Ukrainian Metrological Journal最新文献_第6页

Study of approaches to determining the required number of multiple observations 研究确定多重观测所需数量的方法

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.3.2022.269582

I. Zakharov, O. Botsiura, P. Neyezhmakov

{"title":"Study of approaches to determining the required number of multiple observations","authors":"I. Zakharov, O. Botsiura, P. Neyezhmakov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2022.269582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2022.269582","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity to determine the minimum number of observations when developing a measurement procedure in accredited test and calibration laboratories is discussed. The methods of evaluating the number of observations when evaluating the expanded measurement uncertainty using the GUM method, the Monte Carlo method, and based on the Law of the expanded uncertainty propagation are considered. In the first case, a nomogram is constructed that allows determining the minimum required number of multiple observations based on the given values of the expanded measurement uncertainty for a probability of 0.9545, the standard deviation of the scattering of the indications of a measuring instrument and the normally propagated standard instrumental uncertainty of type B. In the case of calculating the measurement uncertainty based on the Monte-Carlo method, a normal law and the Student’s law of propagation with given characteristics was modelled, and on its basis, for a probability of 0.95, a diagram to calculate the required number of observations when performing multiple measurements was constructed. The application of the Law of the expanded uncertainty propagation proved to be the most universal for calculating the required number of observations, since it made it possible to obtain approximating expressions for both probabilities and for the normal and uniform laws attributed to the components of type B.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring the work of the test laboratory by participating in the proficiency testing program in the field of the laser performance measurements 通过参与激光性能测量领域的能力测试计划来监控测试实验室的工作

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263548

V. Kolobrodov, Viktoriia Sokol, O. Polikarpov, B. Sokol

{"title":"Monitoring the work of the test laboratory by participating in the proficiency testing program in the field of the laser performance measurements","authors":"V. Kolobrodov, Viktoriia Sokol, O. Polikarpov, B. Sokol","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263548","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the validity result is the critical requirement of the international standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017 for test and calibration laboratories to provide objective evidence of their technical competence. Applying the interlaboratory comparison, using alternative instrumentation that has been calibrated, functional checks of measuring and testing equipment, and other methods for monitoring the validity of results is not enough to have confidence in the quality of test results. Modern standards in the field of quality for test and calibration laboratories require applying other forms for assessing the characteristics of the used test method. Particularly, it concerns the participation in interlaboratory comparisons. \u0000One of the tools that could be used for monitoring the validity result is comparing laboratory test results with the results that are obtained by other laboratories, e.g. proficiency testing. This paper presents the result of a proficiency testing program for laser performance measurements that was organized by the International provider IFM Quality Services PTY Ltd. in 2021. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the results of the participation of the SE “Ukrmetrteststandard” in proficiency testing of measuring laser performance, to reveal the correlation of the results comparing with the previous years and different tasks and to assess the possible causes of outliers. Twenty-two laboratories that had been accredited by the ISO/IEC 17025 standard participated in the proficiency testing. The results were evaluated using the Z-score as the performance criterion. \u0000Potential risks of proficiency testing with a small number of participants and possible causes of results outliers were assessed.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the influence of various factors on the uncertainty of light collection simulation in scintillators 估算各种因素对闪烁体光集模拟不确定度的影响

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263908

V. Tarasov, B. Grynyov, N. Gurdzhian, O. Zelenskaya, L. Mitcay, Luidmyla Vaschenko

{"title":"Estimating the influence of various factors on the uncertainty of light collection simulation in scintillators","authors":"V. Tarasov, B. Grynyov, N. Gurdzhian, O. Zelenskaya, L. Mitcay, Luidmyla Vaschenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263908","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is dedicated to the evaluation of statistical uncertainty of simulating the process of light transfer in NaI (Tl) and BGO scintillators by Monte Carlo method. The DETECT2000 program with a unified surface model was used. The process of light transfer (“fate”) by light photons was traced from the moment of appearance in the scintillator to the moment of passing through its exit window. The light collection coefficient was determined as the ratio of the number of photons that passed through the exit window to a given number of emitted photons. Different values of the number of emitted photons, optical transparency coefficients and fractions of the surface diffuse reflection were set. Multiple repetitions of the simulation process for a different set of properties made it possible to evaluate the precision and type A uncertainty of simulating the light collection coefficient for all possible options. It is shown that the uncertainty decreases when the statistics of the emitted photons is increased, and increases when the transparency and diffuse reflection fraction are decreased.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical methods of measuring the hair diameter 测量头发直径的光学方法

