Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Neuropsychological correlates underlying verbal fluency deficits in schizophrenia: The role of attention and executive function","authors":"Anna Rosenkranz, T. Kircher, A. Nagels","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.04","url":null,"abstract":"Verbal fluency deficits are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. The role of executive functions is still a topic of critical debate, although other neuropsychological domains, e.g. attention, working memory and verbal intelligence, may also influence verbal fluency task performance. Furthermore, some studies report semantic fluency dysfunctions suggesting particular semantic access deficits, while others report regular patterns of verbal fluency task performance, with better performance in semantic fluency as compared to lexical fluency, suggesting general retrieval difficulties. In addition, formal thought disorder symptomatology is often associated with reduced verbal fluency performance. To further address these issues of verbal fluency deficits in schizophrenia, patients with schizophrenia (n=50) as well as a healthy control group (n=36) were recruited and tested according to the aforementioned neuropsychological parameters and both semantic and lexical fluency. Results indicate that executive dysfunctions are associated with verbal fluency performance particularly in the lexical fluency domain. Furthermore, a strong relationship was found between sustained-attention deficits and both semantic and lexical fluency, indicating that verbal fluency deficits in general are mainly driven by attention dysfunctions rather than aberrations in the executive domain. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia did not perform differently for letter vs. semantic fluency. Furthermore, controlling for attention, the results suggest that formal thought disorder symptomatology is unrelated to performance on verbal fluency. Taken together, impaired attention drives the decreased performance in verbal fluency tasks in patients with schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of imageability and frequency in language production and comprehension in first-episode and early-course psychosis","authors":"I. Kuzina, Vlasta Erdeljac, M. Sovic, N. Mimica, D. Ostojić, A. Savic","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an overview of language production and the comprehension of associations depending on the lexical-semantic imageability and frequency features in subjects with first-episode and early-course psychosis. Concepts with low values of lexical-semantic feature imageability, unlike those with high imageability, demand greater cognitive effort in the creation of their mental image and their activation in the semantic memory. This study included two tests, a forced-choice language comprehension test and an elicited association production test, which were constructed for the purpose of the study on the basis of an existing database of psycholinguistic lexical-semantic features (Erdeljac et al., 2018). Twelve subjects diagnosed with first-episode early-course psychosis were recruited, as well as 12 healthy subjects as a control group. It was confirmed that the target group, the subjects with first-episode and early-course psychosis, processes language differently with regards to the imageability feature in the production test. The patient group had longer reaction times on both imageability conditions in relation to the control group, but while the control group had shorter reaction times on highly imageable words, the patient group’s reaction times did not differ on account of the imageability condition. In the comprehension test, the patient group had overall longer reaction times independently of the imageability condition. Furthermore, in the comprehension test, both groups statistically more often chose associations that were of high and medium frequency, when compared to low frequency words, and the target group had longer reaction times on highand medium-frequency words than on low-frequency words. The results analysis was conducted according to current psycholinguistic theories and further validate the theory that subjects with schizophrenia have increased activation and decreased inhibition in the spreading of activation in the semantic memory during language processing.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115871023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glossary","authors":"","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modality-specific sensory norms: a new window into semantic organization","authors":"Dušica Filipović Đurđević, Milica Popović Stijačić","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128789178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the typicality feature in the production of language associations in schizophrenia","authors":"Petra Dominik, I. Kuzina, Vlasta Erdeljac, M. Sekulić Sović, N. Mimica, D. Ostojić, A. Savic","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.08","url":null,"abstract":"Language deficits in schizophrenia are hypothesized to be a result of increased spreading of activation in the semantic memory during language processing. The spreading of activation is determined by the features of concepts activated in search and retrieval processes. One of the features thought to have a great influence on processing is the typicality feature (Holmes & Ellis, 2006). The aim of this study was to establish whether there are differences in language processing in schizophrenia subjects compared to a healthy control group in a verbal fluency task based upon the typicality feature. Specifically, the analysis was limited to the first cluster of the verbal fluency task because it requires the least effort in terms of task restrictions (Venneri et al., 2008). The study included 8 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from the University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče and 8 healthy control subjects. A category semantic fluency task was conducted on both groups, and the healthy control group was given a typicality rating task consisting of exemplars produced by both groups in the first cluster of the former task. Results analysis showed no differences in the typicality ratings of exemplars between the groups in any of the categories except the animals category. These results also indicate differences in the language processing of the animals category and could suggest differences in the processing of animacy features. Additionally, the results show that there are no differences in language processing of the typicality feature in other semantic categories in first-episode psychosis subjects in relation to the healthy control group. Future studies should additionally analyze the processing of animacy features and typicality in schizo-phrenia-spectrum disorders across different illness phases.