Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series最新文献

{"title":"Rheological modeling of pasta dough flow processes in channels of convergent-divergent inserts of molding matrix","authors":"V. Grudanov, A. B. Torgan, V. Barsukov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-111-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-111-121","url":null,"abstract":"One of efficient directions for pasta press designs modernization is installation of special conical-and-cylindrical inserts in the matrix wells in front of the dies having, like Venturi tubes, narrowing zones (convergent), expansion (divergent) and a cylindrical path located between them. However, rheological aspects of such method of forming tool modernizing in relation to pasta presses have not been studied, recommendations for structural elements calculation and design have not been developed. All this is a significant obstacle for using the method in engineering and industrial practice. The research purpose is to develop rheological models the pasta dough flow in the conical-cylindrical channels of convergent-divergent inserts and to evaluate with their help the impact of structural dimensions and rheological properties on resistance to pasta dough flow. Pasta dough was considered as a rheological complex nonlinearly viscous plastic material. In technical calculations contribution of shear strength was neglected and a rheological analysis was performed using the Oswald-de-Vila power law equation. Analytical dependences obtained make it possible to calculate the pressure drops in the convergent-divergent insert and its elements. Numerical modeling was performed and calculated data were obtained regarding the impact of dimensions of structural elements of the insert and rheological parameters of pasta dough on its resistance to viscous flow. The results obtained can form the basis of engineering and technological calculations in design of convergent-divergent inserts for laboratory and industrial matrices of pasta presses.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72751032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and species composition of septariosis in crops of spring triticale varieties in Belarus","authors":"V. Radivon, A. Zhukovsky","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-51-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-51-61","url":null,"abstract":"Septoria leaf and head blotch is the most economically significant disease of grain crops in Belarus, as it is annually observed in crops and is highly harmful. Spring triticale is a perspective crop in our country with a high yield potential and grain quality, which, as known, decreases due to diseases development. There is little information on the varieties disease susceptibility, development peculiarities and species composition of septoria blotch of spring triticale, which determined the relevance of our research subject. The paper presents the results of studies in 2015-2019 on susceptibility of spring triticale varieties Uzor, Doublet, Sadko to septoria leaf and head blotch, peculiarities of the disease development depending on weather conditions were revealed and the species composition of pathogens of septoria leaf blotch was determined. It has been determined that severity of septoria leaf blotch by the end of early – soft dough of grain stage reached 36.6 %. Based on calculation of area under the disease progress curve, no significant differences were found in severity of septoria leaf blotch depending on the variety. Severity of septoria head blotch reached 22.7 % by the end of growing season. Direct dependences of septoria leaf and head blotch development on the amount of precipitation have been established, and a close correlation between the severity of septoria head blotch and septoria leaf blotch has been revealed. The species composition of septoria leaf blotch is represented by the fungi Parastagonospora nodorum, Parastagonospora avenae f. sp. triticae and Zymoseptoria tritici. The dominant species was P. nodorum, its frequency reached 99.2 % depending on the variety and growth stage of spring triticale, the second most common fungus was P. avenae f. sp. triticae - up to 58.6 %. For the first time in our country, in-depth research has been carried out to study septoria leaf and head blotch of spring triticale, the results obtained will serve as the basis for development of a protection system.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77863136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining potato microtubers in a liquid nutrient medium","authors":"D. Volkov, D. Daurov, A. Daurova, Z. Abay, K. Zhapar, K. Zhambakin, M. Shamekova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-4-432-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-4-432-442","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining virus-free potato seed material in Kazakhstan is mainly carried out using the method of isolation of apical meristems with the subsequent production of test-tube plants from them on an agar nutrient medium and the further formation of minitubers in greenhouse. Obtaining microtubers from meristem plants in production of potato seed material in vitro is not carried out, although this method is one of the most successful methods for increasing the potato material in vitro . Based on the above issue, we’ve set a goal to optimize the MS liquid nutrient medium for obtaining potato microtubers in vitro from meristem plants with the prospect of introducing this procedure into the process of obtaining seed material at seed farms. The paper presents new data applicable at the initial stages of potato seed production, for production of the first tuberous generation of healthy material, in particular, for replication of plants in vitro and production of microtubers. The results are presented on analysis of morphometric data of plant development in vitro obtained at cultivation of single-bud potato cuttings on ten variants of the Murashige-Skuga liquid medium with various combinations of sucrose concentrations (20 and 30 g/l), kinetin (0,2 and 4 mg/l), gibberellic acid (0, 0,5 and 1 mg/l) in 220 ml glass vessels. The perfect liquid nutrient medium for obtaining developed potato plants in vitro for further production of microtubers has been defined. Efficiency of liquid nutrient medium for obtaining potato microtubers has been determined when growing plants in vitro USING media with various combinations of concentrations of sucrose (60 and 90 g/l), kinetin (0 and 2 mg/l) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0 and 5 mg/l). The results of the study can form the basis for cultivation of plants in a bioreactor with the purpose of mass production of virus-free potato microtubers.