The Economics of Artificial Intelligence最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation","authors":"Takudzwa Fadziso","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has the potential to greatly increase the efficiency of the current life in which we live. However, it may result in more impacts through its application as the modern mode in invention and bring a new perspective of the existing innovation processes in the organization of R & D. Application of machines' intelligence such as robots from the recent development is a vivid example of invention brought about by the innovation filtered via artificial intelligence. Innovative ways through invention have a sense of replacement in man's duties in the world's varied economic sectors. Large datasets and algorithms will be used in research industries, and the latter will result in potential racing, monitored incentives by large companies, and particular algorithms. However, transparency and transfer of information between public and private will be the engine source to stimulate healthy inventions and innovation programs shortly. Rapid advancement in the artificial intelligence arena has significant sound impacts on society as far as the economy is concerned. Production and characteristics of many products and services have a high potentiality to be directly influenced by these innovations, and important productivity, competition, and employment implications. Even though these innovations will positively influence the largest proportion of human lives, artificial intelligence (A.I.) can potentially change its innovation processes, accompanied by approximately thoughtful consequences, and may gradually dominate the direct consequence. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"64 Pt 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should We Be Reassured If Automation in the Future Looks Like Automation in the Past?","authors":"Jason Furman","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R&D, Structural Transformation, and the Distribution of Income","authors":"J. Sachs","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Placeholder","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128022481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Economics","authors":"Colin Camerer","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes 2-1/2 highly speculative ideas about how artificial intelligence (AI) and behavioral economics may interact, particular in future developments in the economy and in research frontiers. First note that I’ll use the terms AI and machine learning (ML) interchangeably (although AI is broader) because the examples I have in mind all involve ML and prediction. A good introduction to ML for economists is Mullainathan and Spiess (2017).","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"139 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133586526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Machine Learning on Economics","authors":"S. Athey","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an assessment of the early contributions of machine learning to economics, as well as predictions about its future contributions. It begins by briefly overviewing some themes from the literature on machine learning, and then draws some contrasts with traditional approaches to estimating the impact of counterfactual policies in economics. Next, we review some of the initial “off-the-shelf” applications of machine learning to economics, including applications in analyzing text and images. We then describe new types of questions that have been posed surrounding the application of machine learning to policy problems, including “prediction policy problems,” as well as considerations of fairness and manipulability. We present some highlights from the emerging econometric literature combining machine learning and causal inference. Finally, we overview a set of broader predictions about the future impact of machine learning on economics, including its impacts on the nature of collaboration, funding, research tools, and research questions.","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy, Algorithms, and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Catherine Tucker","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130745539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected Open Questions in the Economics of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"T. Cowen","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126808373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI, Income, Employment, and Meaning","authors":"B. Stevenson","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Betsey Stevenson* * Betsey Stevenson is an Associate Professor of Economics and Public Policy, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; a visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; a Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Research Affiliate, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom, and a Research Fellow, CESifo, Munich, Germany. E‐mail address is betseys@umich.edu). The evolution of artificial intelligence evokes strong emotions in people. Some imagine a dystopia in which people are replaced by machines. Machines will develop the content we read, the entertainment we enjoy. Artificial intelligence will pick our friends and our politicians, and ultimately take away any sense of human agency. And worst of all, those machines will deprive us of work. Human beings will lose meaning and income and perhaps ultimately be driven to extinction. At the other end of the spectrum are those that envision the potential for utopia. With machines doing all the work, people will have plenty of income, yet very little unpleasant work to do. Instead, people will spend their days enjoying art and music. They will pursue their passions unburdened by the need to provide for their basic wants. They will feed their intellectual curiosity and fulfil the human demand for personal interactions. In short, people will be able to enjoy their lives with the freedom from time and money constraints, that artificial intelligence provides. So who is right? Income is not the problem Economists think that we know the answer, at least part of it. Most economists believe that automation promises a future of higher income that stems from the higher productivity that artificial intelligence will provide. In September 2017, the Chicago Booth IGM Forum's “Economic Experts Panel” asked 41 economists from top universities in the United States whether they strongly agreed, agreed, were uncertain, disagreed, or strongly disagreed with the following statement: Rising use of robots and artificial intelligence in advanced countries is likely to create benefits large enough that they could be used to compensate those workers who are substantially negatively affected for their lost wages. The answer was clear, no one disagreed with that statement. A few economists—ten percent— were uncertain, and the modal answer was agree, rather than strongly agree. Yet, it’s clear that economists believe that artificial intelligence represents an opportunity for substantial economic gains. Indeed, productivity gains have been at the heart of improvements in living standards from the beginning of time. And so, it is difficult to imagine a world in which","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124362872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI and Jobs","authors":"","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131765881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Can Impact Market Design","authors":"A. Agrawal, J. Gans, Avi Goldfarb","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409347,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116313004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}