Rudn Journal of Russian History最新文献_第9页

The Sanitary Service of the 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment during World War I 第一次世界大战期间，第431季赫温步兵团的卫生服务处

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-95-108

Vera V. Bondareva, Natalia V. Eilbart

{"title":"The Sanitary Service of the 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment during World War I","authors":"Vera V. Bondareva, Natalia V. Eilbart","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-95-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-95-108","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the formation and development of the sanitary service in one particular regiment in the period from August 1914 to December 1916. The main body of sources con- sists of archival files of the respective military unit. The novelty of the present paper is seen in the fact that it is the first study devoted to the formation of the medical service of the regiment, starting with the militia squads. It is proved that in the squads the sanitary unit was not independent but relied on the zemstvo medical system of the cities and on the infirmaries of the garrisons. A focus is on the work of doctors in the 431st Tikhvin Regiment during their stay in Livonia from June 1915 to May 1916. Various areas of medical care of the regiment before participating in hostilities are studied in detail: the treatment of soldiers and prophylactic examinations, sanitary education, supervision of places of residence, as well as the prevention of infectious diseases. It is established that during the guard service of the regiment, the sanitary unit worked satisfactorily. The article zooms in on the expansion of the duties of the regiment's sanitary service at the front starting in the summer of 1916, and identifies how the medical personnel of the regiment was replenished. Special attention is paid to the difficult sanitary and hygienic situation at the front in Austria-Hungary, and the measures that were taken to combat the main epidemics that arose at the front, namely typhus, cholera, and dysentery. Equally discussed are the consequences of unsettled life and malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68270312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The State of Military Medicine during the Russian Civil War 俄国内战时期的军事医学状况

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-109-119

O. Morozova, T. Troshina

{"title":"The State of Military Medicine during the Russian Civil War","authors":"O. Morozova, T. Troshina","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-109-119","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the analysis of military strategy and tactics and of the ideological component of the struggle, the history of the Russian Civil War can also be studied with regard to the supporting factors in the opposing camps. The present article is based on the study of sanitary-medical services of the Red Army and the armies of the White Movement. Under war conditions, the boundary between military and civil medicine was blurred, as we are talking about a domestic war that coincided with several major epidemics. The personnel as well as the organizational forms and practices of medical care went back to the experiences of World War I. At the outbreak of the war the armed formations competed with each other to attract specialists to their ranks. Members of the medical community thus had to decide which side to serve - a choice that some made consciously and others situationally. At the beginning of the war, the Whites had an advantage regarding medical personnel; by the end of the war, the Bolsheviks had managed to rectify this situation. The Whites adopted the experience of World War I, assigning public organizations a special role in supplying the army. The Reds, in contrast, sought to match the revolutionary spirit of the era by encouraging initiative. This they combined with a fairly tight control of their services, creating a centralized system from the outset. The analysis of how the warrying parties organized their military medical-sanitary services can thus add new insights to our understanding of why the Bolsheviks achieved victory in the Civil War.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68270136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Provisional Government and “Chinese Question” in Russia in 1917 1917年俄国临时政府与“中国问题”

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-45-56

M. Khodjakov, Sun Yizhi

{"title":"The Provisional Government and “Chinese Question” in Russia in 1917","authors":"M. Khodjakov, Sun Yizhi","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-45-56","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the changes that took place during the solution of the so-called Chinese question on the basis of the journals of the Interdepartmental Consultation under the board of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which have been preserved in the Russian State Historical Archive. The peak of activity in this direction first of the tsarist government, and then of the Provisional government was from the second half of 1916 to the autumn of 1917. Documents show that the labor of recruited Chinese workers was used in many sectors of the economy. But the most important it received in the railway construction. Russia's military operations had slowed down the colonization of the Far East. Under these conditions, the arrival of tens of thousands of Chinese workers in the European part of the country became a peculiar reflection of the eastern direction of Russia's domestic and foreign policy. The attitude toward this phenomenon in social and political circles has changed since the formation of the Provisional Government. While pursuing the course of tsarism in solving the problem of the crisis of workers' hands, the Provisional Government simultaneously made a number of concessions to the Chinese mission in Petrograd. In particular, its representatives were given the opportunity to become acquainted with the working and living conditions of the Chinese workers. Rising unemployment and protest moods in Russian society eventually forced the Provisional Government, shortly before its fall, to abandon the transportation of foreign laborers to Russia.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68270415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acculturation Policies Targeting Siberia’s Muslim Communities in the Second Half of the 19th and in the Early 20th Centuries 19世纪下半叶和20世纪初西伯利亚穆斯林社区的文化适应政策

