IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)最新文献

{"title":"GPS surveying at CPCC's Mojave cement plant: real-time kinetic surveying-generating real-time savings","authors":"L. Mercy","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934128","url":null,"abstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite surveying has produced real savings in time and money for CPC's Mojave plant. The measurement of ore and raw material stockpile volumes, as well as the locations of quarry shots, utility lines or other features all require accurate surveys on a routine basis. The time required for surveying can be substantial; but, the advent of GPS surveying has significantly reduced this time requirement. This paper compares CPC's past experiences with conventional surveying, using a theodolite or total station instrument with a two-person survey crew, with our current one-person GPS surveying practices. There is a brief discussion of the basic surveying theory and procedures used by both methods, and an overview of the different types of surveying projects we perform using the GPS. The paper concludes by illustrating the cost and time savings the Mojave plant has realized through the use of GPS surveying over conventional surveying.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen enrichment at Cemex's Victorville plant","authors":"C.A. Gotro","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the recent efforts undertaken to enhance clinker production from two different kiln system configurations at the Victorville plant, USA. General market conditions in the Southwest US over the last several years have left the plant clinker capacity limited. This brings into play the economic equations for using oxygen to increase production.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122794178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialized coal and pet-coke firing pipe design","authors":"C. Greco","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses specialized coal and pet-coke-firing, viewing the design of customized combustion systems in order to meet client's specific requirements. This is an approach to combustion subject that is becoming well known and widely accepted all over the world, fitting particularly well when the combustion takes place inside a clinker rotary kiln. The best way to perform this approach is by means of dimensionless indexes, which characterize macroscopically the result of a wide variety of simultaneous chemical reactions, and phenomena of heat, mass and momentum transfer. The most significant dimensionless indexes, which help tremendously in the combustion system design, are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124993244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen enrichment at the TXI Midlothian cement plant","authors":"G. Mayes","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934118","url":null,"abstract":"A facility’s decision to use oxygen enrichment is influenced. by a number of site specific factors. Although current trials are underway to prove other benefits of oxygen enrichment, the primary reason to use oxygen enrichment is to increase kiln production and net profit for the operation. The main factors influencing this decision are market demand balance, selling price of cement, cost of oxygen delivered to the plant, plant design, and of course environmental regulations. TXl’s Midlothian Plant began using oxygen enrichment in August 1997. The Midlothian plant is in a unique position of producing several types of clinker while utilizing liquid recycle fuels, TXl’s patented CemStarSM process and oxygen enrichment, all at the same time. This makes precise ongoing evaluation of the effects of any single variable a difficuA job. When TXI originally evaluated oxygen enrichmentl, it showed a clinker production increase. A controlled test would be the best way to validate the magnitude of the production increase from oxygen enrichment. However, because of the production demands of the Texas cement market and the significant effects on clinker production from each of the previously mentioned variables, no specific controlled testing has been conducted at TXl’s Midlothian Cement Plant since the original evaluation of oxygen enrichment. In July, 2000, a power outage at the oxygen supplier’s facility allowed TXI to see the effects of operating without oxygen enrichment. As a resuli of these power curtailments, the oxygen supplier could not provide oxygen to TXI for about 3 days. TXI ran all four kilns without the benefit of oxygen enrichment for about three days. This event lasted from July 18 to July 20. This situation, even though it was a shortterm event, was an indicator of the benefits of oxygen enrichment and was consistent with the original testing results. This paper will compare July 2000 operational data with and without oxygen enrichment. The operational parameters, production rates and stack emissions were all evaluated and the results will be presented. Overall, this event shows that oxygen enrichment does increase clinker production. 0-7803-6501 l / O l / $ l O . O O 02001 IEEE. 289 Introduction TXI operates four long wet kilns at the Midlothian cement facility. The first kiln was built in 1960 and the fourth was completed in 1972. Currently TXl’s Midlothian Cement Plant produces 2 types of clinker and 11 types of cement. TXI has utilized natural gas, fuel oil, coal and coke, and liquid recycle fuel to fire its kilns at different times since operations began in 1960. The Midlothian kilns operate with a coavcoke blend as the primary fuel and liquid recycle fuels and natural gas as supplemental fuels. Typically, the coaVcoke blend makes up about 60% of the kiln heat input with natural gas and liquid recycle fuels making up the remainder of the heat requirement. TXI uses a single source for coal and natural gas so the heating values from thes","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121363390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonics and system natural frequencies","authors":"Yousin Tang, A. Wu","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934098","url":null,"abstract":"High harmonic contents in power distribution systems are usually due to system resonances at harmonic frequencies. This paper investigates harmonic resonance related problems under various system operating conditions using an accurate computer model. Three harmonic reduction methods are examined to observe their effectiveness. These methods are installation of harmonic filters, harmonic cancellation by the /spl Delta///spl Delta/ and /spl Delta//Y transformer configuration, and low voltage capacitor resizing. To demonstrate these applications, an actual industrial distribution system with field harmonic measurements is presented. The results of the case study are also presented.