Forensic Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Virtopsy concept around the world: Institute-based survey of worldwide forensic postmortem imaging","authors":"Natalia Khmara , Rilana Baumeister , Wolf Schweitzer , Michael Thali , Garyfalia Ampanozi","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Introduction: Forensic routine postmortem imaging in excess of photography and conventional X-ray has been pushed since a few years, in some instances under the name ”Virtopsy”. It constitutes a pivotal innovation in forensic medicine as it allows for the non-invasive exploration of the deceased through diverse imaging techniques. This study offers an analysis of a survey with focus on the worldwide adoption and application of postmortem imaging. Our goal is to uncover and understand regional variances in its deployment application. Methods: A survey comprising 18 questions, both closed-ended and open-ended, was designed collaboratively and distributed globally via email and social network. The survey addressed topics such as autopsy rates, imaging modalities, indications for postmortem imaging, personnel involved, evaluation methods, and communication of findings. The survey was initially sent to institutes with published postmortem imaging research, and later, it was distributed through international forensic radiology and radiographer associations. Statistical analysis was conducted to interpret the results. Results: Responses were obtained from 29 countries, representing 6 continents, with a total of 100 participating institutions. European institutions were predominant (69%), followed by Australia (9), North America (8), Asia (7), Africa (6) and South America (1). The majority of institutions reported 100-500 autopsies annually (31). Among the institutes that reported that they perform post mortem imaging (PMI), most listed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) as modality (89%). The request to perform PMI was issued by institutes of forensic medicine (51%), researchers (42%), police (43%) or public prosecutor’s office (54%). 48% of the respondents stated that an autopsy must always be performed, even if the cause and manner of death can be ascertained by postmortem imaging. radiographers were primarily responsible for technically performing PMCT (65%) whereas physicians were listed in 28%, autopsy technicians in 18%. The majority of the institutions (32%) identified clinical radiologists as the primary individuals responsible for reading, evaluating radiological images, and writing reports. Many respondents (64%) reported that their image readers had attended specialized postmortem imaging courses. Communication of findings typically involved written reports (28%) or a combination of written reports and illustrated images (31%). Membership of survey respondents was indicated in 38% for the International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI) and 5% for the International Association of Forensic Radiographers (IAFR). The question was how many of the responders are members of a PMI focused radiological society or work group. 52% (44 out of 85) respondents indicated they were not a member of a postmortem imaging society. The memberships listed are ISFRI (38%), IAFR (5%) and AGFB (Arbeitsgruppe Forensische Bildgebung, 4%). Con","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000198/pdfft?md5=254211b89fc945c0d5f6f3001297cee3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging: Optimizing contrast and acquisition for large ex-vivo human samples","authors":"Daniël Docter ,&nbsp;Melanie Timmerman ,&nbsp;Yousif Dawood ,&nbsp;Jaco Hagoort ,&nbsp;Nick Lobe ,&nbsp;Ernst van Heurn ,&nbsp;Ramon Gorter ,&nbsp;Karl Jacobs ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Pyka ,&nbsp;Greet Kerckhofs ,&nbsp;Maurice J.B. van den Hoff ,&nbsp;Bernadette de Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microfocus Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) is a novel method for non-destructive 3D imaging of samples, reaching microscale resolutions. While initially prominent in material sciences for small samples, micro-CT now gains significance in biological and medical studies. Here we present our utilization of micro-CT for imaging large ex-vivo human samples for anatomical and forensic research in three recent experiments and discuss the fundamentals of micro-CT imaging.</p><p>For pelvic anatomical research, whole human pelvises were imaged to explore nerve anatomy around the prostate using various concentrations of buffered lugol (B-lugol). Advanced acquisition protocols were essential due to X-ray attenuation properties of the sample, which required higher energy for sufficient photon transmission.</p><p>For fetal research, B-lugol stained fetuses of 20–24 gestational weeks underwent full body imaging. However, this led to challenging acquisition parameters and images of insufficient quality. Subsequent destaining yielded less dense, yet contrast-maintaining samples allowing higher quality images. Refined acquisition protocols with reduced energy improved image quality.</p><p>For forensic research, explanted hyoid-larynx complexes were imaged. Micro-CT imaging showed potential in visualizing micro-fractures. The addition of B-lugol allowed for excellent soft tissue contrast and promising possibilities for forensic evaluation.