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Computational and Laboratory Analysis of Thermal Free-Form Fabrication of Metal Prototypes 热自由成形金属原型的计算和实验室分析
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0155
C. Doumanidis, N. Fourligkas
{"title":"Computational and Laboratory Analysis of Thermal Free-Form Fabrication of Metal Prototypes","authors":"C. Doumanidis, N. Fourligkas","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0155","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of rapid prototyping methods for functional layered metal products has created the need for thermal off-line analysis and optimization of the process conditions, as well as for real-time control of the material structure and properties through the temperature field. For this purpose, this work introduces a scanned thermal processing technique, in which the heat source rapidly sweeps the surface of each deposited layer to ensure a flexible heat input distribution. For this method, the article establishes two dynamic thermal modeling tools: a finite-difference numerical simulation of the temperature field in layered objects, and an experimental linearized formulation with time-varying parameters identifiable in-process by thermal measurements. The models are applied and validated in elementary LOM thermal operations on a plasma-arc processing station with infrared thermal sensing and computer control, and their use for design of a closed-loop thermal regulator is discussed, together with the metal structure and properties of scanned parts.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"375 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vibration Transmission Characteristics of Helical Gear System With Lead Error 考虑超前误差的斜齿轮系统振动传递特性
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0152
C. Park, J. Lee
{"title":"Vibration Transmission Characteristics of Helical Gear System With Lead Error","authors":"C. Park, J. Lee","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nowdays reduction of gear noise in power transmission is very important, because the noise regulation is severe and demand of customer on noise is increased. To reduce gear noise, it is necessary to understand the vibration transmission characteristics of helical gear system. In this work, we designed test rigs for study of vibration transmission characteristics. By using these test rigs, root strain, rotational gear vibration, bearing vibration and sound pressure level are measured under varying rpm and torque. The frequency characteristics of rotational gear vibration and gear noise on the effect of lead error are discussed. Also, the relationship between gear vibration, bearing vibration and sound pressure level is discussed.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123276905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Specimen Geometry on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Metal Matrix Composite 试样几何形状对金属基复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0140
H. Sallam, H. Nayeb-Hashemi
{"title":"The Effect of Specimen Geometry on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Metal Matrix Composite","authors":"H. Sallam, H. Nayeb-Hashemi","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An elastic-plastic two-dimensional finite element model was utilized to simulate the effect of the specimen geometry, i.e. type of specimen and the presence of the notch, on the crack tip deformation, CTD, and stresses and strains distributions around the crack tip in both the plane stress and the plane strain conditions. It was found that, the values of T-stresses and strains near the crack tip were significantly affected by the specimen type and the presence of the notch in both plane stress and plane strain conditions, i.e. thin and thick specimens. However, the analyses show that the presence of notch has a little effect on plastic zone size and shape and crack tip opening displacement, CTOD. The present results were employed to explain the main parameters controlling the fatigue crack growth, FCG, behavior in metal matrix composites, MMCs.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131722803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Seismic Response for a Quarter Scale Reactor Containment Model 四分之一反应堆安全壳模型的地震响应研究
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0151
Y. Jang
{"title":"Investigation of Seismic Response for a Quarter Scale Reactor Containment Model","authors":"Y. Jang","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0151","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of soil-structure interaction is an ongoing subject of experimental and numerical studies, since the seismic responses of structures play an important role in design of nuclear power plants. As a result, a quarter scale model of a pressurized-water reactor building was constructed by an international research consortium Hualien, Taiwan. This region of Taiwan is a seismically active area. In this study, the seismic responses due to an earthquake of magnitude 5.6 which occurred on January 20, 1994 have been used for comparison with numerical results. The sub-structure method and the hybrid method are adopted to analyze the structural responses, and we investigate the differences between numerical results of the two methods in detail.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"130 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124249851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite Element Analysis of a Biaxially Loaded Woven Fabric Composite Laminate With a Central Hole 带中心孔的双轴载荷机织复合材料层合板的有限元分析
