Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere最新文献

{"title":"LA SPECIALE NATURA DEI SOGNI E I DIRITTI DEGLI ANIMALI NEI TRÄUME DI JOHANN GOTTLOB KRÜGER (1754)","authors":"E. Agazzi","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.806","url":null,"abstract":"Without a doubt, the issue of animal rights has now become part of the socio-cultural perspective in a much stronger moral and legal sense than in the past, in the wake of the “animal turn” of the early 90s of the last century. One aspect that has been most debated since ancient times is, however, whether animals have a soul and whether the lack of speech can be considered a symptom of a completely inferior capacity for reasoning. The era of the European Enlightenment certainly showed a peak of interest in this debate, especially on the basis of scientific experiments carried out on animals, but also on the basis of reflections on the natural law of living beings. In Germany, as part of the medical studies in Halle, Johann Gottlob Krüger distinguished himself for having grasped the importance of the considerations - albeit sometimes paradoxical - that had emerged in the context of several interdisciplinary symposiums held in Leipzig at the beginning of the years’ 40 of the eighteenth century on the theme of the soul of animals. The classical philologist Johann Heinrich Winkler had published them later, in 1745, in a volume entitled Philosophische Untersuchungen von dem Seyn und Wesen der Seelen der Thiere […], already preceded by another from 1742, dedicated to a similar topic. The point of interest, however, consists in the particular literary strategy with which Krüger returns these debates of an academic nature, taking advantage of the register of satire to make animals and men and animals of various species interact with each other. In the fictitious dimension of the dream, in which the Hallense physician situates these disputes, it is possible to retrace the various theoretical stages that in the philosophical field accompanied the development of the vexata quaestio relating to the soul of animals, reviewing the positions of Girolamo Rorario (1485-1556), of the surgeon Girolamo Fabrici d’Acquapendente (1533-1619), of Montaigne (1533-1592), of Descartes (1596-1650) and of the iatroteologist Michael Alberti (1682-1757). What matters most, however, are the absurd theoretical justifications that human thought pushes to legitimize its unfair attitude towards the animal world, well highlighted in Krüger’s literary dreams.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124837976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESSERE UMANI","authors":"E. Boncinelli","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.818","url":null,"abstract":"What does “human” mean in the age of artificial intelligence and the digital revolution? Why do we feel the need to say «let’s stay human»? Where will our evolutionary process take us? The extraordinary multiplicity and diversity of what constitutes us - organic matter, brain, mind, consciousness, emotions - makes the answer difficult, especially in definitive terms. The human is configured as an always open construction site, of great complexity and in continuous evolution.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126416874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DANTE TRA L’AMBROSIANA E IL LOMBARDO","authors":"G. Frasso","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.822","url":null,"abstract":"Giovanni Galbiati, “Prefetto” of the Ambrosian Library from 1924 to 1951, effective member of the Istituto Lombardo since 1928, chaired the Milanese Committee of the Italian Dante Society from 1935 to 1944. Close to fascism, he organized, and then edited, the publication of numerous Dante’s conferences promoted by the Milanese Committee. These conferences, moving very often, like many of Galbiati’s premises to the volumes, on the cultural lines of the fascist party, illustrate in an exemplary negative way, how Dante’s work could be bent to interests and ends completely unrelated to it.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115798628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DANTE E LA LOMBARDIA","authors":"Francesco Spera","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.823","url":null,"abstract":"The essay is divided into two parts. The first deals with the presence of Lombardy in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. Some characters of Lombard origin are analyzed and also the allusions to the Lombard capital, Milan. We come to the conclusion that the characters, the cities, the Lombard principalities have a lot of prominence in Dante’s work. The author sees in this region a multiplicity of civil, cultural and political experiences far superior to other Italian regions (even if Tuscany and Florence have a more relevant presence). The second part briefly investigates the fact that the renewed interest in Dante originates in the early nineteenth century in Milan, where several editions of his works are printed and comments and studies are developed. It is also important to point out that the interpretation of Dante as the first and greatest Italian writer must be framed in the Italian culture of the first decades of the nineteenth century, when romantic poetics arrived in Italy and at the same time the ideas of the Risorgimento spread, so much so that we trace in those same decades Dantesque influences also in the creative works of writers and artists from the Lombardy area.