{"title":"Walker’s The Color Purple: Portrayal of Celie’s Struggle from Servitude to Sovereignty","authors":"R. Bhatt","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58340","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to explore Celie’s struggle for independence in a male dominated African American society as depicted in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple (1982). Focusing on the lives of African-American women in the Southern United states during 1930s, it unfolds the events of black male brutality towards black women. It exposes the ways that the central character, Celie, pursues, when she proceeds to her long journey to freedom. Celie passes through a difficult path of racial/patriarchal oppression before she gets sovereignty. She accepts the solidarity of the female community to accomplish her quest for identity. Applying textual inquiry approach, the present paper highlights the role of deep female relationships in the life of Celie, a poor black girl. Celie becomes stronger when she gets support from other women, which helps her to emancipate herself from the evils of patriarchy and sexism. Celie’s freedom goes through physical, then spiritual, and finally economic phases, specifically, when she establishes her own business. Narrating the accounts of under privileged black community, Walker clarifies that ‘womanism’ is the only medium that helps to liberate inconspicuous southern black women from patriarchy and structural racism and sexism. The harsh circumstances are the key factors which make African American community captive and black women’s lives miserable.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116565289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah: Of Hybrid Subjectivity, its Locations and Subverting Potential","authors":"Anuradha Rokaya","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58268","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks into Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah as a postcolonial text. Using the Bhabhaian constructs of “mimicry,” “hybridity” and “the third space,” this paper argues that Adichie’s narrative portrays how the coming together of cultures induces “mimicry” of the cultural norms of the seemingly dominant culture. Owing to this “mimicry” the mimicking characters develop a “hybrid” identity characterized by “ambivalence.” This paper also argues that the location/ site of mimicry and consequent development of hybrid identity are not conditional upon physical migration, or moving beyond the borders of one’s homeland. The tendency to look up to the supposedly dominant culture can prevail within the confines of natives’ own society as well, which is perhaps an indication of the post-colonial society still reeling under the continued colonial influence. Whatever maybe the location of “hybrid” characters, “ambivalence” invariably crops up in their identity. Although ambivalence indicates being indecisive about one’s identity, and about how one looks at the identity of the other, it might also mean emancipation from the burden of restricting and discriminating categories as exemplified by Adichie’s narrative. In the ambivalent state the hybrid subjects can nurture hopes to rise above the assumed purity of cultures. The native- colonial or white-black nexus in this sense may be understood to have steered away from confrontation, and found a way towards reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131554932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth of Nepalese Economy","authors":"K. Kunwar","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to identify the impact of external debt on the GDP of Nepal using a qualitative and quantitative research design (mixed design). The test of the unit root of the series is the first step in determining whether the data are stationary or not. An augmented Dicky-Fuller unit root test and a co-integration test are employed to check the relationship of the variables under study. This study reveals that LNED, LNGFCF, LNTR, LNEXP, LNREM, and LNBRATE are insignificant. The coefficient of LNED (-0.82) implies that a 1 percent increase in external debt leads to a decrease of 0.82 percent in gross domestic production, just as a 1 percent increase in gross fixed capital formation contributes to an increase of 3.28 percent in GDP. other macroeconomic variables like the coefficient of LNTR (-3.78) imply that a 1 percent increase in total revenue decreases 3.78 percent in GDP; the coefficient of LNEXP (2.93) implies that a 1 percent increase in government expenditure increases 2.93 percent in GDP. In the same way, LNREM and LNBRATE contribute negatively to GDP. The speed of adjustment from the previous year’s disequilibrium in GDP added to the current year’s equilibrium is only 20.63 percent. Heteroscedasticity test: Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey and normality test are greater than 5 percent, which is desirable. So, this model is free from heteroscedasticity. The residual is normally distributed. The model is robust and stable, as both the lines’ long-run and short-run coefficients are acceptable over the study period from 1974/1975 to 2019/20. The diagnostic tests confirm that the models have the desired econometric properties.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134078385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Practices of Monitoring Mechanism in Local Government","authors":"Min Bahadur Shahi","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to evaluate the existing practices of monitoring system and explore the perception of stakeholders towards the monitoring mechanism of the local government. Additionally, it assesses the strengths and weaknesses of monitoring system of the local government provisioned by the Act (LGOA-2017) in Nepal. The paper applies a descriptive research design, as well as in-depth interviews to justify its findings. Separate questionnaire schedules were used to collect information from both service providers and recipients. Similarly, a tested observation checklist was used to assess the compliance with the current monitoring actions of the study area. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools using the SPSS computing technique. The findings of the study show that local governments have not adequately followed the monitoring practices and processes. However, the elected representatives and the citizens have taken monitoring action as a positive way. It appears that monitoring mechanism has served as a tool for local governance activities and service delivery. Yet, local governments have not prioritized monitoring tools as a governance compliance strategy. It is necessary to institutionalize the monitoring mechanism for effective service delivery.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stomatal Variation in Wheat-Thinopyrum elongatum Disomic Addition Lines","authors":"Homnath Khatiwada, Deepak Raj Pant, Giri Prasad Joshi","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58276","url":null,"abstract":"Stomatal characteristics are inconsistent and greatly influenced by genetics of the plant and environmental conditions. Present study aimed to determine the impact of addition of a pair of chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum (2n=14, Genome EE) to common wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. “Chinese Spring”; 2n=42, Genome AABBDD) on stomatal characteristics. Altogether, seven Wheat-Th. elongatum disomic addition lines and a control (Chinese Spring) were used to characterize the density, length, and width of stomata, and the total stomatal area in normal and flag leaves by using leaf impression method. The leaf impressions were made from the middle of the leaves of different wheat lines. The leaves used for impression cast were of the same age. Stomatal density was measured in terms of number of stomata under the field of vision at 400X magnification, while the size (length and width) measurements of individual stomata were done by using ImageJ software. With the exception of flag leaves of 1E disomic addition line, the total stomatal area in leaves of all the lines were significantly lower than that in the control, irrespective of leaf types (normal or flag). These results indicate the potential role of additional chrormosomes of Th. elongatum in stress tolerance in wheat.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127459576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives of Teachers Towards Students with Diverse Disability: A Case of Special School in Kailali District","authors":"Narayan Datta Bhatta","doi":"10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/fwr.v1i1.58332","url":null,"abstract":"Working with differently able children in the classroom is challenging in under-resourced contexts for Nepal teachers. This study explores teachers’ perceptions toward managing the diversity of the students in terms of disability, teaching-learning activities, assessment practices, and interpersonal skills in a special school. This qualitative study adopts a case study design. In-depth Interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and participant observation were the major methods for data collection. Six teachers (three ordinary and three with disability) for FGD and two key informants (head teacher and chairperson) were selected purposively for in-depth Interviews from a special school located at Attariya in Kailali district. The study shows that teachers have positive perceptions toward disabilities, especially teachers with disability. Teachers have invested efforts in managing diversity in instruction and in assessment; however, it is challenging due to the traditional approach of teaching and evaluation, lack of training and resources, and the gap between policies and practices. The study further indicates that teachers’ positive perceptions and extracurricular activities are crucial for developing students’ interpersonal skills.","PeriodicalId":413365,"journal":{"name":"Far Western Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126420522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
