Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of a Training Package for Law Enforcement to Conduct Open Source Research","authors":"Joseph Williams, G. Humphries","doi":"10.4018/IJCRE.2019010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCRE.2019010102","url":null,"abstract":"Law enforcement officials (LEOs) in the UK conduct open source research (OSR) as part of their routine online investigations. OSR, in this instance, refers to publicly available information that is accessed via the Internet. As part of the research, identifying and tracing the electronic suspect (RITES) course provided by the UK's College of Policing, LEOs are introduced to the open source internet research tool (OSIRT); a free software tool designed to assist LEOs with OSR investigations. This article draws on analyses from questionnaires and observations from a RITES course; mapping them to Kirkpatrick's evaluation model. Results showed the positive impact the RITES course had in transferring knowledge back on-the-job, with LEOs applying knowledge learned to real-life investigative scenarios. Additionally, results showed OSIRT integrated both in the RITES course and into the LEOs investigative routine.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131935361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Predictive Policing Technologies (PPT)","authors":"P. Watt, George Boak, Marija Krlic, D. Wilkinson, J. Gold","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-6155-2.CH028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6155-2.CH028","url":null,"abstract":"This reflective case-history presents the findings of a 12-week pilot study of a collaborative organizational change project which oversaw the implementation of predictive policing technology (PPT) into a territorial police force in the North of England. Based on the first year of a two-year initiative, the reflections consider the impact on the future of the project and their potential future application and cultural embeddedness, beyond the organizational and time-bound specifics of this case.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134445057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRISM","authors":"Takuhiro Kagawa, S. Saiki, Masahide Nakamura","doi":"10.4018/ijsi.2018100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2018100104","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes how local governments in Japan recently provide security information services for residents, which deliver regional incident information using Email or Web. However, since the conventional services usually provide “one-for-all” information. users tend to miss important incidents within the flood of information. This article proposes a new security information service, called PRISM (Personalized Real-time Information with Security Map). For given incident information and user's living area, PRISM first computes severity of the incident, based on distance, time, and type of the incident. It then visualizes the incidents with the severity on a heat map. Thus, PRISM provides real-time personalized information adapted to individual situation of users. To illustrate the feasibility, we implement PRISM as a Web application using Hyogo Bouhan Net, and Kobe city facility open data.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126034009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel First Responder Digital Forensics Tool as a Support to Law Enforcement","authors":"M. Bogdanoski, Marjan Stoilkovski, A. Risteski","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8793-6.CH016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8793-6.CH016","url":null,"abstract":"There are many freeware and commercial tools which can be used to provide forensics information based on dead and live forensics acquisition. The main problem with these tools is that in many cases the investigator cannot explain the script functionality and generated results and information during the trial. Because of this reason there is an increased need for developing and using script which can be easy explained and adapted to any analysis which should be made by the examiners. The chapter presents a novel developed First Responder script which can be used to perform a live and dead forensics analysis in support of Law Enforcement during the investigation process.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128705634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime Hotspot Detection","authors":"E. Eftelioglu, S. Shekhar, Xun Tang","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Given a set of crime locations, a statistically significant crime hotspot is an area where the concentration of crimes inside is significantly higher than outside. The motivation of crime hotspot detection is twofold: detecting crime hotspots to focus the deployment of police enforcement and predicting the potential residence of a serial criminal. Crime hotspot detection is computationally challenging due to the difficulty of enumerating all potential hotspot areas, selecting an interest measure to compare these with the overall crime intensity, and testing for statistical significance to reduce chance patterns. This chapter focuses on statistical significant crime hotspots. First, the foundations of spatial scan statistics and its applications (i.e. SaTScan) to circular hotspot detection are reviewed. Next, ring-shaped hotspot detection is introduced. Third, linear hotspot detection is described since most crimes occur along a road network. The chapter concludes with future research directions in crime hotspot detection.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116594643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Medical Resources Required to be Dispatched After Earthquake and Flood, Using Historical Data and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Homer Papadopoulos, Antonis Korakis","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a method to predict the medical resources required to be dispatched after large-scale disasters to satisfy the demand. The historical data of past incidents (earthquakes, floods) regarding the number of victims requested emergency medical services and hospitalisation, simulation tools, web services and machine learning techniques have been combined. The authors adopted a twofold approach: a) use of web services and simulation tools to predict the potential number of victims and b) use of historical data and self-trained algorithms to “learn” from these data and provide relative predictions. Comparing actual and predicted victims needed hospitalisation showed that the proposed models can predict the medical resources required to be dispatched with acceptable errors. The results are promoting the use of electronic platforms able to coordinate an emergency medical response since these platforms can collect big heterogeneous datasets necessary to optimise the performance of the suggested algorithms.