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123836886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FILOSOFIA E SCIENZA AD INIZIO DEL XXI SECOLO","authors":"Piero Di Giovanni","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.819","url":null,"abstract":"I. The relationship between philosophy and science is one of the central themes of Western culture, dating back to the physiology of the Pre-Socratics. This relationship involves another theme of enormous importance, consisting in the relationship between philosophy and theology, or between reason and faith, in a dimension that is, so to speak, secular. Philosophy represents the search for truth that human beings carry out through the organ of pure faculty. Therefore philosophy over time has always felt the need to face the results achieved by the physical-mathematical disciplines, based on the need to achieve the truth with the principles of observation and experiment too. At the beginning of the 21st century or, if we prefer, the third millennium, the relationship between philosophy and science is essential, if, among other things, it is considered necessary to reflect on the connotation of philosophy and the sciences. In this historical context, the need emerges to reflect above all on the destiny of humanity, dominated by the barbarism of war and social inequalities.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116881793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PER L’ANNIVERSARIO DI UN GRANDE POETA: ANDREA ZANZOTTO E I SUOI AUTOGRAFI","authors":"Francesco Venturi","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.809","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the main features of Andrea Zanzotto’s poetry (1921-2011) and scrutinises the poet’s manuscripts kept at the University of Pavia’s Centro Manoscritti di Autori Moderni e Contemporanei. The analysis specifically focuses on the intricate genetic and elaborative processes underlying Zanzotto’s ‘trilogy’ or ‘pseudo-trilogy’, composed of three poetry collections published in nearly a decade, Il Galateo in Bosco (1978), Fosfeni (1983), and Idioma (1986).","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122744117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SALVATORE VECA","authors":"A. Martinelli, S. Beretta","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.820","url":null,"abstract":"Non disponibile.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"420 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALFONSO CORTI: L’UOMO, LA VITA, LE OPERE","authors":"E. Mira","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. – Marquis Alfonso Corti di Santo Stefano Belbo, descendant from a rich and noble family of Lombardy and Piedmont, described for the first time, in 1851, a series of cellular structures of the inner ear, basic for the auditory function, now known as “Corti’s organ”. Corti, born in Gambarana near Pavia on June 25, 1822, enrolled in 1841as a medical student at the University of Pavia. Here his favorite study was microanatomy, under professors Bartolomeo Panizza and Mauro Rusconi. In 1845, Corti moved to Vienna to complete his medical studies and to work at the Anatomical institute of the University under the supervision of professor Joseph Hyrtl and in August 1847 received the degree in medicine, with a thesis on the cardiovascular system of a lizard, the Psammosaurus griseus. At the end of December 1847 Corti was chosen as Hyrtl’s second prosector, but he soon had to relinquish this position. With the outbreak of the 1848 Revolution he left Vienna and, after a brief military service in Italy, from February to August 1849 was in Bern, where he began his own-microscopic studies in collaboration with the physiologist Gustav Gabriel Valentin. Except for a trip to England, where he met some important microscopists, Corti spent the rest of 1849 with his relatives in Paris, working at the Institute of Anatomy of the Sorbonne. In the middle of January 1850, Corti left for Wurzburg Institute of Anatomy, directed by Albert Kölliker, where he began to work on the mammalian auditory system. In August 1850 Corti spent a short time at the Observatorium microscopicum in Utrech, then he returned to Würzburg and later to Paris, to complete his study of at least 200 cochleas of man and different animals. His famous paper, “Recherches sur l’organe de l’ouie des mammiferes”, appeared in 1851 in Kölliker’s journal Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie. After the publication Corti left Paris for Turin where he had to interrupt his scientific work in order to deal with the division of his father estate. Suddenly and inexplicably, Corti gave up any scientific activity and disappeared from the scientific world. In 1855 Corti married Maria Bettinzoli, lady of noble birth, who presented him with