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263884

Mukola Kokodii, I. Krasovskyi, S. Pogorelov, V. Timaniuk

{"title":"Optical methods of measuring the hair diameter","authors":"Mukola Kokodii, I. Krasovskyi, S. Pogorelov, V. Timaniuk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263884","url":null,"abstract":"When dealing with various tasks of medicine, in mathematical modelling of processes in the human body, it is necessary to know the physical parameters of biological tissues. In cosmetology and dermatology, these are the physical properties of hair − diameter, density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and optical parameters. Existing methods can solve the problem of measuring these parameters, but as a rule, they take a great deal of time and resources. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and study fast and cheap optical methods for measuring the diameter of a human hair using computer methods for processing the results of the experiment. \u0000Several methods for measuring the diameter of a human hair have been studied. The hair diameter was measured by analysing the pattern of laser scattering and using a microscope with a digital attachment and an eyepiece micrometer. Measurements by diffraction methods are consistent with each other within the limits of errors. Measurements using PAINT program are a little more accurate (the average error is 0.7 μm) than using MATHCAD program (the average error is 1.3 μm). Measurements using MATHCAD program are more complicated. Therefore, of the two remaining methods, the first one is preferable. Measurements using a microscope require more manual work; especially focus adjustment, which, with a large magnification of the lens (20x – 40x), is a time-consuming operation. The measurement error (1 μm) is comparable with the error of diffraction methods. Thus, of the four methods considered, the diffraction method with the processing results using PAINT program, which is included with all versions of Microsoft Windows system, has the greatest advantages, in contrast to the paid MATHCAD program, which has be installed on a computer.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41747077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calibration features for power meters of high and microwave frequencies 高频和微波功率计的校准特性

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263724

O. Velychko, Valentyn Gaman, Serhii Kursin

{"title":"Calibration features for power meters of high and microwave frequencies","authors":"O. Velychko, Valentyn Gaman, Serhii Kursin","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263724","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave frequency power measurement is one of the main types of the measurement for measuring instruments and systems in the radio frequency range. Therefore, improving the accuracy of measuring the microwave frequency power requires the establishment of more precise standards, and the development of calibration methods for meters of microwave frequency power is an urgent task. Microwave frequency power standards that are used to calibrate the relevant measuring instruments must ensure high accuracy of the unit size reproduction over a wide measurement and frequency range. \u0000The study allowed determining typical calibration schemes for meters of microwave frequency power. For measurements, the calibration scheme for meters of microwave frequency power by the method of a direct comparison with the help of a calibrator when measuring the absorbed power of microwave frequencies is substantiated and suggested. \u0000The proposed methodology for evaluating the uncertainty of absorbed power measurements can be used when calibrating power meters in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 18 GHz. It allows determining the most significant components of the combined standard uncertainty of the absorbed power measurements of ultrahigh frequencies, as well as to receive the result of the corresponding calibration. This methodology can also be used to evaluate the uncertainty of microwave frequency directional measurements.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43452302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improving metrological characteristics of measuring instruments by discrete wavelet noise filtering using the recursion method 递归离散小波噪声滤波改善测量仪器计量特性

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263869

D. Onufriienko, Y. Taranenko, Hryhorii Suchkov

{"title":"Improving metrological characteristics of measuring instruments by discrete wavelet noise filtering using the recursion method","authors":"D. Onufriienko, Y. Taranenko, Hryhorii Suchkov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263869","url":null,"abstract":"The method of recursive discrete wavelet noise filtering for improving metrological characteristics of measuring instruments was investigated for the first time. Methods with a common threshold for all decomposition levels, methods without threshold with a simple zeroing of detail coefficients until the minimum mean square (RMS) error is reached, and methods with universal threshold for detail coefficients at each decomposition level were studied. Twenty different types of measurement signals from the popular PyWavelets library were analyzed. The functions of filtering methods with a common threshold were determined, for which the use of recursion reduces the filtering error from 10 to 50%. For methods without threshold and with universal threshold, the recursion does not reduces the error by multiple filtering of measurement signals. To apply the recursion to the method with a common threshold for all decomposition levels, a mathematical model based on the fundamental equations of wavelet filtering was constructed. The character of distribution of the filtering RMS error depending on the number of reversible cycles is investigated. It was summarized that for the measurement signal models under consideration, the maximum error reduction occurs between the zero cycle, in which the initial measurement signal is filtered, and the first level of recursion. Further reduction of the filtering error with increasing number of recursion cycles occurs according to the law close to hyperbolic.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aspects of the introduction of alternative gas fuels and their influence on the quality of natural gas 各方面介绍了替代气体燃料及其对天然气质量的影响

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263892

I. Petryshyn, D. Serediuk, O. Bas, R. Manulyak

{"title":"Aspects of the introduction of alternative gas fuels and their influence on the quality of natural gas","authors":"I. Petryshyn, D. Serediuk, O. Bas, R. Manulyak","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263892","url":null,"abstract":"The paper announces that the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine has developed the “Ukrainian Green Deal”, the ambitious goal of which is the transition to a climate-neutral economy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decarbonizing the economy by 2070. The “European Green Deal” provides for the achievement of similar goals by 2050. It is mentioned that the share of biomethane and “green” methane in the overall system of transmission and consumption of natural gas is planned to increase. The process of biomethane production by biogas enrichment and carbon dioxide separation is described. The perspective course of pure hydrogen production by water electrolysis due to the use of excess “green” energy from solar and wind power plants is noted. The way of complex integration of biomethane and “green” hydrogen production is suggested. The process of “methanation”, i.e. the conversion of “green” hydrogen and carbon dioxide as a waste product in the production of biomethane is described. The readiness of the NAAU to accredit verification bodies of greenhouse gas emission due to the introduction of the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading in Ukraine was stated. The calculation of the combustion heat values, density and Wobbe number for natural gas when mixed with pure hydrogen has been simulated. It is pointed that when the heat of combustion decreases and exceeds the permissible limits, the Wobbe number does not exceed the minimum set value, which indicates the absence of the need to replace gas-consuming equipment. It is argued that if it is necessary to increase the combustion heat of a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen, it is necessary to enrich it with “heavy” hydrocarbon gases.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68826540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the reliability of measurement results when studying the reliability of building structures with the ultrasound pulse method under production conditions 在生产条件下用超声脉冲法研究建筑结构可靠性时，提高测量结果的可靠性