</p><p>In conclusion, micro-CT imaging accommodates a diversity of large ex-vivo human samples for anatomical and forensic purposes, though challenges arise with optimal soft tissue staining and acquisition protocols. We describe partial destaining as a new possibility to alleviate scanning issues to improve scan quality and highlight topics for future research. Micro-CT imaging is a promising new avenue for medical research and forensic evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000204/pdfft?md5=ce88914d06b84c25a1ee63f97f32a82a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction methods for finger irradiation doses in mass disasters: A comparative study","authors":"Atsushi Iwawaki ,&nbsp;Yusei Otaka ,&nbsp;Takeru Ishii ,&nbsp;Akihiro Ochiai ,&nbsp;Shinji Kito ,&nbsp;Hideki Saka","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Since many intraoral radiographs are taken in mass disasters, it is important to reduce the finger irradiation dose to the operator and caregivers in intraoral radiography. However, there is not enough reporting on finger irradiation doses when the detector is placed in the oral cavity of a corpse. The objective of this study was to examine finger irradiation doses when using detector holders and protective gloves and to compare various reduction methods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One type of disposable and two types of protective gloves were employed in this study. The average irradiation dose was calculated by dividing the accumulated dose by the number of irradiation events for intraoral imaging of the left mandibular molar; since the dosimeter detects a cumulative dose, irradiation was continued until the dose exceeded 100 μSv. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, and multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant dose reduction was observed using protective gloves (maximum: 63%, mean: 59%; <em>p</em>&lt;0.01). No significant difference in the irradiation dose to the finger was observed when disposable gloves were layered on protective gloves. When protective gloves were used with the detector holder held at the end position, the radiation dose reduced by approximately 91% compared to when the detector was held directly in the oral cavity. Implementing these radioprotective measures can reduce the risks of increased radiation exposure and contamination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The combined use of detector holders and protective gloves was effective in reducing the radiation exposure to the operator's fingers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000186/pdfft?md5=87d99536c2fb1a71e7ee9bcc93e93681&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a technique for postmortem CT angiography of fetuses with a lipophilic contrast agent","authors":"Jessica Vanhaebost ,&nbsp;Nicolas Michoux ,&nbsp;Xavier de Spiegeleire ,&nbsp;Silke Grabherr ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Coche","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Postmortem examinations of fetuses play a crucial role in confirming abnormalities, especially vascular and cardiac malformations leading to fetal demise. This study aims at developing and assessing a method for acquiring Post-Mortem CT-Angiography (PMCTA) with the injection of a lipophilic contrast agent (CA) to better visualize the great vessels of the trunk and head.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>25 human fetuses (gestational age at death between 106 days and 28 weeks) were included. Examinations were performed using a dual-energy Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) scanner. Three imaging sequences were acquired, before CA injection, after injection of 7mL of CA through umbilical artery (arterial phase), and after an injection of 15mL of CA through umbilical vein (venous phase). CA-induced vascular opacification was scored <em>per</em>-vessel in both phases as follows: 0 = none, 1 = partial, 2 = complete. Total opacification was defined as the sum of the <em>per</em>-vessel opacification scores.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In 23/25 subjects, CA injection into the umbilical vessels was feasible manually using flexible catheters. After the first injection, at least a partial opacification of the arterial network was achieved in 15/23 (65%) subjects. After the second injection, a complete opacification of the venous network was achieved in 18/23 (78%) subjects. Failures occurred in 10/25 (40%) subjects and were mostly due to the preservation status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PMCTA performed with a two-phase intra-umbilical injection of a lipophilic CA enabled to visualize the vascular network, even after a significant a postmortem interval. This protocol may help in detecting vascular malformations, improving clinical diagnoses and prenatal counselling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cardiothoracic ratio on postmortem CT as a screening tool for cardiomegaly in the Thai population.","authors":"Chowditchapong Pongnaruechit,&nbsp;Panuwat Chutivongse,&nbsp;Koravik Meesilpavikkai","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In forensic radiology, the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) calculated from postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images can be used to detect cardiomegaly. In this study, a new measurement method is studied that involves measurement in the anteroposterior (AP) and transverse directions, with a reference level based on the Thai population.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To screen for cardiomegaly using the CTR calculated from PMCT images.