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"90 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120906391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REDAlert+","authors":"Arjun Shakdher, Kavita Pandey","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, thousands of people in developing countries die due to delayed medical response. A common complaint is that emergency vehicles respond late and when they reach the hospital, precious time is lost in understanding the patient trauma before the doctors can get to work. A large number of deaths can be prevented if medical services can be provided to the victims in time, which can happen when the emergency wing of a hospital has advance information about the trauma before the patient reaches the hospital. Most hospitals lack communication infrastructure that allows them to coordinate with emergency vehicles bringing patients to hospital. In developed countries, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are prevalent. These networks use vehicles as mobile nodes to create a small-interconnected network on the road. A mobile application based on the principle of VANETs in combination with wireless communication and database management has been devised, that when integrated with emergency vehicles and hospitals, provides a seamless medical response system at times of an emergency.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123059449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Prevention and Reduction in the Rate of Accidents Using Internet of Things and Data Analytics","authors":"B. J. Sowmya, Chetan Shetty, S. Seema, K. Srinivasa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5832-3.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5832-3.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of lives in India are lost each day due to the delayed medical response. In the present scenario, the victims completely rely on the passersby for almost every kind of medical help such as informing the hospital or ambulance. This project aims to automate the process of detecting and reporting accidents using accident detection kits in vehicles. The kit has a system on chip and various sensors which sense various parameters that change drastically during the occurrence of accidents such as the vibration levels, orientation of vehicles with respect to the ground. The accident is said to occur when these values cross the permissible threshold limit. As soon as this happens, the latitude and longitude of the accident spot is tracked using the GPS module present in the kit. The nearest hospital and police station is computed by the GPS module, which uses the latitude and longitude values as the input. The accident notifications are sent to the concerned hospital and police station over the web interface accordingly. The assignment of particular ambulance and the required traffic policemen to the accident cases is done using the web interface. The android application guides the ambulance driver as well as the policemen to the accident spot and also helps in the detailed registration of the accidents. The closest doctor facility and police headquarters is processed by the GPS module, which utilizes the scope and longitude esteems as the information. The accident warnings are sent to the concerned healing facility and police headquarters over the web interface as needs be. The task of specific rescue vehicle and policemen to the accident cases is finished utilizing the web interface. An intelligent analysis of the last five years' rich dataset uncovers the patterns followed by the accidents and gives valuable insights on how to deploy the existing resources such as ambulances and traffic-police efficiently. Various types of analysis are done to identify the cause-effect relationships and deal with this in a better way. Such technical solutions to the frequently occurring problems would result in saving many lives as well as making the cities safer and smarter.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Individual-Level Deception in the Digital Age","authors":"Eugenie de Silva","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a discussion of a new model titled, “DETECT (Determining and Evaluating Truthfulness through Explicit Cue Testing) which relies upon the assessment of verbal and non-verbal cues. The author presents the argument that the digital age has posed novel challenges to law enforcement and intelligence personnel; hence, the author further explains the ways in which the DETECT model (©, Eugenie de Silva, 2014) can be used to determine deceptive activities at the individual-level even in a technologically advanced society. The chapter touches upon Denial and Deception (D&D), and how the detection of deception must be carried out in the twenty-first century, especially through rigorous monitoring within the established legal framework.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115680103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEEM","authors":"M. Canonico, S. Montani, D. Gazzolo, M. Strozzi, Manuel Striani","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors describe a client-server architecture, designed for supporting data recording and transmission during emergency patient transportation by ambulance. The clients are a set of mobile apps, interfaced to the monitoring devices in the ambulance, that automatically send all the recorded data to a server at the destination center. One additional app enables the travelling personnel to input and transmit further significant patient data, or comments. At the destination center, the specialist physician logs onto the server, receives the data in real time, and is allowed to plot/analyze them, assessing the patient's situation, and possibly sending immediate feedback to the operators in the ambulance. The system is currently under evaluation at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Alessandria Children Hospital, Italy. The system, by allowing real time data communication, is able to provide clear advantages from the organizational and economical viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":414060,"journal":{"name":"Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}