWRT with surface trickle irrigation, while plot T3 without using SWRT and using surface tickle irrigation system. The obtained results showed that the economic water productivity in plot T1 was greater than plots T2 and T3. The increasing value was about 65 % and 124 %, respectively. The benefit of the installing SWRT along with subsurface trickle irrigation in the crop root zone assisted to keep the water, nutrients and fertilizers during the root zone profile, improving the field water use efficiency and then the parameter of water productivity.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132191956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Footprint and Sustainability of Baghdad City","authors":"Zeyad Ali Ismael, Saba Jabbar Nemaa, Jathwa Abd-Al Kareem Ibrahem","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.013","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Baghdad suffers from horizontal expansion resulting from the large increase in population, and the consequent increase in the demand for energy and food and increase the introduction of carbon dioxide. Therefore, Baghdad has become overcrowded and suffers from bottlenecks, especially in the city center, resulting in design problems, poor infrastructure and lack of accounts for energy consumption or the amount of renewable energy produced. Due to the lack of research and studies that dealt with this subject, the research problem of (the scientific need to reach the elements of the ecological footprint that leads to the sustainability of Baghdad city) resulted in the research hypothesis that the ecological footprint has an impact on the sustainability of the city of Baghdad. The research has identified the following objectives: To study, understand and provide scientific knowledge about the ecological footprint with its various components. As well as access to the ecological footprint and biological capacity and its impact on the sustainability of the city of Baghdad. This will be addressed through a study of the ecological footprint, its components and components, and the study of some global examples of the applications of ecological footprint in the sustainability of the city, ending with fingerprinting and the biological capacity of Baghdad city and the practical application of ecological footprint indicators in Baghdad city sustainability.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121369230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Scouring Zones in Ungauged River by Simulation: The Case of Galal Badrah River, Iraq","authors":"Kareem Abd Ali Kareem, H. Al-thamiry","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.007","url":null,"abstract":"Galal Badrah River is one of Iraqi-Iranian border crossing rivers. This river is usually seasonally flooded during any time started from January to May. Its maximum discharge is 2200 m3/s which was recorded during 1985. During floods, banks of this river at many locations need protection against scour problem during floods. A small dam was constructed on this river in 2010 for the purposes of flood control and storage of water.  The weir of the dam has a design discharge of 1250 m3/s. Sediments started to accumulate in the reservoir of the dam that reduce its design capacity to 10% during 2017. The flow of Galal Badrah River was simulated by using HEC-RAS 5.0.3 models. were used to simulate by using. Two hydrographs were used at upstream side of the river, one with a maximum discharge of 1250 m3/s and the other is of 2200 m3/s. A normal flow depth is used as a downstream boundary condition. Results of the simulation showed that the velocities to be higher than allowable velocity of scouring. The protection of Galal Badrah river by stack boulders is suggested to be used to avoid the scour at the river bank. The protection will increase Manning’s roughness coefficient from 0.028 to 0.10. The percentage of reduction in velocities after the river protection for the discharges of 1250 and 2200 m3/s were found to be 65.23% and 60.55%, respectively. The reduction in velocity caused increase in the river water levels. As a result, a flood embankment is required to be constructed on the right bank of the river with a height ranges from 2.5 to 5.6 m depending on the water depth at river cross section.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123199110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The architectural phenomenon and creative production","authors":"Amna Bassim Salih Salih","doi":"10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.016","url":null,"abstract":"Our architectural products are reflected ourselves and reformed our surrounding environment. There are some of the architectural products Characterized as a Unique and Out of the ordinary which makes it describe  as a (creative architectural product), and in the other side some of Critics and researchers describe it as an (architectural phenomenon), So the unique architectural production between architectural phenomenon or as a creative production, the research problem appears which is (Does each product apply on it the characteristics of the architectural phenomenon is a creative product? Or is every creative product an architectural phenomenon? and what are the rapprochement between them?.The aim of the research tries to Explain and investigate the extent of match the creative features of creative architectural production when it is an architectural phenomenon.The research method tries to explain the meaning of phenomenon and explain the architectural studies which demonstrate the architectural phenomenon through different architectural productions to determine the features of the architectural production as a phenomenon, And in the other side of the research, we determined the features of the architectural creative production.After complete the theoretical indicators , The  Practical side starts which depend on The comparative analytical descriptive method to select projects as a single dwelling from the 19th century In Europe and North America, as it was an era of cultural orientations and conflicts due to the industrial, social and cultural changes witnessed by the century to end by the emergence of modern architectural movement.The mechanism for electing the single houses are determined by the design features of the architectural phenomenon, which is determined by the research, as well as it is selected according to the designing by the architect or not. The information about the selected samples are collected of different sources, We try to analysis the creative features in those elected projects   according to the physical  and intellectual levels of the architectural production, to be realized the hypothesis of the research that every creative product is possible to be an architectural phenomenon but it's not every architectural phenomenon is The creative product.","PeriodicalId":414074,"journal":{"name":"Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"53 43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124654347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}