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-34-44

P. Dashkovskiy, E. Shershneva

引用次数: 0

At the BAM We Had Everything! Consumption Good Supplies for Workers of the All-Union Komsomol Сonstruction Project 在BAM我们拥有一切!全联共青团工人消费品Сonstruction项目

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-83-94

N. Baikalov

{"title":"At the BAM We Had Everything! Consumption Good Supplies for Workers of the All-Union Komsomol Сonstruction Project","authors":"N. Baikalov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-83-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-83-94","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes trade and supply services for the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railway (BAM) builders during the years 1974-1989. It describes the distribution system of goods, the forms of consumer behavior as well as consumption practices among participants of the project. The sources used for this study include office documents and statistics of the Soviet Ministry for Transport Construction, of building companies and municipalities, as well as of party and public organizations, next to oral testimonies given by former BAM construction workers that the author recorded during fieldwork. The author analyzes the establishment of trade enterprises and their technical equipment. Important is that the BAM trade network was created in a short time, and was meant to be temporary. During the whole period the system was plagued by a shortage of retail and warehouse facilities, and by insufficient support. At the same time, a special supply regime was in place to attract labor to BAM, and also to contribute to the subsistence of the population in the new development areas. While personal testimonies described trade services exclusively as privileged, the documentary evidence shows that the supply system faced difficulties similar to problems in ordinary Soviet trade. As a privilege regime came in combination with systemic malfunctions in the trade industry, specific practices were developed for the distribution and consumption of goods. Many of these practices were continued by local residents in the post-Soviet period.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68270298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Port-Franco of Odessa of the North: Alexander Den’gin’s Development Project of the Mouth of the Pechora River in the 1820s to 1840s 北部敖德萨的佛朗哥港:亚历山大·登金在19世纪20年代至40年代对佩科拉河口的开发项目

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-120-129

E. V. Komleva

{"title":"The Port-Franco of Odessa of the North: Alexander Den’gin’s Development Project of the Mouth of the Pechora River in the 1820s to 1840s","authors":"E. V. Komleva","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-120-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-120-129","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to a little-known episode in the history of the development of the Russian North, one that is associated with the name of the Vologda merchant Alexander Ivanovich Dengin. The contribution brings together the available biographical information about A.I. Dengin and characterizes his project concerning the economic development of the territory adjacent to the mouth of the Pechora River. This project he elaborated in the 1820s to 1840s; it aimed at the development of both the Pechora Region and Western Siberia by establishing regular water communication between the European and Asian parts of Russia. The article reviews the various stages in the drafting of this document, and traces its way through different instances. Filled with patriotic rhetoric, the source under consideration emphasizes not only Dengins personal interest - to derive material benefits from the exploitation of the Pechora estuary - but also reflects that entrepreneurs were fully aware of the necessity to develop the northern territories in order to integrate these regions fully into the Russian Empire. A close cooperation between state authorities and representatives of private capital was considered an indispensable condition for achieving this goal. A.I. Dengins note also reveals how the Russian merchant class of the pre-Reform period viewed the world. They had a very high opinion of their professional activities, which they thought were indispensable not only for the successful functioning of the economy but also for raising the general level of culture and education among the population. Commerce was seen as the most important means for achieving progress and common welfare.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68270188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on: Amanzholova, Dina A. Sovetskii proekt v Kazahstane: vlast i etnichnost, 1920-1930-e gg. [The Soviet project in Kazakhstan: the power and ethnicity, 1920-1930]. Moscow: The Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2019. 488 p. 评论：Amanzholova，Dina A.Sovetskii proekt v Kazahstane:vlast i etnichnost1920-1930-e gg。[苏联在哈萨克斯坦的项目：权力和种族，1920-1930]。莫斯科：俄罗斯科学院俄罗斯历史研究所。，2019.488页。