a daughter Bianca, and a son Gaspare, but in 1861 she died, leaving him with the responsibility of rearing the children. Corti spent the rest of his life as a country nobleman and selected winegrower in his Villa Mazzolino in Corvino San Quirico near Casteggio, soon restricted in his mobility due to a severe arthritis deformans, and died in Corvino on October 2, 1876. After Corti brought his relations with his anatomist colleagues in 1854, his stature began to fade. During the second half of the 19th century, Corti’s Recherches were cited more and more in articles and treatises on otology, but the memory of their author has been lost. Corti passed like a meteor in the scientific world of the mid 19th century and it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that som","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126810245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL MAGISTRATO DI SANITÀ DELLO STATO DI MILANO (1534-1786) E LE SUE POLITICHE SANITARIE","authors":"L. Antonielli","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.815","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to explain how the State of Milan protected itself from epidemics (particularly the plague) and epizootics in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Magistrate of Health (Magistrato di Sanità), which operated from 1534 to 1786, was the organization in charge of this responsibility. The primary objective is to study this magistrature's internal structure, authority, and capacity of involving local communities in preventative action. The second goal is to outline how this magistracy was able to swiftly establish strict sanitary cordons that, despite the era's limited scientific understanding, partially protected the State of Milan from epidemics and epizootics.","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129235882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL GRUPPO EQUESTRE DI OLDRADO DA TRESSENO NEL BROLETTO DI MILANO","authors":"S. Lomartire","doi":"10.4081/lettere.2022.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/lettere.2022.817","url":null,"abstract":"equestrian statue depicting Oldrado da Tresseno (1233), ostentatiously placed in a niche in the centre of the southern façade of the 13th-century Palazzo della Ragione in the Broletto in Milan, represents one of the first large equestrian monuments of the mediaeval age and an early inspiration to those of Antiquity. Described and commented on, as early as the 14th century (Galvano Fiamma), as a self-celebratory portrait by a podestà, the relief, as widely acknowledged by critics, especially in the 20th century, undoubtedly presents stylistic features ascribable to the Antelami workshop and indeed at times attributed directly to Benedetto Antelami. This study proposes, also following other interventions by the author, the attribution to a sculptor who worked with Antelami in Parma, and who executed some works at the Cathedral of Reggio Emilia, the Cathedral of Fidenza and the Church of St. Andrew in Vercelli. Having confirmed the stylistic characteristics of the staute and briefly examined the historical figure of Oldrado, this essay intends to indicate, also in the light of the inscription engraved under the aedicule that hosts it, how the real reasons for the creation of this sculptural monument do not lie in the desire for self-assertion of the person depicted, but in the symbolic representation of the role and functions of the foreign official whose task it is to govern the city annually, and in particular the administration of justice. In this, the monument constitutes the figurative counterpart of the theoretical reflection that constituted the subject matter of a wide range of treatises produced around the first half of the 13th century on the subject of city government. The theory of the transposition of imperial prerogatives into the figure of the podestà, especially in matters of justice, finds its place in this doctrinaire strand. Hence the reference to the monarchical institution that must find expression in the conduct of the actions and lifestyle of the podestà and even in the municipal palace, likened to a palace, in the same terms used in the inscription under the statue of Oldrado to describe the Town Hall. The doctrinal literature, as well as part of the inscription itself, also refer to legal terms derived from Roman sources of law. All this clarifies the significance of the presence in the aedicule of the large painted eagle above the equestrian statue, symbolising superior imperial power. This element too, in addition to those mentioned, thus contributes to the recognition of the references to equestrian statuary of Antiquity (the Marcus Aurelius in Rome and the 'Regisole' in Pavia) from which Oldrado’s monument is partly inspired. Finally, the analysis was extended to the numerous traces of polychromy that have been brought to light by the recent restorations to the entire complex, and which make it possible to reconstruct the probable original layout of the sculpted relief, in which the sumptuous robes of the podestà, not of","PeriodicalId":412131,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}