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73128690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of feed nitrogen by young pigs of meat genotypes, depending on metabolizable energy and available essential amino acids level in diet","authors":"V. A. Roshchin","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-3-331-338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-3-331-338","url":null,"abstract":"In the system of high-grade nutrition of pigs, the completeness of compound feeds with metabolizable energy and essential amino acids is of paramount importance. Breeding of modern breeds and lines of pigs with high meat productivity makes it necessary to study the peculiarities of providing these nutrients for the animals. It is known that different breeds of pigs, particularly those with different productivity trends, use dietary protein in different ways. Study of features of nitrogen use by pigs of bred in the republic breeds and lines in compound feeds with different completeness of essential amino acids, in particular, lysine and its ratio with metabolizable energy, is relevant for development of standards for their amino acid nutrition in order to maximize their genetic potential of high meat productivity. The paper presents experimental materials on study of the dynamics of nitrogen deposition in body of animals, its release into environment, as well as peculiarities of deposition and use of it for the synthesis of muscle tissue in body of pigs at fattening of three genotypes - Duroc breed, Large white and Belarusian meat breeds. It has been determined that limiting factors of protein synthesis in pigs with adequate level of metabolizable energy are the intake of the required amount of available amino acids with the feed and the genetically determined rate of its deposition. Feed nitrogen was used better by pigs of the Belarusian meat breed and Duroc in comparison with pigs of Large white breed. The most efficient use of feed nitrogen was shown by gilts fed with compound feed with 0.71 g of available lysine per 1 MJ of metabolizable energy. The data obtained during the research on feed nitrogen used by animals of meat genotypes reveal the mechanism of interaction of energy and amino acid nutrition, which is of great importance for development of pig feeding standards considering the breed and trend of productivity. Acknowledgments. The research has been carried out within the framework of the State Program of applied research “Animal Breeding and Veterinary Medicine”.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76966391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors and methods of effective management. P. 2. Cooperation and integration of business entities, investment in development of production, state regulation of AIC, business development and personnel training","authors":"V. Gusakov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-2-135-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-2-135-142","url":null,"abstract":"There is an active search for ways and mechanisms to upgrade the agrarian economy in the Republic of Belarus and increase its efficiency in conditions of stiffen market situation, but no efficient mechanisms have yet been found. In this regard, we’ve carried out systematic research and prepared a research papers that answer many questions regarding raising the agricultural economy and market challenges. We believe that it can become the basis for accepting specific recommendations. The second part of the paper dwells on the role, functions and significance of such fundamental factors of efficient agriculture as cooperation and integration of business entities, investment in development of production, state regulation of AIC, as well as development of entrepreneurship and training of relevant personnel.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83590661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of possibility for using remote sensing data and Markov chains for prediction of vegetation cover development","authors":"T. Myslyva, V. Bushueva, V. Volyntseva","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-2-176-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-2-176-184","url":null,"abstract":"In conditions of global climate change, it is important to develop reliable models allowing to reliably predict plant development based on combination of the Earth remote sensing data and statistical modeling. Modeling by means of Markov chains is an efficient and at the same time simple way to predict random events, which include prediction of performance of phytomass of agricultural crops. The Earth remote sensing data obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite with spatial resolution of 10 m were used to calculate the value of vegetation index NDVI and obtain different time rasters (2017-2019) with different degrees of vegetation cover development. To construct the matrix of probability of transition from one state to another for different levels of vegetation cover development, functionality of geoinformation systems (GIS) were used allowing to classify raster images, transform them into vector layers, and establish intersection areas. The probability matrix was later used to predict vegetation cover development using the Markov model as a predictor. The developed prediction model was tested for feasibility of the χ2 test. The results obtained showed that both the modeled values and the actual area of vegetation distribution with different degrees of development, determined from the available raster image of 2019, correlated well with each other. The research results can be useful both in developing forecasting methods and in directly predicting the crop yield of primarily dense-cover agricultural crops, as well as for estimating performance of pastures and creating efficient pasture rotations.