{"title":"Order of osakaite–namuwite–lahnsteinite formation during alkalization of sulfate solutions","authors":"Z. Delcheva, T. Stanimirova, N. Petrova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments with dropwise alkalization of a 0.1 M ZnSO4 solution with 1M NaOH were carried out to establish the formation order of Zn-hydroxy-sulfate minerals (osakaite, namuwite, and lahnsteinite). During the controlled alkalization with 1M NaOH of a 0.1M ZnSO4 solution, namuwite (osakaite), lahnsteinite and wulfingite are successively formed. The obtained precipitates were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM-EDS methods. The formation conditions and regions of stability of osakaite and namuwite are at near circumneutral pH (6.5–7), while lahnsteinite is stable at high pH (11–12). This explains the wider distribution of namuwite and osakaite in nature. The isomorphic substitution of Zn2+ cation with Cu2+ in the hydroxide layer of the Zn-hydroxy-sulfate minerals during controlled alkalization was studied using mixed 0.1M ZnSO4 + CuSO4 solution (molar ratio Zn:Cu = 4:1 and 1:1). During controlled alkalization of mixed Zn-Cu sulfate solutions, 25% copper cations are isomorphic incorporated in the namuwite (osakaite) and lahnsteinite structures. It was determined that this Cu2+ content is the upper limit of the isomorphism and corresponds to the occupation of 1/3 of octahedral positions.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calcareous nannoplankton response model of the global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in Riben section, Northern Bulgaria","authors":"K. Stoykova, M. Ivanov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model of calcareous nannoplankton response of the global warming at the PETM, based on studies of Bulgarian sections. New data acquired from forams’carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as high-resolution quantitative study of calcareous nannofossils suggest 3 phases of the event: pre-PETM, core of PETM and recovery phase. During the core phase, a significant increase in warm-water nannofossil species was registered, as well as signs of acidification and higher salinity of the surface waters (dissolution of carbonate skeletons of nannofossils). In the recovery phase, the cold-water species from pre-event conditions gradually return, however g. Fasciculithus completely disappears.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geochemistry of Triassic metasediments from easternmost part of Sakar Unit, Sakar-Strandzha Zone, SE Bulgaria","authors":"M. Georgieva, Tzvetomila Vladinova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.85","url":null,"abstract":"Triassic metasediments from the easternmost part of Sakar Unit, Sakar-Strandzha Zone, SE Bulgaria, show a high variety in their mineral and chemical composition from shales, wakes, litharenites to arkoses. Geochemical signatures suggest low to moderate weathering degree at their source and upper continental crust composition. The Triassic metasedimentary rocks were derived from felsic to intermediate igneous rocks with some recycled sediment input. On tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, based on immobile trace elements, the studied metasediments fall in the fields of continental island arc and active continental margin.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mineral composition of quartz-polymetallic veins in Sally Rocks, Livingston Island, Antarctica","authors":"Ralica Sabeva, Stefan Velev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"The quartz-polymetallic veins from Sally Rocks, Livingston Island, Antarctica are hosted in the Miers Bluff Formation, particularly in the sedimentary sequences of the Sally Rocks member, consisting of thin bedded alternation of mudstone and sandstone. The veins consist of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite predominate, galena is second in distribution, and pyrite and arsenopyrite are in a subordinate amount. According to the geological setting, textures, and mineral assemblages, the ore mineralization in Sally Rocks can be determined as hydrothermal which corresponds to the genesis of the other ore occurrences in the Hurd Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpretation of CPTu and SPT data about sandy soils in the Plovdiv region","authors":"Lyubomir Angelov, Tanya Vasileva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"CPTu (Piezocone Penetration Test) and Penetration tests – SPT (Standard Penetration Test) are the most used in situ tests in order to map a soil stratigraphy and determine the geotechnical parameters of construction soils. A comparison has been made between the relative density values obtained on the basis of the two types of field trials. The soils examined are classified according to well-established classification diagrams. The sandy soils are described in the range of dense to very dense. They have good strength and deformation characteristics – with a high friction angle and high Young’s modulus but the presence of a high level of groundwater is a prerequisite for their liquefaction under dynamic impacts.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elitsa Stefanova, M. Kadiyski, S. Georgiev, A. Hikov, Sylvina Georgieva, I. Peytcheva
{"title":"Optical cathodoluminescence petrography, combined with SEM and LA-ICP-MS analyses: a case study from the Elatsite porphyry Cu-Au deposit","authors":"Elitsa Stefanova, M. Kadiyski, S. Georgiev, A. Hikov, Sylvina Georgieva, I. Peytcheva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.117","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research, we have applied a combination of Cold-CL petrography with two in-situ techniques (SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS) to study quartz-pyrite-sericite veins with some carbonates from the Elatsite porphyry Cu-Au deposit. Based on Cold-CL images, we found out that these veins are formed during two stages: quartz-pyrite with sericite and later quartz-carbonate with chlorite. Together with the quartz and carbonates small amount of arsenian pyrite, hematite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and apatite are precipitated. SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS allowed determining that the observed zoning of the pyrite from Q-Py stage is due to a variable Co and Ni content. Similarly, the zonal growth of calcite is due to variable Mn content. Pyrite and arsenian pyrite have different trace element composition. Arsenian pyrite has elevated Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Sb and Tl contents compared to the pyrite. The combination of the three techniques was essential for resolving temporal relationships between the minerals within quartz-pyrite-carbonate veins and changes of the composition of the pyrite from the quartz-pyrite-sericite to the later quartz-carbonate stage.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48921634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Georgiev, Gatien L. F. Morin, L. Bidzhova, N. Botoucharov
{"title":"Depositional conditions for Lower–Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks from Northern Bulgaria inferred from whole-rock elemental composition","authors":"S. Georgiev, Gatien L. F. Morin, L. Bidzhova, N. Botoucharov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.81","url":null,"abstract":"The Lower–Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks from Northern Bulgaria represent important stratigraphic markers and a potential source for oil and gas accumulation. Here, we present preliminary major and trace element results for 22 sedimentary rock samples from the Bachiishte, Ozirovo, and Etropole Formations collected from the Balkanides and the Moesian Platform in Central-northern and Northwestern Bulgaria. The three studied formations have largely similar geochemical characteristics. The application of established geochemical proxies and comparison with recent and ancient sediments suggests that the samples were deposited in a shallow, high-energy environment with no water restriction. Eroding mafic to intermediate lithologies provided the sediment into the submerging Moesian Platform. Most redox-sensitive geochemical parameters suggest an overall oxygenated environment during sediment deposition, although specific samples show evidence for periodically dysoxic or anoxic water column conditions.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics and features of the hydrochemical regime of groundwater \u0000in the upper Pontian aquifer, Northwest Bulgaria","authors":"Aglaida Toteva, S. Tsakovski","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.267","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial and seasonal changes in the chemical composition of groundwater in the upper Pontian aquifer have been monitored. The results of the monitoring and the changes of the chemical parameters over time were evaluated based on GIS and statistical processing of the data.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}