{"title":"Where do my words come from?","authors":"C. Kristoffersen","doi":"10.17011/APPLES/URN.201907163639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/APPLES/URN.201907163639","url":null,"abstract":"Few intellectual tools exist for characterizing word choice development in primary level writing. The aim of this study was to identify categories for describing the development of word choice in young children’s narrative writings. Such categories may be used to demonstrate how word choice develops within writing practices of primary classrooms. The analysis was based on thirty texts from six students studying Norwegian as a first-language and collected from mid-year second grade through fourth grade utilizing case-study methodology. In the students’ classroom, considerable emphasis was put on using literature to establish an intertextual basis for student learning. The students’ texts were scored by a group of teachers using a rubric specifically designed for word choice to analyze verbs and adjectives, lexical individuality, and lexical diversity, as additions to the more traditional word counts. These categories were discussed, and many were found fruitful for tracing intertextual understandings and describing word choice development. However, the category of lexical individuality may be too conservatively defined to capture important developments among this age group.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125658245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beliefs about oral corrective feedback in an Argentinean EFL university classroom","authors":"Adelina Sánchez Centeno, Silvana Yanina Ponce","doi":"10.17011/apples/urn.201907063591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201907063591","url":null,"abstract":"Beliefs about oral corrective feedback (OCF) are essential components in the EFL classroom, especially when learning the speaking skill since teachers have to strike a delicate balance between the provision of OCF without negatively affecting students’ emotions. During the last years, many scholars have devoted great attention to the influence of affective factors in the learning of foreign languages. Among these factors, beliefs held by teachers and students have proved to impact significantly on the processes of teaching and learning a foreign language. The aims of this paper are: to describe the beliefs held by an Argentinian EFL teacher about OCF and to describe how her beliefs might shape this teacher’s classroom practices regarding the provision of OCF at a specific context. A qualitative approach was adopted, and data was collected by means of videotaped classroom observations, teacher stimulated recall interviews and a semi-structured teacher interview. The results showed that the teacher’s beliefs and her classroom actions were not always congruent, especially when she was faced with an ambiguous situation. In the end, the beliefs that had stronger connections to emotions were the ones enacted in her classroom practices.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The monolingual habitus of German society challenging the interests of an autochthonous minority language","authors":"H. F. Marten, Maris Saagpakk","doi":"10.17011/apples/urn.201909124143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201909124143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the LL in the city of Bautzen / Budyšin in Germany, a town which is frequently considered the “capital” of the Slavonic minority of the Sorbs. It focuses on the societal role of Sorbian in relation to practices and ideologies of mainstream German society. The vast majority of signs in Bautzen / Budyšin are in German only. Sorbian is essentially restricted to explicitly Sorbian institutions and to local and regional administration. Interviews conducted in shops and on the streets reveal that paternalistic attitudes common to perceptions of language policies and minority languages in Germany dominate; practices maintain the common monolingual habitus in German society. Members of the majority population show little awareness of Sorbian issues, and Sorbian signage is seen as a generous gesture but considered essentially unnecessary. Only in most recent times, a reaction by the Sorbian community has challenged these practices and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing interactional skills in a paired speaking test","authors":"Linda Borger","doi":"10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903011694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903011694","url":null,"abstract":"The operationalization of interactional competence (IC) within the paired speaking test format allows for a range of interactional skills to be tested. However, in terms of assessment, challenges are posed with regard to the co-constructed nature of IC, making investigations into raters’ perceptions of the construct essential to inform test score interpretation. This qualitative study explores features of IC that raters attended to as they evaluated performances in a paired speaking test, part of a Swedish national test of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Two groups of raters, 17 EFL teachers from Sweden, using national standards based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and 14 raters from Finland and Spain, using CEFR scales, rated six audio-recorded paired performances, and provided written comments to explain their scores and account for salient features. The findings of the content analysis indicate that raters attended to three main interactional resources: topic development moves, turn-taking management, and interactive listening strategies. As part of the decision-making process, raters also considered the impact of test-takers’ interactional roles and how candidates’ performances were interrelated. In the paper, interaction strategies that were perceived as more or less successful by raters are highlighted. The findings have implications for our understanding of raters’ operationalization of IC in the context of paired speaking tests, and for the development of rating scales and guidelines that reflect the social dimensions of the construct.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124185695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing and using tasks for the assessment of speaking","authors":"Neus Figueras","doi":"10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903011693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903011693","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the development and use of tasks for the assessment of speaking. It first addresses the key role of the assessment of the skill of speaking within language assessment in general and in the context of teaching and learning foreign languages. Then, it discusses how social changes and research have reshaped the way speaking is defined and operationalized, and focuses on how speaking can be assessed more validly and reliably today. The central role of tasks is also discussed, together with the importance of taking into consideration the implications and impact of different task characteristics. Some recommendations for the development of useful and meaningful assessment tasks which foster uses of assessment that contribute to learning are also proposed. The aim is to revisit due process procedures in the development of speaking assessments with a view to problematizing how to best address 21st century needs.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"59 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123762104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical approaches and frameworks to language maintenance and shift research","authors":"Ayman Tawalbeh","doi":"10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903051738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17011/APPLES/URN.201903051738","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a critical overview of theoretical approaches and frameworks to language maintenance and shift research in the area of immigrant languages. It covers the underlying principles of these frameworks and assesses their advantages and shortcomings. The article argues that the field’s theoretical orientations have shifted recently, with a greater emphasis on understanding language maintenance and shift as a dynamic process involving complex interrelationships between space and time. These new trends and new areas of research in relation to language maintenance and shift are highlighted and discussed in different parts of the article. The article concludes by calling on the significance of refining established language maintenance and shift models in ways that correspond to current developments in communities and in migration itself.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three perspectives on the role of teacher beliefs in the language classroom","authors":"Line Krogager Andersen","doi":"10.47862/apples.103078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47862/apples.103078","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the role of teacher beliefs in two teachers’ implementation of a collaboratively planned teaching activity into classroom practice. It is a retrospective case study aiming to explain how the difference between two teachers’ realisations of a specific bilingual teaching activity may be seen as related to their beliefs about language learning and teaching. The role of teacher beliefs for language teaching practice has been the subject of much research, although the nature of the relationship remains contested. This study explores a new approach to the puzzle by combining new and existing perspectives on teacher beliefs in the form of enacted, professed and implicit beliefs. The study re-examines data from a larger action research study through 4 cycles of analysis and interpretation, moving from observed teaching practices to the three perspectives on teacher beliefs to provide a description of the complex interplay between beliefs and practice. The analysis shows that the combination of the different perspectives on teacher beliefs allows for a meaningful interpretation of the relationship between teacher beliefs and teaching practice, that the two teachers’ beliefs about language learning and teaching play an important role in their transformation of teaching plans to teaching practice and that their different practices lead to different language learning affordances in the two classrooms. The article concludes by suggesting that the interplay between teaching activities, students’ engagement and teacher beliefs may be a fruitful place of inquiry for future research.","PeriodicalId":409563,"journal":{"name":"Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127700820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}