ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)最新文献

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Risk Aversion in the Large and in the Small 大风险和小风险的规避
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1876529
Jørgen Haug, T. Hens, Peter Wohrmann
{"title":"Risk Aversion in the Large and in the Small","authors":"Jørgen Haug, T. Hens, Peter Wohrmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1876529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1876529","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of agents’ risk aversion differ between market studies and experimental studies. We demonstrate that these estimates can be reconciled through consistent treatment of agents’ propensity for narrow framing.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127689425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
First-Order (Conditional) Risk Aversion, Background Risk and Risk Diversification 一阶(条件)风险规避、背景风险与风险分散
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1800135
G. Dionne, Jingyuan Li
{"title":"First-Order (Conditional) Risk Aversion, Background Risk and Risk Diversification","authors":"G. Dionne, Jingyuan Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1800135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1800135","url":null,"abstract":"Expected utility functions are limited to second-order (conditional) risk aversion, while non-expected utility functions can exhibit either first-order or second-order (conditional) risk aversion. We extend the concept of orders of conditional risk aversion to orders of conditional dependent risk aversion. We show that first-order conditional dependent risk aversion is consistent with the framework of the expected utility hypothesis. We relate our results to risk diversification, provide insights into their application in economic and finance examples, and discuss their relation with the stock market participation puzzle.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"62 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129740446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Subjective Ambiguity and Preference for Flexibility 主观歧义与灵活性偏好
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-09-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1679351
Leandro Gorno, Paulo Natenzon
{"title":"Subjective Ambiguity and Preference for Flexibility","authors":"Leandro Gorno, Paulo Natenzon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1679351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1679351","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies preferences over menus of alternatives. A preference is monotonic when every menu is at least as good as any of its subsets. The main result is that any numerical representation for a monotonic preference can be written in minimax form. A minimax representation suggests a decision maker who faces uncertainty about her own future tastes and who exhibits an extreme form of ambiguity aversion with respect to this subjective uncertainty. Applying the main result in a setting with a finite number of alternatives leads to a natural weakening of the seminal characterization of preference for flexibility introduced by Kreps (1979). This new characterization clarifies the consequences of his last axiom, ordinal submodularity. While the remaining axioms are equivalent to the existence of a (weakly) increasing aggregator of second period maximal utilities, ordinal submodularity holds if and only if this aggregator can be taken to be strictly increasing.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Note on Wealth Effect under CARA Utility 论CARA效用下的财富效应
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1350225
Dmitry Makarov, Astrid V. Schornick
{"title":"A Note on Wealth Effect under CARA Utility","authors":"Dmitry Makarov, Astrid V. Schornick","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1350225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1350225","url":null,"abstract":"There is a simple but overlooked way of capturing the wealth effect under CARA utility via making the absolute-risk aversion parameter wealth-dependent. We implement this approach in the asymmetric information setting of Verrecchia (1982), and compare it with the alternative approach of changing the utility function (Peress, 2004). Ours is a straightforward tractable extension of Verrecchia, while Peress has to resort to approximate methods. Importantly, our closed-form solution reveals that the relation between wealth and wealth share invested in a risky asset can be negative, while Peress's main result is that this relation is uniquely positive.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125136906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Operational Risk Management in Rice Business Unit Business Process: Case Study on PT Pertani (Persero) 稻米事业部业务流程中的操作风险管理:以PT Pertani (Persero)为例
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-08-03 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1469678
E. T. Bobian
{"title":"Operational Risk Management in Rice Business Unit Business Process: Case Study on PT Pertani (Persero)","authors":"E. T. Bobian","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1469678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1469678","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents risk management process in a rice commodity company. Operational risk, as one of the oldest risk that already occurred in a business process for centuries is the main topic that will be discussed in the paper. Operational risk played important factor in the company’s business processes. It is one of the biggest areas of risk that most companies face but it is an area, which has not traditionally been managed in an organized manner. If a company failed to identify and manage operational risks, it may result in huge financial losses that will lead the company to collapse. The writer chose PT Pertani (Persero) as research subject, because they are experiencing stable losses in their rice business unit for a long time. If the company keeps experiencing losses, they might declare bankruptcy in short period. In order to improve the company’s performance, implementing operational risk management is crucial. Operational risk management included several steps, which are business process analysis, risk identification, risk measurement, and risk mitigation. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to approximate the loss distribution and probability distribution of each risk. Monte Carlo simulations make it possible to incorporate the uncertainty of valuation parameters, in particular the severity and probability of the risk event.The result of the research suggest that PT. Pertani (Persero) should implement operational risk management, because by implementing good operational risk management, the company could increase their overall performance by considering risks that followed each action the company take regarding operational processes. Hopefully this research will provided useful information for PT Pertani (Persero) to manage their operational risk.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115025063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Choice in Complex Environments 关于复杂环境中的选择
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1392622
M. Agastya, A. Slinko
