Ewha Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Cause of death statistics in 2022 in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"Jung-Hyun Oh, Juhee Seo, Hyun Jung Park","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to describe mortality trends in the Republic of Korea in 2022 by analyzing total deaths, crude and age-standardized mortality rates, as well as age- and sex-specific patterns and changes in cause-specific mortality. The analysis updates previous reports with newly available data from 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationwide death certificate data collected through municipal administrative offices. Deaths occurring in 2022 were aggregated from reports filed over a 16-month period, spanning January 2022 to April 2023. Causes of death were classified according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases. Quality assurance was ensured through administrative record linkage across 22 databases and validation using an independent infant mortality survey. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, Korea recorded 372,939 deaths (the highest annual total since 1983), corresponding to a crude death rate of 727.6 per 100,000 population. This increase contributed to a net population decline of 123,751. Mortality rates rose across most age groups, with particularly marked increases among those aged 1-9 and those aged 80 or older. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became the third leading cause of death (31,280 deaths; 61.0 per 100,000), driven largely by the Omicron variant and heightened infection rates among older adults. Pancreatic cancer overtook stomach cancer in the mortality rankings. There were sharp increases in deaths attributed to Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Although deaths from intentional self-harm declined, suicide remained a significant cause of death among younger individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Korea experienced a record-high mortality rate in 2022, largely due to the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing population aging. Notable shifts in cause-specific mortality were observed, including increases in deaths from Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer, underscoring evolving public health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomized trials: a Korean translation.","authors":"Sally Hopewell, An-Wen Chan, Gary S Collins, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, David Moher, Kenneth F Schulz, Ruth Tunn, Rakesh Aggarwal, Michael Berkwits, Jesse A Berlin, Nita Bhandari, Nancy J Butcher, Marion K Campbell, Runcie C W Chidebe, Diana Elbourne, Andrew Farmer, Dean A Fergusson, Robert M Golub, Steven N Goodman, Tammy C Hoffmann, John P A Ioannidis, Brennan C Kahan, Rachel L Knowles, Sarah E Lamb, Steff Lewis, Elizabeth Loder, Martin Offringa, Philippe Ravaud, Dawn P Richards, Frank W Rockhold, David L Schriger, Nandi L Siegried, Sophie Staniszewska, Rod S Taylor, Lehana Thabane, David Torgerson, Sunita Vohra, Ian R White, Isabelle Boutron","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal associations between air pollution and emergency room visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Korea using a multivariate graph autoencoder modeling approach: an ecological study.","authors":"Sohee Wang, Seungpil Jeong, Eunhee Ha","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal associations between air pollution and emergency room visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in South Korea using a graph autoencoder (GAE). A multivariate graph-based approach was used to uncover seasonal and regional variations in pollutant-disease relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected monthly data from 2022 to 2023, including concentrations of 6 air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM10, and PM2.5) and emergency room visits for 4 disease types: cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to construct adjacency matrices, which, along with normalized feature matrices, were used as inputs to the GAE. The model was trained separately for each month and region to estimate the strength of pollutant-disease associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pollutant-disease network structures exhibited clear seasonal variations. In winter, strong associations were observed between O3, NO2, and all disease outcomes. In spring, PM2.5 and PM10 were strongly linked to cardiac and stroke-related visits. These connections weakened during summer but became more pronounced in autumn, especially for NO2 and cardiac arrest. Urban areas displayed denser and stronger associations than non-urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the necessity for season- and region-specific air quality management strategies. In winter, focused control of O3 and NO2 is needed in urban areas, while in spring, PM mitigation is required in urban and selected rural regions. Autumn NO2 control may be especially beneficial in non-urban areas. Spatiotemporally tailored interventions could reduce the burden of air pollution-related emergency room visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ewha Medical Journal's inclusion in PubMed Central and PubMed, and artificial intelligence and guidelines in this issue.","authors":"Sun Huh","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated early detection of androgenetic alopecia using deep learning on trichoscopic images from a Korean cohort: a retrospective model development and validation study.","authors":"Min Jung Suh, Sohyun Ahn, Ji Yeon Byun","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study developed and validated a deep learning model for the automated early detection of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using trichoscopic images, and evaluated the model's diagnostic performance in a Korean clinical cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study using 318 trichoscopic scalp images labeled by board-certified dermatologists according to the Basic and Specific (BASP) system, collected at Ewha Womans University Medical Center between July 2018 and January 2024. The images were categorized as BASP 0 (no hair loss) or BASP 1-3 (early-stage hair loss). A ResNet-18 convolutional neural network, pretrained on ImageNet, was fine-tuned for binary classification. Internal validation was performed using stratified 5-fold cross-validation, and external validation was conducted through ensemble soft voting on a separate hold-out test set of 20 images. Model performance was measured by accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated for hold-out accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal validation revealed robust model performance, with 4 out of 5 folds achieving an accuracy above 0.90 and an AUC above 0.93. In external validation on the hold-out test set, the ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.03) and an AUC of 0.97, with perfect recall for early-stage hair loss. No missing data were present, and the model demonstrated stable convergence without requiring data augmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This model demonstrated high accuracy and generalizability for detecting early-stage AGA from trichoscopic images, supporting its potential utility as a screening tool in clinical and teledermatology settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion of a G-quadruplex or hairpin structure into the 5' UTR or poly(A) sequences reduces translation efficiency of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site: a preclinical in vitro study.","authors":"Yun Ji Kim, So-Hee Hong","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements, present in both viral and cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), facilitate cap-independent translation by recruiting ribosomes to internal regions of mRNA. This study aimed to investigate the impact of inserting G-quadruplex and hairpin structures into the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and poly(A) sequences on the translation efficiency of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES, using an IRES-based RNA platform encoding OX40L, 4-1BBL, and GFP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>G-quadruplex and hairpin structures, derived from HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) or custom-designed, were synthesized and inserted into the 5' UTR and poly(A) tail regions of EMCV IRES vectors. These constructs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, ligated into plasmids, and transcribed in vitro. B16 melanoma, TC-1 tumor, and HEK293 cells were transfected with these RNA constructs. Protein expression levels were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-transfection by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Statistical analyses employed one-way analysis of variance with the Dunnett test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The insertion of G-quadruplex and hairpin structures altered RNA secondary structure, significantly reducing protein expression. In the 5' UTR, the G-quadruplex nearly abolished OX40L expression (1.18%±0.41% at 6 hours vs. 18.23%±0.16% for control), while the hairpin structure reduced it (16.29%±1.46% vs. 22.84%±1.17%). In the poly(A) tail region, both structures decreased GFP expression across all cell lines (4.86%±1.35% to 7.27%±0.32% vs. 39.56%±2.07% in B16 cells).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inserting G-quadruplex and hairpin structures into EMCV IRES UTRs inhibits translation efficiency, suggesting the need for precise RNA structure modeling to enhance IRES-mediated translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten guidelines for contributors to medical artificial intelligence research.","authors":"Dohyoung Rim","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models: a Korean translation.","authors":"Jack Gallifant, Majid Afshar, Saleem Ameen, Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs, Shan Chen, Giovanni Cacciamani, Dina Demner-Fushman, Dmitriy Dligach, Roxana Daneshjou, Chrystinne Fernandes, Lasse Hyldig Hansen, Adam Landman, Lisa Lehmann, Liam G McCoy, Timothy Miller, Amy Moreno, Nikolaj Munch, David Restrepo, Guergana Savova, Renato Umeton, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Gary S Collins, Karel G M Moons, Leo A Celi, Danielle S Bitterman","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods: a Korean translation.","authors":"Gary S Collins, Karel G M Moons, Paula Dhiman, Richard D Riley, Andrew L Beam, Ben Van Calster, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Xiaoxuan Liu, Johannes B Reitsma, Maarten van Smeden, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Jennifer Catherine Camaradou, Leo Anthony Celi, Spiros Denaxas, Alastair K Denniston, Ben Glocker, Robert M Golub, Hugh Harvey, Georg Heinze, Michael M Hoffman, André Pascal Kengne, Emily Lam, Naomi Lee, Elizabeth W Loder, Lena Maier-Hein, Bilal A Mateen, Melissa D McCradden, Lauren Oakden-Rayner, Johan Ordish, Richard Parnell, Sherri Rose, Karandeep Singh, Laure Wynants, Patricia Logullo","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten guidelines for a healthy life: Korean Medical Association Statement (2017).","authors":"Chul Min Ahn, Jeong-Ho Chae, Jung-Seok Choi, Yong Pil Chong, Byung Chul Chun, Eun Mi Chun, Bo Seung Kang, Dai Jin Kim, Yeol Kim, Jun Soo Kwon, Sang Haak Lee, Won-Chul Lee, Yu Jin Lee, Jong Han Leem, Soo Lim, Saejong Park, Dongwook Shin, Hyeon Woo Yim, Kwang Ha Yoo, Dae Hyun Yoon, Ho Joo Yoon","doi":"10.12771/emj.2025.00696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.00696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41392,"journal":{"name":"Ewha Medical Journal","volume":"48 3","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}