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"396 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114059640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113933547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic and pragmatic relations in categorization in early-course psychosis","authors":"Vlasta Erdeljac, I. Kuzina, M. Vandek, M. Sovic, N. Mimica, D. Ostojić, A. Savic","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.05","url":null,"abstract":"In schizophrenia, language processing indicates an over-inclusiveness (Chen, 1994; Brebi-on, 2010) in category (hypernymy and hyponymy) relations. The aim of this study was to examine the preservation of category relations of semantic memory in first-episode and ear-ly-course schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis as it offers an insight to foundations of schizophrenia language deficits. The study was conducted in cooperation with the University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče on 17 patients. The patients’ results were correlated with those of a matched control group. The test that was used to conduct the experiment was constructed for the intent of this study, and it consisted of 10 categories, each of which was tested over 5 trials. For each trial, participants had to choose a member of a presented category. Possible answers included the target word (a category member such as hobotnica ‘octopus’), a pragmatic-semantically related distractor (e.g. more ‘sea’), a lexical-semantically related distractor (e.g. krak ‘tentacle’), and an unrelated distractor (e.g. truba ‘trumpet’). None of the unrelated distractors in either group were selected as category members. Although both pragmatic-semantically related and lexical-semantically related distractors were classified as category members more often in the patient group, pragmatic-semantically related distractors were chosen more often than lexical-semantically related distractors. While the results support the theory that concept representations in the semantic memory are not completely lost, the question remains whether the representations are degraded or whether there is a difference in search and retrieval processes in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) when compared to a healthy control group.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of age on language in adults with intellectual disabilities: A comparison of passives in Down syndrome and Williams syndrome","authors":"A. Perovic, K. Wexler","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.03","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with intellectual disabilities often show limitations in language functioning, commonly linked to their overall poor cognitive skills. However, despite the intellectual impairments and language delays, it is well established that language is more vulnerable in some populations, e.g. Down syndrome (DS), and relatively preserved in others, e.g. Williams syndrome (WS). Individuals with DS are also known to be at increased risk of cognitive decline due to the earlier onset of Alzheimer’s dementia, although little is known about how aging affects language skills in this population. Individuals with WS, though with relatively developed language, are reported to never acquire some grammatical structures that appear late in typically developing (TD) individuals, such as passives of psychological verbs. In an attempt to better understand how linguistic deficits in individuals with intellectual disabilities can be teased apart from the effects of general language delays, chronological age, and overall intellectual impairment, we compare the comprehension of passives in adults with DS (mean age: 38) and WS (mean age: 30). Passives are known to develop late in typical development and present difficulties for individuals with developmental disorders. This has been observed especially in their generally poorer performance on passives of psychological verbs than on passives of actional verbs. Our results reveal divergent patterns of performance in our participants. Adults with WS performed no different from younger TD controls on actives and passives of both actional and psychological verbs. In contrast, adults with DS showed exceptionally poor performance on all sentence types, even on actives of actional verbs, considerably poorer than observed in the TD and WS groups. While the good performance of adults with WS might be due to individual variation, rather than continuous language development, we argue that the poor performance of participants with DS is due to an age-related decline of cognitive and language abilities, possibly linked to Alzheimer’s-type dementia.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126075408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the psycholinguistic characteristics of words in the assessment of language processing of patients with psychosis, ultrahigh risk of psychosis, or schizophrenia","authors":"Vlasta Erdeljac, M. Sekulić Sović, D. Ostojić, A. Savic","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.02","url":null,"abstract":"role of the psycholinguistic characteristics of","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132234594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared lexical-semantic features and the animacy effect in early-course psychosis","authors":"M. Sekulić Sović, Vlasta Erdeljac, I. Kuzina, M. Vandek, N. Mimica, D. Ostojić, A. Savic","doi":"10.17234/9789531758314.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17234/9789531758314.06","url":null,"abstract":"Language deficits in psychosis, and in schizophrenia, are presumed to be due to increased activation and connectivity of the semantic memory, which is determined by lexical-semantic features of concepts. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of shared lexical-semantic features on language processing in patients with first-episode and early-course psychosis. The study included 15 Croatian-speaking patients from the University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, diagnosed with first-episode and early-course psychosis and a healthy control group. The subjects performed a lexical-semantic decision task in which the primes and the target words were either related as hypernym and hyponym or were unrelated, and in which the target words represented either animate or inanimate concepts. Two results analyses were conducted: one on the taxonomic (hyponym–hypernym) condition and one on the animacy (living/non-living stimulus) condition. The patient group was less accurate on the taxonomy condition because the taxonomy relations were dependent on their shared features. The patients’ activation of shared features was higher, and their inhibition was reduced. Consequently, the patients will have a greater number of concepts activated and not inhibited. For the inanimate concepts, a high correlation of distinctive features is characteristic, while the animate concepts have a high correlation of shared features. The presupposition is that the greater activation of shared features influenced the patients’ answers, so the distinctive features had no influence. Thus, the control group had higher accuracy for inanimate concepts.","PeriodicalId":409598,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Linguistic and Psychiatric Research on Language Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}