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126824341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsule pipeline transport using an electromagnetic drive","authors":"B. Montgomery, S. Fairfax, B. Smith","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934103","url":null,"abstract":"Development of our electromagnetic capsule pipeline system was initiated by the desire of the Florida Phosphate Industry to find a cost effective way to reduce the environmental impact of conventional transportation of their very large quantities of material. Typical ore applications would use an underground pair of 610 mm diameter pipes for outbound and returning capsules, and would typically carry 10 millions tons per year over a distance of 2 to 50 km. Preliminary economic studies have shown a satisfactory return on capital and have resulted in a willingness of the phosphate industry to undertake a significant R&D program. A demonstration project which uses a linear synchronous motor to move capsules has been constructed at IMC-Global, a phosphate mining company in Lakeland, FL. The demonstration project utilizes 275 m of 610 mm diameter centrifugal cast fiberglass pipe, and contains a 60 m long accelerator/decelerator section, a switch, and load and unload stations. The test vehicle traverses back and forth, obtaining a peak speed of 18 m/s. The 2.4 m wheelbase vehicle uses six-wheel assemblies at each end of a rotating hopper, and has a payload capacity of 270 kg. The paper reports on the performance of the system during the test program carried out to date in which the basic feasibility of the design has been demonstrated. Plans are described for the follow-on test program intended to provide an indication of component lifetimes. Results from an economic model are presented and show the potential for an attractive return on investment for future applications in the phosphate and other ore transport industries.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134387685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen enrichment for cement kiln firing","authors":"J. Friday","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934115","url":null,"abstract":"The use of oxygen enrichment to increase clinker production has been well documented. Oxygen enrichment has also proven beneficial in controlling and maintaining stable kiln operations. This paper compares theoretical calculations with practical experience in the use of oxygen enrichment in cement kilns. Considering a wet process kiln, the performance of oxygen enrichment can be predicted when the concepts of high grade and low grade energy are utilized in their respective thermal zones. These concepts are used to predict the benefits of oxygen enrichment to increase clinker production and also maximize the potential substitution of waste-derived fuels for fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124946568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coke and coal grinding in a ball race mill. Operational features","authors":"C. Schossow","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a general description of the modern ball race mill, describes how shot coke is ground in this mill type, and finally concludes with the test results from an industrial grinding plant.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120945141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating process gas analysis and production control","authors":"P. Arnold, K. B. Floor","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934126","url":null,"abstract":"Gas analyses have an increasingly important role in production control of today's cement plants. The need to closely monitor a plant's environmental impact as well as the need to operate the plant as efficiently as possible both require dependable and accurate gas composition measurements throughout the process. As the importance of the analyses has grown, so has the need to integrate the gas sampling equipment and sensors into the overall process control strategy. This paper reviews key gas analysis concepts and provides a road map to show how to use these analyses as a tool for improving quality, improving reliability, lowering costs and reducing emissions. The approach is summarized as an integration pyramid that shows the vertical integration of equipment, maintenance, process, production and management functions into a total plant solution.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lone Star's unique approach to environmental challenges [cement plant air pollution control]","authors":"T. Menke, O. L. Jepsen, B. Keefe","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2001.934107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2001.934107","url":null,"abstract":"Annually in the USA, 20 million t of cement clinker are still produced by wet process kilns. This is approximately 20% of all clinker produced in the USA. Conventional wisdom dictates that expansion of existing wet process kilns will occur via conversion to the dry process or by the abandonment of wet kilns in favor of completely new dry process lines. However, under increasingly stringent emissions requirements, this conventional wisdom is being challenged - particularly if the raw materials contain significant amounts of organic carbon and/or pyritic sulfur. This paper presents a case study of Lone Star's Greencastle, Indiana plant, at which, it is successfully demonstrated that the plant's increased clinker demands are much more cost-effectively achieved by a 'partial' conversion of the wet plant to a semi-dry process rather than a completely dry preheater/calciner process.","PeriodicalId":412513,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCA 2001 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37150)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114929340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}