Central Europe最新文献

{"title":"The Central European Archaeology of Knowledge: Exploring Polish and Ukrainian Literature (1989–2014): Introductory Essay","authors":"Magdalena Baran-Szołtys, Monika Glosowitz, Aleksandra Konarzewska","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412702","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989, Poland, together with other Soviet satellite states in the region, ceased to be a communist country. Shortly after this the USSR dissolved, and Ukraine — after almost seventy years — regained its independence. With political freedom and market economies, the years 1989 and 1991 brought Central Europeans both vertical and horizontal; borders were opened, and the ‘iron curtain’ and East-West divisions was assumed not to exist anymore. In Poland, the processes of modernization were rapid, and encompassed not only politics and economics, but also the social and cultural spheres. Similar steps were taken in Ukraine, but they were implemented with fewer visible effects. However, once Poland became a member of NATO (1999) and then the European Union (2004), the political and economic divisions between the two countries became more evident. Nonetheless, within the cultural spheres of both countries one could observe similar tendencies: the revival of local identities (e.g. Silesian, Galician) and the appearance of new issues (such as gender) on the one hand, and a postmodern scepticism towards grand narratives on the other. However, the atmosphere of living in a transitory Central Europe during Francis Fukuyama’s peaceful ‘end of history’ was interrupted in 2014 when Russian troops annexed Crimea. After a quarter of a century the old divisions between East and West reappeared, with Ukraine transformed into country at war. The studies collected in the following volume can be seen as archaeological projects, as the objects of their investigation — spatial narratives from Ukraine and Poland — reflect the main geopolitical changes and their consequences for local communities. It is the Foucauldian notion of the ‘archaeology of knowledge’ that will be used, and treated, in an unrestricted manner. ‘Archaeology’ is understood here as being a type of discursive analysis that is not bound to the rigorous structuralist method. As all of the authors in this special issue conceive literature in distinct contexts and through a geopolitical key (yet without any uniform model of temporalization), this kind of ‘archaeology’ has enabled them to apply a wide range of analytical conditions and thus reveal different forms of imagined worlds. How fruitful this approach might be is shown by the fact that spatial narratives themselves enable the appearance of new aesthetics and discourses, as well as the (re)emergence of local myths and their constitutive role in (re)creating different collective memories — for instance, both Polish and Ukrainian authors made use of the myth of the Habsburg’s Galicia. All the articles in this special issue question the narratives that have shaped the cultural memory of the inhabitants of Poland and Ukraine. The authors have highlighted the role of literature and popular culture in providing alternative visions of the past and the present. The greatest common advantage of their methodological background is their rejection of generalizi","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80830228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleansing the Czechoslovak Borderlands: Migration, Environment, and Health in the Former Sudetenland","authors":"M. Heimann","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412734","url":null,"abstract":"The Legionary headquarters only moved from Iaşi, the Moldavian capital, to Bucharest in 1933. Codreanu ceased wearing Moldavian peasant costume in favour of a suit and tie. Nevertheless, Schmitt argues that Codreanu remained essentially a national romantic from rural Moldavia, more at home in nature and in the mountain monasteries than amongst Bucharest intellectuals. It is therefore not surprising that for Codreanu the salvation of the Romanian nation was ultimately religious rather than political. There is much in this volume that will be of interest to those seeking to understand the origins, growth and popularity of the Romanian Legionary movement. More importantly, however, Schmitt gives us important insights into the mind-set and character of one of inter-war Europe’s most popular and charismatic fascist leaders.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"140 1","pages":"101 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77959706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poruszona mapa. wyobraźnia geograficzno-kulturowa polskiej literatury przełomu XX i XXI wieku","authors":"Monika Glosowitz","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"7 1","pages":"90 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75257098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Form and Instability: Eastern Europe, Literature, Postimperial Difference","authors":"Aleksandra Konarzewska","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412729","url":null,"abstract":"the latter being a ready-made commentary. He is not afraid of being accused of instrumentalising the reasoning of the literary scholar. However, as one has to admit, his own voice is not a particularly revolutionary one. It boils down to rather staple diagnoses: the exhaustion of past worlds, untranslatability of ‘foreign’ forms of modernity, and, finally, new threats stemming from the neo-liberal politics. The most serious deficiency of this otherwise valuable book is the insufficiently exhibited methodological background. While Czapliński incorporates other voices into his own critical apparatus, ‘the suppliers’ of particular theoretical tools, freely used in the entirety of Poruszona mapa, are sadly left unmentioned. While remaining a comprehensive tale about the ‘affective map of Europe’, discussing such phenomena as ‘affective colonisation’, ‘social emotions’, ‘complicity in affects’, ‘shift of affects’, ‘diversified affective strategies’, and so on, the book neither acknowledges the names of any affect theorists nor clarifies any of the terms coming from the (quite abundant, after all) lexicon of the affect methodology. In Czapliński’s critical narrative a commentary on the affects changing the face of Europe remains the mere byplay, which is a pity, since it certainly poses another research challenge — one that has to be confronted in order to truly ponder and debate over the shape and future of the community.