{"title":"On Choice in Complex Environments","authors":"M. Agastya, A. Slinko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1392622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1392622","url":null,"abstract":"A Decision Maker (DM) must choose at discrete moments from a finite set of actions that result in random rewards. The environment is complex in that she finds it impossible to describe the states and is thus prevented from application of standard Bayesian methods. This paper presents an axiomatic theory of choice in such environments. Our approach is to postulate that the DM has a preference relation defined directly over the set of actions which is updated over time in response to the observed rewards. Three simple axioms that highlight the independence of the given actions, the bounded rationality of the agent, and the principle of insufficient reason at margin are necessary and sufficient for the DM's preferences to admit a utility representation. The DM's behavior in this case will be akin to fictitious play. We then show that, if rewards are drawn by a stationary stochastic process, the observed behavior of such a DM almost surely cannot be distinguished from anyone who is fully cognizant of the environment.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of Cash Flow on Investment: An Empirical Test of the Balance Sheet Channel 现金流对投资的影响:资产负债表渠道的实证检验
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1483016
O. Melander
{"title":"The Effect of Cash Flow on Investment: An Empirical Test of the Balance Sheet Channel","authors":"O. Melander","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1483016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1483016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tests the balance sheet theory, where the status of balance sheets affects the economy's response to monetary and other shocks. The theory predicts a positive effect of cash flow on investment, given fundamental determinants of investment. I use an empirical method developed by Gilchrist and Himmelberg (1995, 1999), which has previously only been used to study very large, publicly traded firms. In contrast, this paper uses a large Swedish data set with many smaller firms, where balance sheet effects are likely to be especially important. I find that a firm's cash flow has a positive impact on its investment, controlling for any information in cash flow about investment opportunities. As predicted by the balance sheet channel, the estimated effect of cash flow on investment is especially large for firms which, a priori, are more likely to be financially constrained (low-dividend, small and non-group firms). Moreover, the investment-cash flow sensitivity is significantly larger and more persistent during the first half of the sample period, which includes a severe banking crisis and recession, than during the second half.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Information Uncertainty, Information Asymmetry and Corporate Bond Yield Spreads 信息不确定性、信息不对称与公司债收益率价差
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-03-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1362156
Hsien-hsing Liao, Tsung-Kang Chen, Chia-Wu Lu, Wu Yi-Chieh
{"title":"Information Uncertainty, Information Asymmetry and Corporate Bond Yield Spreads","authors":"Hsien-hsing Liao, Tsung-Kang Chen, Chia-Wu Lu, Wu Yi-Chieh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1362156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1362156","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of information uncertainty and information asymmetry on corporate bond yield spreads using American data from 2001 to 2006. Empirical results of this study show that investors charge a significant risk premium for both information uncertainty and information asymmetry when controlling for variables well known in the literature. The results are robust even when controlling for credit ratings. Finally, information uncertainty and asymmetry help structural-form credit models explain the yield spreads of bonds with short maturities.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126203364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 153
Risk and Return of Private Equity: An Overview of Data, Methods and Results 私募股权的风险与回报:数据、方法和结果综述
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-03-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1352351
Ludovic Phalippou
{"title":"Risk and Return of Private Equity: An Overview of Data, Methods and Results","authors":"Ludovic Phalippou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1352351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1352351","url":null,"abstract":"I cover the different methods to measure risk and return of investing into private equity (also called buyout). However, the reader may bear in mind that the challenges and methods are very similar for other assets classes such as venture capital, real estate or mezzanine. In terms of vocabulary, I call a (portfolio) company the entity receiving the financing from a private equity fund, and private equity firm the organization running private equity funds (e.g. KKR funds, Bain capital funds). The capital committed to private equity funds increased from $3.5 billion in 1984 to over $300 billion in 2007 and more than $1 trillion of assets are estimated to be in the hand of private equity funds in 2007. This growth has often been attributed to a widespread belief of stellar performance and low risk but no rate of return has even been shown in support of this belief (only some multiples or IRRs) and no risk measure has been computed. Recent academic evidence which I document below is at odd with this belief.In this chapter, I review studies of risk and return of private equity which I complement with original empirical work. I distinguish between four types of data. Each represents a different level of challenge for measuring risk and return. From the easiest to the most difficult: i) publicly traded vehicles, ii) round valuation data [the econometrician knows the initial and final value of the investment but does not know the time-series of investment values; there is no intermediary cash-flows], iii) investment level [cash flows realized by the fund from an investment], and iv) fund level [cash flows faced by investors for their stake in a fund]. In the last two cases, the econometrician does not have a correspondence between each amount distributed and invested. These two cases require the same method, are most challenging and are the most relevant in practice.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114941298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Loss Reserving Using Loss Aversion Functions 基于损失厌恶函数的损失保留
ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-02-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1348279
Weihao Choo, Piet De Jong
{"title":"Loss Reserving Using Loss Aversion Functions","authors":"Weihao Choo, Piet De Jong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1348279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1348279","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the determination of risk capital based on \"aversion\" functions. Aversion functions weigh different outcomes according to perceived severity. Many practical and popular risk measures are usefully viewed in terms of aversion functions including those arising from distortion operators and risk margin loadings. The approach of this paper builds on, unifies, and extends existing disparate approaches discussed in the literature. Analytical and computer generated illustrations are given as well as suggestions for the practical determination of aversion functions.","PeriodicalId":406145,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk & Uncertainty (Topic)","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123559355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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