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0141
A. Kelkar, P. Chaphalkar, J. Sankar
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of a Biaxially Loaded Woven Fabric Composite Laminate With a Central Hole","authors":"A. Kelkar, P. Chaphalkar, J. Sankar","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Textile composites are structural materials reinforced by a network of fibers and are formed by processes such as braiding, weaving, or knitting. Woven fabric composites are two dimensional constructions where the warp and fill fiber tows are woven into each other to form a layer. The layers are impregnated, stacked in predetermined orientations and cured to obtain composite laminates. The composite laminates thus formed have good properties in mutually orthogonal directions as well as more balanced properties and better impact resistance than the unidirectional laminates.\u0000 Woven fabric laminated composites are likely to play a key role in modern design, principally owing to their attractive strength to weight and stiffness ratios. To compete effectively with other materials, these woven fabric laminates are often utilized in plate form with cutouts in them. Analytical models that predict the moduli, Poisson’s ratios from the weave architecture and the properties of the constituents are desirable. In this paper, a plain weave model is presented to develop the constitutive relationships (i.e., A, B and D matrices). The results from the plain weave model are used in conjunction with the classical laminate theory and linear finite element model of a woven fabric laminate to predict the stress concentration around a central hole. A graphite/epoxy material system was used. The woven fabric plies were assumed to be of constant thickness and were arranged symmetrically about the mid plane. In addition to woven fabric plies, regular unidirectional plies were also stacked at different angle orientation. The square plate with a hole was then subjected to biaxial in-plane loading. The stress concentration factors were determined by computing the ratio of stresses around the hole to those without hole at the same location.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116868947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability of Welded Joints With Short Fatigue Cracks 短疲劳裂纹焊接接头的可靠性
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0143
D. Lanning, M. Shen
{"title":"Reliability of Welded Joints With Short Fatigue Cracks","authors":"D. Lanning, M. Shen","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0143","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the reliability of a cracked welded T-joint typically found in offshore structures. In the initial stages of crack propagation, when the crack is very small, propagation rates have been found to vary from those determined using traditional linear elastic fracture mechanics, possibly resulting in significant differences in the predicted lifetime of a structure. This effect is shown in a reliability analysis that uses measurements of crack closure tests performed by other workers to predict the lifetime of a welded T-joint with a surface crack located at the toe of the weld. The reliability in terms of fatigue lifetime is calculated using Paris’ crack propagation equation based upon an effective stress intensity factor calculated with Newman and Raju’s formulation for a cracked flat plate and modified with a weld magnification factor. The obtained reliabilities are then compared to those found without short crack considerations.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115580048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Method to Predict the Precipitation Hardening Response of a Particle Strengthened Aluminum-Lithium Alloy 一种预测颗粒强化铝锂合金沉淀硬化响应的方法
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0158
J. Fragomeni, B. Hillberry
{"title":"A Method to Predict the Precipitation Hardening Response of a Particle Strengthened Aluminum-Lithium Alloy","authors":"J. Fragomeni, B. Hillberry","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aluminum-Lithium alloys offer some attractive benefits over conventional aluminum alloys for aerospace structural applications. The benefits for the aerospace community include a weight-saving improvement as well as an increase strength and elastic modulus. The addition of lithium to aluminum increases the strength through heat treatment by a precipitation hardening process. This document describes an approach or method for predicting the precipitation hardening response for aluminum-lithium alloys using a given minimum number of experimental tests. The overall approach is based on the dislocation mechanics, particle coarsening, thermodynamics, and particle strengthening mechanisms applicable to precipitation hardened alloys. The method eliminates the need to know or determine several of the microstructural constants required for predicting the precipitation hardening response of a particle strengthened alloy. Thus, using the aluminum-lithium demonstration alloy, a minimum number of four tensile tests was utilized to predict the variation in strength with aging time, aging temperature, and composition, for the underaged, peak-aged, and overaged conditions.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128336492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Metallic Nanoparticle Suspensions in Advanced Cooling Systems 金属纳米颗粒悬浮液在先进冷却系统中的应用