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80626437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WTO Agreement on agriculture and peculiarities of its implementation under the conditions of the Republic of Belarus","authors":"N. Kireyenka","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-13-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-13-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the stages of formation and development of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, its structure and content of the main sections. It has been established that agriculture is one of the strategic and vulnerable sectors of the economy of any state, the development of which determines the level of national economic and food security. It is determined that the adopted document establishes a system of rules and obligations of countries in relation to agricultural policy measures related to the regulation of market access, domestic support, and export competition. The current trends in the development of the agri-food sector of Belarus in terms of agricultural production, food security, foreign trade are justified. The features of the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture in the conditions of the republic, taking into account external and internal factors of industry competitiveness, are highlighted. At the country level, directions for the development of agricultural trade policy, improvement of support measures that do not fall under obligations to limit in accordance with international requirements of the World Trade Organization, and ensure competitive advantages in foreign agricultural markets are proposed. It was noted that promising areas and criteria for the effective functioning of the agri-food sector should take into account national priorities, provide measures and mechanisms for the development of competitive and environmentally friendly production of agricultural products, expand market infrastructure, create favorable organizational and economic conditions for the functioning of the industry, and form its scientific and innovative potential. The issues disclosed in the article are of interest in developing a set of measures to increase the efficiency of foreign trade in the context of expanding the country’s participation in international and regional trade and economic integration, justifying mechanisms for improving agricultural regulation, and developing a system for promoting agri-food products on the domestic and foreign markets.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86814253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors and methods of effective management. P. 1. Intensification, concentration and production location","authors":"V. Gusakov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-7-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-7-12","url":null,"abstract":"There is an active search for ways and mechanisms to upgrade the agrarian economy in the Republic of Belarus and increase its efficiency in conditions of stiffen market situation, but no efficient mechanisms have yet been found. In this regard, we’ve carried out systematic research and prepared a research papers that answer many questions regarding raising the agricultural economy and market challenges. We believe that it can become the basis for accepting specific recommendations. Conditions forming market stability and determining an enterprise’s strategy are determined during the research. A range of factors have been identified. Implementation of these factors will mobilize the entire arrangement and production system and the practice of management to achieve targeted economic and financial results, especially for profitability and profit. The first part of the paper defines the role, functions and significance of such fundamental factors of efficient agriculture management as intensification, concentration, specialization and distribution of production facilities.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"88 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87703065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical approaches for improvement of foreign trade relations in agri-food sector in the context of increased competition in the world market","authors":"E. Makutsenia, M. I. Zapolsky","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-4-391-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-4-391-405","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Belarus is an export-oriented country in the field of trading with agri-food products and occupies rather significant place in the world ranking of the leading countries. In the view of intensive development of world trade, Belarus is increasingly becoming a part of the international labor differentiation. Thus, of the total volume of domestic production, the republic sells about 35 % of agri-food products to foreign markets. However, the further development of foreign trade in Belarus requires improvement of regulatory methods and tools to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of foreign trade in Agro-Industrial Complex and optimize its parameters, as well as adaptation to changing conditions of the internal and external environment. The paper presents the results of studies on selecting perfect ratio of import and export of agricultural products, as well as balance of export-and-import flows and efficiency of foreign economic activity. The main research directions in studying foreign trade are highlighted, the evolution of approaches to the nature and aims of export-and-import operations in the system of world economic relations is analyzed. The main interrelations of their foreign economic activity are shown considering the main market factors that contribute to increase of importance and efficiency of foreign economic activity. The fundamental patterns influencing foreign trade relations in agri-food sector in the context of regional integration are identified, including growth of the role of international division of finished food production process into separate stages and having such stages in different countries, the strengthening of country interaction within the framework of regional trade and economic integration associations, etc. The indicators for assessing foreign trade in the economy of a country are systematized based on the proposed methodological foundations for establishing criteria of application, formed based on their importance in the country’s economic system and ensuring identification of advantages and disadvantages that the country obtains as a result of trade with agri-food products in the world and regional markets.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87762061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural classification of soils in Belarus: new approach to soil operation","authors":"T. A. Romanova, V. Berkov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-4-431-443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-4-431-443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85379929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}