</p></div><div><h3>Research method</h3><p>A sample size of 116 deceased Thai individuals who underwent PMCT before autopsy was obtained. Individuals were divided into two groups: normal heart weight and overweight heart. Hearts heavier than the mean plus one standard deviation were categorized into the overweight group. The CTR was calculated in both the AP and transverse directions at six reference levels. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were calculated to determine the CTR cutoff point for the diagnosis of cardiomegaly.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CTR cutoff values for diagnosing cardiomegaly were as follows: 1) CTR &gt;0.5 in the transverse direction at the mid-vertebra of T7 (sensitivity, 75.6%; specificity, 70.6%; area under the ROC curve 0.81), 2) CTR &gt;0.49 in the transverse direction at the mid-vertebra of T8 (sensitivity 71%, specificity 81.4%, area under the ROC curve 0.80). The selection of the cutoff values depended on the location of the heart. The area under the ROC curve in the AP direction was in the range 0.5-0.7, which is inferior compared to the transverse direction (0.7-0.9).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Calculating the CTR with a reference level on PMCT images can assist in the diagnosis of cardiomegaly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating South African socio-cultural identity using sub-specific discriminate 3D shape matrices","authors":"Alison Fany Ridel,&nbsp;Ericka Noelle L'Abbé","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In forensic anthropology, the probable identification of an unknown individual is based on the presence of quantifiable phenotypic variations and the relationship of these variations to the individual's socio-cultural identity. This study aims to create sub-specific discriminate shape matrices to estimate socio-cultural identity among a modern black South African sample, with a particular emphasis on developing standards for predicting mid-facial variation within this population.</p><p>The sample consists of 191 adult South Africans representing nine modern black South African socio-cultural identity groups obtained from the Pretoria Bone Collection in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pretoria. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the relevant anatomical area was performed using an EinScan H 3D scanner. The 3D anatomical extraction was performed by placing 37 standard craniometric landmarks and 388 sliding landmarks on 3D models.</p><p>The analysis of variance associated with the linear model “<em>shape against socio-cultural identity</em>” explained 95.5% of overall shape variation showed that variations in midfacial shape configurations were statistically significant (MANOVA: p= 0.001; 50-50 MANOVA: p &lt;2e-16) for all shape configurations, including sub-specific discriminate shape matrices, separately. Additionally, cross-validated linear discriminant function analysis yielded an accuracy between 73.01% and 91.53% for all shape configurations and sub-specific discriminant shape matrices, reflecting the discriminative power of socio-cultural identity groups in the black South African population.</p><p>Our findings support the utilization of geometric morphometric methods (GMM) for socio-cultural identity estimation as they allow us to retain the objects' geometry and statistically analyze subtle structural differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic significance and inferential value of PMCT features in charred bodies: A bicentric study","authors":"Antonio Oliva ,&nbsp;Simone Grassi ,&nbsp;Massimo Zedda ,&nbsp;Linda Calistri ,&nbsp;Francesca Cazzato ,&nbsp;Valentina Masini ,&nbsp;Matteo Polacco ,&nbsp;Federica Maiolatesi ,&nbsp;Ilenia Bianchi ,&nbsp;Beatrice Defraia ,&nbsp;Rossella Grifoni ,&nbsp;Laura Filograna ,&nbsp;Luigi Natale ,&nbsp;Martina Focardi ,&nbsp;Vilma Pinchi","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a diagnostic tool that provides essential information in forensic field. This radiological technique can play a pivotal role in personal identification, gunshot injuries, major traumatic injuries, child abuse, drowning asphyxia, embolism, COVID-19, sudden death, and charring cases.</p><p>Post-mortem imaging can be used to investigate charred bodies as it allows the forensic examiner to distinguish traumatic and heat injuries. PMCT images can also provide additional information to determine whether the individual was alive at the time the fire started.</p><p>In our bicentric study, we performed PMCT on 15 cases of charred bodies (10 males and 5 females) collected at the Florence University (Florence, Italy) and Catholic University of The Sacred Heart (Rome, Italy) before the external examination and/or full autopsy examination. In both the institutions, PMCT was performed through a Siemens SOMATOM 16-slice CT scanner (Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, 2010).</p><p>The aim of the current study was to obtain unambiguous information that could help determine the cause of death by comparing our PMCT findings with the most recent evidence in the scientific literature. Our investigations focused on the evaluation of bone texture and differences from traumatic fractures, leading also to an improvement in the interpretation of some aspecific findings (e.g., soot) from the integration of the radiological information with the autopsy results.