Agricultural Economic Report Series最新文献

{"title":"PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF BEAN PRODUCTION IN HONDURAS","authors":"C. Tshering","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10936","url":null,"abstract":"In Honduras, dry beans are the second most important staple crop, next to maize, in terms of both production and consumption. During the past decade, agricultural scientists in Honduras, in collaboration with Bean/Cowpea CRSP scientists, have released numerous new varieties, developed improved bean-management practices, and actively worked with governmental agencies, NGOs, and farmer groups to ensure that these improved technologies are widely available to farmers. However, data on national bean production in Honduras fail to demonstrate that agricultural research has had an impact on bean production, yields, and area harvested. Given the situation, profitability analysis represents an alternative approach for assessing the farm-level impact of research. This study analyzes the record keeping data collected from Honduran bean farmers in the main bean-growing regions during the period 1998-2000. The study assesses cost and pattern of input and labor use, and analyzes the profitability of bean production for farmers growing traditional and improved bean varieties. Further, the study identifies ways to improve record keeping studies to reduce the cost of future data collection. The analysis showed that among the sample of farmers included in the record keeping surveys, farmers growing modern varieties had higher average yields and earned higher profits or suffered less loss than the farmers growing traditional varieties. However, the difference in yield for the traditional and modern farmers was statistically not significant (at 5% significance level) for three out of five of the data sets. The sensitivity analyses on enterprise gross margin showed that for traditional farmers, gross margins were more sensitive to yield and price changes than for modern farmers. The study found that none of the farmers in the sample completely followed the recommended practices for bean production and that the major share of the total production cost consisted of labor cost. It recommends that in the future, efforts to assess profitability should utilize a single-round (post-harvest) or a two-round (mid-season and post-harvest) survey and the sample size should be increased to at least 26 farmers for each farmer group (i.e., adopters and non- adopters of improved bean varieties). Furthermore, it is recommended that the standard labor parameters--which were computed from the pooled data sets--should be used to estimate total labor cost and labor cost by type of farming operations. The study suggests that in the future, possible farmers to be included in the survey should be pre-screened to insure that all \"traditional\" and all \"modern\" farmers are relatively homogenous with respect to inputs used and the sample should include only farmers with a bean area of 0.50 hectare or more. Finally, additional research is needed to better understand what factors are responsible for the high variability in farmers yields, why few farmers follow the recommended bean production pr","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125099325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM MICHIGAN AND ILLINOIS","authors":"L. Robison, M. Siles, Janet L. Bokemeier, David A. Beveridge, Michael D. Fimmen, Phyllis T. H. Grummon, Carol P. Fimmen","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10943","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital is a resource increasingly recognized as having important economic and social consequences. Robison and Siles (1999) examined some of these consequences at the U.S. state level and this study extends their efforts. Their 1999 study found important connections between the distributions of social capital and the distributions of household incomes. This study asks if the relationships between social capital and household incomes discovered at the state level are also present at the community level.","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123975316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FARM RESTRUCTURING IN KAZAKHSTAN: AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS APPROACH","authors":"Kelley Cormier","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10949","url":null,"abstract":"Broad institutional changes, which occurred after Kazakhstan separated from the Soviet Union in 1991, direct performance in the agricultural sector by either creating costs for farmers or shifting costs away. First, the new government called for mass decollectivization that resulted in the emergence of private farm governance structures that were neither financially viable nor efficient. Second, in 1995, a Land Code was established that introduced a system to demarcate collective and state farmland, yet land remains the property of the state. Third, bankruptcy legislation and a rural tax system were designed for the new private farm enterprises. These broad institutional changes resulted in an agricultural sector with high levels of transaction costs and uncertainty for farmers where barter trade predominates on the open market. The problems inherent in the farm restructuring process are largely institutional and therefore lend themselves well to being analyzed within an institutional framework.","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michigan Tart Cherry Processors: Issues and Strategy","authors":"Lourdes R. Martinez, S. Thornsbury","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10928","url":null,"abstract":"Michigan accounts for approximately 70 percent of the total number of tart cherry processing firms in the U.S. Changes in preferences of consumers and increasing participation of global competitors are driving down demand for traditional tart cherry products and imposing new pressures on the U.S. industry, particularly in Michigan. The objective of this report is to document main characteristics of the tart cherry processing industry in Michigan; namely, business characteristics, category of products, supply sources, and market outlets. Also, the study aims to assess business strategies and future expectations for the industry in Michigan. Interviews with managers of tart cherry processing companies were conducted to document the objectives of this research. For the purpose of this project only processing companies that at the time of the interviews reported processing raw tart cherries were contacted. Nineteen firms were selected from the Cherry Marketing Institute 2003 Statistical Handbook (CMI, 2003) and contacted for personal interviews in 2004. The scope of the study allows the results to present an important description of the tart cherry processing industry in Michigan. Moreover, results are useful indicators of where the industry's current position and challenges that participants perceive will be the most important in the future.","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126233949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CUSTOM MACHINE WORK RATES IN MICHIGAN","authors":"B. Dartt, G. Schwab","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126687644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National and International Factors in Pickle Markets","authors":"Lourdes R. Martinez, S. Thornsbury, Tomokazu Nagai","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.10938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.10938","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents global and domestic information regarding production, trade and market developments for pickled cucumbers. U.S. cucumber production and trade are commonly divided into two categories: fresh and pickling. Michigan is the largest producer of pickling cucumbers in the country, accounting for 18 percent of total U.S. production. Like many agri-food industries, this processed product sector has gone through numerous changes in the past decade which have influenced production and marketing trends, and assessing the influence of individual factors is difficult. However, using production and trade data it is possible to infer some possible drivers of trends and outcomes for the industry. Year-round supply from other countries, quality products at more competitive prices, changing consumer preferences, and more service-oriented business models have introduced new marketing structures likely to continue driving future trade and production patterns. The information presented in this report is important in order to assess competitiveness and develop a broad and well-informed perspective for the pickling industry in Michigan. The report is structured as follows: first, we present information on global volume produced in the period 1992 to 2004, including rates of change in production and shares of total world production by country. Second, we compare total acreage trends in the U.S and production and acreage trends in Michigan during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Third, we highlight information on pickled cucumber import and export volumes by country. Finally, we present a brief description of historic trends in food marketing and globalization that are likely to continue influencing the pickling industry in the future.","PeriodicalId":412582,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economic Report Series","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116005061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}