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The Myth of a Jewish Invasion and the Refugee Question in Romania after the Great War 犹太人入侵的神话与大战后罗马尼亚的难民问题
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.53779/mtgs1423
Giuseppe Motta
{"title":"The Myth of a Jewish Invasion and the Refugee Question in Romania after the Great War","authors":"Giuseppe Motta","doi":"10.53779/mtgs1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/mtgs1423","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a Jewish invasion in Romania appeared during the debates on the first constitution (1866) and was revitalized after 1918, as the recently occupied territory of Bessarabia hosted many Jewish groups fleeing revolutionary Russia, the civil war, and pogroms. In this context, the immigrants were depicted by nationalist propaganda as invaders wishing to exploit Romania’s wealth and hospitality, and this image was combined with the myth of Judeo-Bolshevism. Thanks to the archival sources of the High Commission for Refugees and of relief organizations such as the Joint Distribution Committee, this paper aims to present in detail the controversial encounter between national security policies and humanitarian concerns for the fate of the refugees. At the same time, it will discuss how the refugee question influenced the Romanian political context, fostering sentiments of antisemitism and xenophobic anxiety. As will be argued, the idea of an invasion was very influential before and after World War I, and conditioned not only the definition of the policies regarding citizenship and minorities, but also the whole political discourse and the shaping of Romanian identity. At the same time, the emergence of refugees and the juxtaposition of humanitarian versus national security was not a purely Romanian affair, and in many aspects anticipated the topics of today’s debates.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Subalterns’ in the Russian Imperial Service 俄罗斯帝国军队中的 "副官
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.53779/kagb1607
Karina Gaibulina
{"title":"‘Subalterns’ in the Russian Imperial Service","authors":"Karina Gaibulina","doi":"10.53779/kagb1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/kagb1607","url":null,"abstract":"The text examines one of the most important aspects of Russian imperialism, namely its multiculturalism. The practice of exiling politically uncertain people to the east of the Empire, as well as opening the possibilities for some privileged compradors to pursue careers, were only a tiny fraction of the strategies used by the Russian authorities to involve representatives of various national minorities in (co)building the Empire. It allowed the Russian Empire to use those people’s physical and intellectual potential to expand the state’s borders, including during warfare. The encounter of the Polish exile Bronisław Zaleski and the translator of Tatar origins, Iskander Batyrshyn, during the military campaign against the Khoqand fortress Aq Masjid will serve as an example. By comparing their diaries, which both of them kept throughout the entire expedition, we can gain insights into the intricate nature of their positions within the imperial structure, their reasons for participating in the venture, the impact the hostilities had on the local population, and their perception of this conflict. These documents also reveal patterns of relationship-building between imperial subjects and authorities as well as the role of imperial power in stimulating, restricting or regulating relations between different nations.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Europe and the East: Historical Ideas of Eastern and Southeast Europe, 1789-1989 书评：欧洲与东方：1789-1989 年东欧和东南欧的历史思想
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.53779/roca1457
Ross Cameron
{"title":"Book Review: Europe and the East: Historical Ideas of Eastern and Southeast Europe, 1789-1989","authors":"Ross Cameron","doi":"10.53779/roca1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/roca1457","url":null,"abstract":"  ","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minorities at War, Part 1: State Policies in Times of Conflict 战争中的少数群体，第 1 部分：冲突时期的国家政策
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.53779/vbeq2877
Samuel Foster, Raul Cârstocea, Olena Palko
{"title":"Minorities at War, Part 1: State Policies in Times of Conflict","authors":"Samuel Foster, Raul Cârstocea, Olena Palko","doi":"10.53779/vbeq2877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/vbeq2877","url":null,"abstract":"This short introduction provides an overview for the first part of the special issue of ‘Minorities at War’. The issue’s overarching theme explores how periods of conflict influenced the relationship between minority groups in Central and Eastern Europe and their respective host states during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The articles featured are based on contributions originally presented at the BASEES Study Group for Minority History’s second official biennial symposium, ‘Minorities at War from Napoleon to Putin’, which was held at the New Europe College in Bucharest, Romania from 11-12 May 2023.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disinformation against Crimean Tatars in Russian Social Media 俄罗斯社交媒体上针对克里米亚鞑靼人的虚假信息
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.53779/lebi1430
L. Bidochko
{"title":"Disinformation against Crimean Tatars in Russian Social Media","authors":"L. Bidochko","doi":"10.53779/lebi1430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/lebi1430","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the persistence of Tatarophobia against Crimean Tatars in the Russian segment of social media during the first year of the full-scale invasion (24 February 2022–24 February 2023). A total of 4,435 posts from various social media platforms, including Facebook, Odnoklassniki, Telegram, Twitter, and Vkontakte, were analysed. The discourse predominantly echoes Russia’s imperial and Soviet-era narratives, along with xenophobic and oppressive rhetoric exacerbated by the full-fledged invasion. The propaganda seeks to cultivate a negative perception of Crimean Tatars as an ethnic community, manipulating cultural and historical aspects related to them. Additionally, it endeavours to construct an adversarial image of relations between Ukraine and the Crimean Tatars, as well as of Ukraine’s current policies. Russian special services perceive the capacity of Crimean Tatars to self-organize, establish volunteer units, or organize blockades as a threat. The propaganda effort not only fosters harassment and hate speech but also encourages peninsula residents to view them as “unreliable elements” deserving of suppression.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Shaken Lands: Violence and the Crisis of Governance in East Central Europe, 1914–1923 书评动荡的土地：1914-1923年中东欧地区的暴力与治理危机