</p><p>The data obtained in our study support PMCT as a reliable diagnostic tool in the study of charred corpses and represent basic evidence for further applications of radiology in the forensic field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000149/pdfft?md5=077d3058ad0da411f638a8eee9a1794b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the body position during PMCT: Implications for 3D reconstructions","authors":"Conrad Uldall Becker Schultz,&nbsp;Christina Jacobsen,&nbsp;Chiara Villa","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>variations in the positions of organs and bones resulting from two different body positions during PMCT were investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Forty-four bodies were CT-scanned in two positions and compared using 18 landmarks and 27 distances.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p>Differences below 1 cm were observed for all measurements. The most significant variation was observed along the cranio-caudal plan (z). Awareness of these movements is important when using 3D models for visualization or 3D reconstructions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000137/pdfft?md5=af427d5de60d3768960e8aa377b6b81e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of water and other filters on fracture resolution in industrial micro-CT scanning","authors":"Mary R. Mani,&nbsp;Angi M. Christensen,&nbsp;Amani Rafiq","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fri.2024.200588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Filtering is known to improve image quality of CT scans. Water immersion is one type of filtering that has been used for CT scanning dry (skeletonized) bones, and it has been suggested that this approach can increase measurement accuracy and improve fracture resolution. These tests have previously involved clinical CT scanners. Here we use an industrial micro-CT scanner and test whether water immersion and other x-ray filtering options increases fracture resolution in reconstructed scans of dry bones.</p><p>Eleven dry non-human bones were CT scanned using the same acquisition parameters, while varying filter options. Bones were scanned (1) in an unfiltered “dry” air environment, (2) using metal filters at the x-ray source, and (3) with the bones immersed in water. A small subset of bones (N = 3) was also scanned using the same parameters except increasing the number of projections acquired from 500 to 1500. Reconstructed scans were evaluated by the authors, in part using a Likert scale comparing filtered with unfiltered scans, to assess fracture resolution (overall appearance and extent).</p><p>Results showed that increasing the projections resulted in the greatest improvement in fracture resolution, followed by filtering at the x-ray source. Water immersion performed poorly overall, possibly due to movement artifacts that result from this type of scanning, in which the specimen rotates on a stage during the scan. When using this type of CT scanner, if increased fracture resolution is desired, water immersion is not recommended; increasing the number of projections or filtering at the x-ray source is suggested instead.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mineral density measurements in postmortem computed tomography: An open-source approach","authors":"Kasper Hansen ,&nbsp;Dennis Vinther ,&nbsp;Lene Warner Thorup Boel ,&nbsp;Gülislam Ağacan ,&nbsp;Jesper Thygesen ,&nbsp;Lars Uhrenholt ,&nbsp;Henrik Lauridsen","doi":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fri.2024.200586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In quantitative postmortem computed tomography (qPMCT) the presence of putrefaction gas in tissues can obscure measurements such as bone mineral density (BMD). Quantitative CT analysis procedures adopted directly from clinical CT may not be designed to compensate for intracorporeal gas, which require additional measures for PM-imaging applications. Thus, a solid unbiased procedure for volumetric BMD analysis in PMCT of the deceased presenting with intracorporeal gas is desirable.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We tested three different analysis procedures (AP1-3) for BMD analysis of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-3). Data in this retrospective study was based on synchronous PMCT acquisition with a solid five-phase Cann-Genant phantom from routine forensic examinations of 154 individuals distributed into three putrefaction groups: “None” (<em>n</em> = 95), “Mild” (<em>n</em> = 54), and “Moderate” (<em>n</em> = 10). AP1 was based on commercially available software (“Mindways”), which required the operator to subjectively place region of interest (ROIs) in areas without gas. The open-source software (“FIJI”) was used for AP2 and AP3 and enabled comparison of objectively placed ROIs with AP1. In AP3, threshold-filtering was applied to remove the signal from gas (in AP2 data) prior to BMD analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>AP1 provided higher BMD values than AP2-3 due to subjective placement of ROIs in denser cortical areas. AP2 yielded the lowest BMD measurements with most variation, while AP3 yielded BMD measurements comparable to <em>in vivo</em> values published in clinical studies. AP3 provided greater interobserver correlation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>AP3 provided a simple open-source software-based approach to PMCT BMD analysis that allows for precise BMD measurements in PMCT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":40763,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Imaging","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666225624000101/pdfft?md5=5df5a336460b28a7119e408a4bdbd6e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666225624000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}