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263875

Y. Serikov, L. Nazarenko

{"title":"Improving the reliability of measurement results when studying the reliability of building structures with the ultrasound pulse method under production conditions","authors":"Y. Serikov, L. Nazarenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263875","url":null,"abstract":"The extension of service life of operating building constructions requires a study of the current state of materials in their structural elements. The statement of the problem determines that such studies should be carried out using non-destructive methods, among which the ultrasonic pulsed method is one of the most effective ones. Its effectiveness lies in the efficiency of obtaining measurement data and their sufficient accuracy, as well as in comparative complexity of the measurement process. As a rule, the measurement of the required parameters of the ultrasonic signal is carried out in the presence of vibration interference generated by equipment, vehicles. Such obstacles are elastic waves that propagate in the material of the building object under consideration. As a result, vibration interference is imposed on the information ultrasonic signal. This leads to false measurement results, which can cause an error in estimating the current state of physical and mechanical properties of the material under consideration. Ultrasonic measuring instruments produced in Ukraine and abroad do not have protection from such vibration interference. To solve this problem, technical solutions have been recently developed based on the use of reference values of the controlled parameter of the ultrasonic signal; amplification of the information signal directly in the place of its fixation; and on the analysis of an array of information signals with the use of special software products for their statistical processing. However, the use of such technical solutions does not allow solving the problem completely. In order to solve the problem completely, the following solution was developed. The ideology of the measurement process includes the emission of ultrasonic probing signals and the reception of information signals at two fixed frequencies.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verification of methods in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 by the intralaboratory method 根据ISO/IEC 17025:2017的要求，通过实验室内部方法验证方法

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263887

Anatolii Kotsiuba

{"title":"Verification of methods in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 by the intralaboratory method","authors":"Anatolii Kotsiuba","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263887","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the analysis of the requirements of the standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017 for the verification of test and calibration methods. The necessity of verification of standardized methods is demonstrated and the characteristics of standardized methods that need to be confirmed during their verification are revealed. The method of intralaboratory verification of test methods is proposed, which is to confirm the repeatability and trueness of methods based on the results of control measurements of reference materials in accordance with the principles set out in the series of international standards ISO 5725. This method can be applied to calibrate measures of physical quantities.In case of absence of reference materials, the verification of methods can be performed by interlaboratory comparisons. It is noted that the verification of test methods is a mandatory requirement for calculating the measurement uncertainty according to the reproducibility indicators given in the standardized method. The recommendations for laboratory actions to improve accuracy in case of unsatisfactory verification results are given.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44101874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metrological research of a reference installation based on a high-pressure vessel 基于高压容器的参考装置的计量研究

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Ukrainian Metrological Journal Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263891

O. Serediuk, D. Serediuk, A. Vynnychuk

{"title":"Metrological research of a reference installation based on a high-pressure vessel","authors":"O. Serediuk, D. Serediuk, A. Vynnychuk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2022.263891","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of development and metrological research of reference installations based on high-pressure vessels, which meet the requirements of the implementation of traceability of instruments for measuring gas volume and gas volume flow rate, is considered. The operation algorithm of the specified reference installations when transferring the unit of gas volume to the gas meters under consideration is studied. Based on the algorithm and features of the operation of PVTt-type standards, a list of the analysed uncertainties of type A is formulated when estimating the volume of the calibrated high-pressure vessel; when measuring the absolute pressure and absolute temperature of gas due to the influence of instability of pressure and temperature on the gas meter under consideration due to the presence of a temperature gradient in the vessel. Uncertainties of type B, which are determined by metrological characteristics of measuring instruments, as well as the uncertainty of parameters evaluated by means of calculation, in particular the compressibility factor of the working environment, the influence of water vapour on the working environment and the influence of the discreteness of the device for collecting information about measurements from the gas meter are considered. \u0000Formulas to quantify the combined uncertainty of measuring the volume of the calibrated vessel, the absolute pressure and absolute temperature as well as to calculate the air compressibility factor for the operating conditions of the installation are given. These parameters are the absolute pressure and absolute temperature of the gas and the compressibility factor of the working environment in the vessel at the beginning and at the end of the reproduction of the reference volume as well at the inlet of the gas meter. The expressions for calculating the combined and expanded uncertainties of PVTt-type standards are given.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49465321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0