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.53779/jary1515
Jan Rybak
{"title":"Book Review: The Shaken Lands: Violence and the Crisis of Governance in East Central Europe, 1914–1923","authors":"Jan Rybak","doi":"10.53779/jary1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/jary1515","url":null,"abstract":"  ","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Majorities at War: Transformation of East Central Europe 战争中的多数：中东欧的变革
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.53779/gnmc1354
Maciej Górny
{"title":"Majorities at War: Transformation of East Central Europe","authors":"Maciej Górny","doi":"10.53779/gnmc1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/gnmc1354","url":null,"abstract":"The article begins and ends with a discussion of the censuses of East Central Europe before and after the First World War. Both the former and the latter were contested by minority activists despite the enormous changes brought about by the post-war settlement. This paradox can be explained, at least in part, through selected case studies that illustrate the asynchronicity of political, economic, and social transformations. The text discusses first the dynamics of this change: nationalist mobilization in the face of the refugee problem and local military conflicts. Second, it raises the question of the legitimacy of the consolidating national states in the region, especially the desperate and often futile appeals to the population to support the young states in their fight against the national and Bolshevik enemies. Both processes resulted in the construction of national majorities, albeit at different rates. The social and mental changes brought about by war, forced migration, and revolution proceeded much more slowly than the transformation of political discourses, and even more slowly than the language of ethnic statistics in the service of national states.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Language Policy in Galicia, 1980-2020. An Overview 加利西亚的语言政策，1980-2020 年。概述
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.53779/xplm3788
Henrique Monteagudo
{"title":"Language Policy in Galicia, 1980-2020. An Overview","authors":"Henrique Monteagudo","doi":"10.53779/xplm3788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/xplm3788","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Galician is a minority language spoken in Galicia, an autonomous region in northwestern Spain. This paper will provide some basic data on the evolution of the sociolinguistic situation of Galician. It will consider the dynamics of change and revitalisation of the language and will examine the linguistic policies that underpin them. In 1981, the Statute of Autonomy of Galicia was approved, establishing the co-official status of Galician. In 1983, the Galician Parliament passed the Law on the linguistic normalisation of Galicia, which laid the ground for the language policies of successive autonomous governments. After four decades, there are several symptoms that the language policy is inadequate for promoting Galician, based on a non-confrontational model centred on the teaching and learning of Galician and the promotion of its literary and cultural prestige. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review Article: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Minority Communities in Germany, Poland, Portugal, and Spain: Was There a Specific Minority Angle to the Public Health Emergency? 评论文章：COVID-19 大流行对德国、波兰、葡萄牙和西班牙少数民族社区的影响：公共卫生紧急事件是否有特定的少数民族角度？
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.53779/almx2688
Sergiusz Bober
{"title":"Review Article: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Minority Communities in Germany, Poland, Portugal, and Spain: Was There a Specific Minority Angle to the Public Health Emergency?","authors":"Sergiusz Bober","doi":"10.53779/almx2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/almx2688","url":null,"abstract":"Mindretallet under Corona-pandemien 2020-2021. \u0000Mogens Rostgaard Nissen (ed.), Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig, 2022, 52 pp. \u0000  \u0000Discriminación y Comunidad Gitana – Informe Anual FSG 2021. A Fondo: El Impacto de la Pandemia en la Discriminación y el Antigitanismo. \u0000Cristina de la Serna et al., Fundación Secretariado Gitano, FSG, 2021, 228 pp. \u0000  \u0000Newsletter ObCig (Observatório das Comunidades Ciganas), 24 de junho 2020. \u0000  \u0000Organizacje mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w dobie pandemii. \u0000Piotr Kwapisiewicz (ed.), Żydowskie Stowarzyszenie Czulent, n.d., 23 pp.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":"118 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Effective Participation of National Minorities and Conflict Prevention 书评：少数民族的有效参与与冲突预防
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.53779/wgba2862
Meyeti Payet
{"title":"Book Review: Effective Participation of National Minorities and Conflict Prevention","authors":"Meyeti Payet","doi":"10.53779/wgba2862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53779/wgba2862","url":null,"abstract":"Romans, W., Ulasiuk, I., & Thomsen, A. P. (Eds.). (21 Oct. 2019). Effective Participation of National Minorities and Conflict Prevention. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff.","PeriodicalId":407952,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe","volume":"89 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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