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-3-465-469

Irina V. Oktiabrskaia, Октябрьская Ирина Вячеславовна

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Leisure and Recreation in the Socio-Cultural Memory of Urban Women in the 1950 and 1960s Based on Materials from Volgograd 五六十年代城市女性社会文化记忆中的休闲与娱乐——基于伏尔加格勒的材料

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-295-304

I. Bogdashina, Богдашина Ирина Владимировна

{"title":"Leisure and Recreation in the Socio-Cultural Memory of Urban Women in the 1950 and 1960s Based on Materials from Volgograd","authors":"I. Bogdashina, Богдашина Ирина Владимировна","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-295-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-295-304","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines everyday practices of rest and leisure among urban women living in the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad) - a city that had been completely destroyed during the war. The goal of the present study is to identify specific characteristics in the everyday practices of women. The methodology combines comparative historical, biographical and aggregate methods. Interviews conducted along the empathy method made it possible to identify the sensual and emotional sides of the respondents' lives. The research is based on ego-documents (diaries, oral history), periodicals (magazines, newspapers), and statistics. The article discusses the concepts of free time and rest as preserved in the memory of townspeople, and also private and public forms of leisure. A major finding is that women's memory and texts reveal sensory and emotional experiences that can be used for the history of everyday life. This allows for an imagination of everyday life from a new angle. Domestic work took away the vast majority of women's free time, and given the cultural potential of the region was still underdeveloped, most city dwellers concentrated pastime activities on their homes. However, with the high workload of women at home and at work, it was leisure outside the home that remained one of the few ways for women to relax and recover from mental and physical stress. The everyday life of urban women in the 1950s and 1960s was characterized by a division of leisure in private and public forms.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"20 1","pages":"295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-Soviet diasporas in the age of the internet 互联网时代的后苏联侨民

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-3-437-447

E. Pivovar, Пивовар Ефим Иосифович, V. Ershov, Ершов Виталий Федорович, Maria V. Katagoshchina, Катагощина Мария Всеволодовна

{"title":"Post-Soviet diasporas in the age of the internet","authors":"E. Pivovar, Пивовар Ефим Иосифович, V. Ershov, Ершов Виталий Федорович, Maria V. Katagoshchina, Катагощина Мария Всеволодовна","doi":"10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-3-437-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-3-437-447","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of recent developments in the diasporas of post-Soviet nationalities during the early 21st century. Its authors argue that new information technologies have a major impact on the creation of identities in diasporas, their interaction with the host countries and the historical homeland, as well as the social adaptation of migrants. Focusing on the evolution of expatriate communities in Russia and its “Near Abroad,” they point out that these diasporas use the Internet to promote common historical, cultural and civilizational values. The article goes on to analyze the information policies of ethnic and cultural organizations, the integration of intellectual elites of post-Soviet diasporas into scientific and educational institutions, the impact of digital technologies on the business activity of diasporas, the daily life of migrant workers, as well as the participation of diasporas in international culture and public diplomacy. The authors conclude that modern means of communicating information have created a fundamentally new environment for migration flows and the creation of diasporas in the post-Soviet space and around the world. Today, this trend plays an important role in economic and cultural integration and social development of Eurasia.","PeriodicalId":41139,"journal":{"name":"Rudn Journal of Russian History","volume":"20 1","pages":"437-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on: Sinitsyn, F.L. Sovetskoye gosudarstvo i kochevniki: istoriya, politika, naselenie [Soviet state and nomads: history, politics, population]. Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2019. 318 p. 评论：Sinitsyn，F.L.Sovetskoye gosudarsvo i kochevniki:历史，政治，纳塞列尼[苏联国家和游牧民族：历史，政治和人口]。莫斯科：Tsentrpoligraf Publ。，2019.318页。

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Rudn Journal of Russian History Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-3-470-472

M. Mongush, Монгуш Марина Васильевна

引用次数: 0