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77379650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Slogan in Communist Czechoslovakia (1948–89)","authors":"T. Dickins","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412719","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article employs an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate the role of the political slogan in Communist Czechoslovakia, with reference to Bakhtin’s concept of hierarchically superior texts, as developed by Alexei Yurchak and Michal Pullmann. It argues that the slogan performed a much wider range of temporally specific functions than has been generally recognized, and that its repetitive and ritualistic character had a major psychological effect on people’s memory and perception of reality (see C. Atkinson and R.M. Shiffrin, and David I. Kertzer). A clear distinction is drawn between denotative and connotative meaning, with detailed attention paid to J.L. Austin’s speech act theory, as elaborated by John R. Searle. The first two sections of the article define the concept and the functions of the ‘political slogan’, with special significance accorded to the use of language to establish a binary opposition between ‘us’ and ‘them’ (à la John B. Thompson’s notion of fragmentation). The third part identifies the sources and methodology adopted, and lists the principal word tokens identified. Following a brief contextualization of the slogan in the next section, the main body of the study uses corpus-assisted statistical analysis to evaluate the development of different thematic, lexical and semantic referents over three broad time spans (1948 to the mid-1950s, the mid-1950s to 1968, and 1969 to 1989).","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"70 1","pages":"58 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83902858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Gay and Soviet Queen: Polish Transformation and Discourses of Homosexual Gender Variance","authors":"Ludmiła Janion","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses the ways in which gender variance of gay, male-bodied persons was positioned within the East/West divide after 1989. The critical media reading is based on gay press columns from the 1990s. While in Polish culture, as in the West, homosexuality was traditionally linked to gender variance, in the 1990s the new gay identity was established as gender-normative — a task much facilitated by the fact that in Poland the development of gay identity was preceded by a medicalized and heteronormative concept of transsexuality. The study shows that gay imagery was highly influenced by the ‘global gay’ capitalist ideal and the ‘chasing the West’ narrative of progress and liberation. After 1989, homosexual gender variance became a taboo that was only discussed in the gay erotic press in satirical columns in which the term ciota was used (queen, auntie). In the columns, cioty were ridiculed and degraded, but also positioned as more authentic and noble. Their femininity was framed in the misogynist discourse of flawed, uncontrollable physiology and emotional instability, which corresponds with the second meaning of the word ‘ciota’ in Polish — menstruation. Ultimately, the change from the Soviet queen to the respectable Western gay was legitimized by the use of nostalgic rhetoric and the fact that ciota was equated with the fallen communist regime and ‘gay’ with blooming capitalism.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"17 1","pages":"35 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating nationality in Central Europe, 1880–1950. Modernity, violence and (be)longing in Upper Silesia","authors":"Karolina Pospiszil","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412732","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is also paid to Twardowski’s successors such as Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Czeżowski, and Kotarbiński, who were guided by the idea that ‘the subjects of humanities are expressions of mental products’ (p. 281). Darius Łukasiewicz, speaking of Czeżowski’s ‘Brentanian turn’ (p. 122), admits a definite influence of Jan Łukasiewicz even in the adoption of Brentano, and explains how Czeżowski nevertheless kept his footing in both moral aspects of philosophy and accurate methods, as many LWS scholars did. The moral connotation that Czeżowski found in Twardowski’s theory of action and products also resonates with Kotarbiński’s formal analysis, as Marta Zaręba discusses. Her paper builds a firm bridge between the LWS and the Anglo-Saxon modus operandi. Stepan Ivanyk’s chapter, entitled ‘The Lvov-Warsaw School as a Multicultural Phenomenon, Ukrainian Aspect’, deserves special mention, for it deals with the Ukrainian city that nurtured the ideas of the School. It is indeed important to understand that the Galicia’s capital Lvov on the side of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the reborn capital Warsaw that belonged to Imperial Russia for centuries faced varying socio-political circumstances. Hence the philosophy of the LWS, which in principle reflected contemporary problems and maintained the sense of reality, might have resulted in different investigations. As he points out, Twardowski was as much remarkable to Ukrainian students as for Poles. Neither nationality nor ethnicity mattered to Twardowski in his teachings. The luminary opened his lectures to Jewish students, too (p. 57). Marcin Tkaczyk’s contribution also emphasizes the influence that the LWS exerted on the theologians of the Cracow Circle, including Józef M. Bocheński and Jan Salamucha, who held the applicability of formal argumentations in high regard. Both authors took regional dynamics within modern Polish cities into account. Overall, the editors of this book have succeeded in providing new research perspectives on the LWS. They have not, however, discussed the concept of European culture enough. In order to understand the LWS’s role more precisely, it is necessary to rethink the history of the School in the wider social and intellectual contexts of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"43 1","pages":"97 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86774147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central European Heterotopias of Decay: the Poetics of the Real in Andrzej Stasiuk’s On the Road to Babadag","authors":"S. Ivanov","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412715","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses Andrzej Stasiuk’s 2004 travelogue On the Road to Babadag: Travels in the Other Europe as a work that questions the existing narratives about the region commonly referred to as ‘Central Europe’. The main argument is that by bringing forward an original interpretation of ruins and decay — theorized here as ‘heterotopias of decay’ — Stasiuk’s poetics of villages and small towns from forgotten corners of Europe invites an interrogation of the notion of Central Europe itself. The narrative’s dismissal of the very term ‘Central Europe’, because it disregards the mundane qualities of the everyday, is presented as an original contribution to the debates about this region.","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"9 1","pages":"18 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84215563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Malmedy Massacre. The War Crimes Trial Controversy","authors":"K. C. Priemel","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":"105 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74495769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Căpitan Codreanu: Aufsteig und Fall des rumänischen Faschistenführers","authors":"R. Haynes","doi":"10.1080/14790963.2017.1412733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2017.1412733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41396,"journal":{"name":"Central Europe","volume":"74 1","pages":"100 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80161919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}