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0161
Shinpyo Lee, Stephen U.-S. Choi
{"title":"Application of Metallic Nanoparticle Suspensions in Advanced Cooling Systems","authors":"Shinpyo Lee, Stephen U.-S. Choi","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the authors has proposed that an innovative new class of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending nanometer-sized metallic particles (nanoparticles) in conventional heat transfer fluids. The resulting “nanofluids” are expected to exhibit much higher thermal conductivities than those of currently used heat transfer fluids and represent the best hope for high-performance cooling in next-generation cooling systems. In this study, the advanced cooling technology has been applied to cooling crystal silicon mirrors used in high-intensity X-ray sources such as Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source. Because the X-ray beam creates tremendous heat as it strikes the mirror, cooling rates of 2000–3000 W/cm2 must be achievable with the advanced technology.\u0000 Analysis has been carried out to estimate the performance of microchannel heat exchangers with water, liquid nitrogen, and nanofluids as the working fluid. The design and optimization procedures for microchannel heat exchangers show the existence of an optimal channel width that minimizes the thermal resistance of a microchannel heat exchanger. For a pressure drop of 210 kPa (30 psi), the optimized channel width and depth are 56 μm and 360 μm for a water-cooled silicon heat sink and 39 μm and 1410 μm for a liquid-nitrogen-cooled silicon heat sink. For the optimized configuration, performance of the nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat exchanger has been compared with that of a water-cooled and liquid-nitrogen-cooled microchannel heat exchanger. The results show the superiority of a nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat exchanger. When nanofluids are used, the thermal resistances are reduced and the power densities are increased. Excellent thermal performance of a silicon microchannel heat exchanger has been demonstrated when nanofluids were used as the room temperature coolant.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Recent Advances in Finite Element Method for Stochastic Structures 随机结构有限元法研究进展
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0142
I. Elishakoff, Yongjian Ren
{"title":"Recent Advances in Finite Element Method for Stochastic Structures","authors":"I. Elishakoff, Yongjian Ren","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0142","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive motivation to do an additional work in the finite element method in stochastic problems (FEMSP) is discussed. The qualitative comparison of FEMSP with the state of the art of the deterministic FEM is given. These observations and thoughts are then realized in several manners. We first present the exact inverse FEMSP, which however can not serve as a general tool for stochastic analysis of complex structures. The new variational principles for stochastic beams, for the mean response function, as well as response’s auto-correlation function are formulated and the FEM based on the variational principles is presented. Finally, a general non-perturbative FEM for stochastic probelms is developed, based on the element-level flexibility. It is concluded that much work needs to be done in order FEMSP to be at the level compared to that of the deterministic FEM. The advantage of the main methods presented here over the conventional ones lies in their non-perturbaxional nature. Numerical examples are presented.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128944717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implications of Anisotropy and Structural Couplings on Dynamics and Instability of Spinning Thin-Walled Beams 各向异性和结构耦合对自旋薄壁梁动力学和不稳定性的影响
Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-0148
O. Song, L. Librescu
{"title":"Implications of Anisotropy and Structural Couplings on Dynamics and Instability of Spinning Thin-Walled Beams","authors":"O. Song, L. Librescu","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0148","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The problem of the mathematical modeling of anisotropic beams rotating with constant angular speed about the longitudinal body-axis fixed in the inertial space is addressed. The analysis is conducted in the context of thin-walled anisotropic composite beam theory which incorporates a number of non-classical effects. Among them there are the transverse shear, as well as primary and secondary warping effects. Special attention is paid to the influence played by anisotropy of constituent materials, boundary conditions and spinning speed on forward and backward precession frequencies and on instability speed. A number of applications involving both axisymmetric and doubly symmetric cross-section beams are presented and pertinent conclusions are outlined.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133682133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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