Science, Technology, & Human Values最新文献

Citizen Observations as Legal Obligations: (Dis)Associations and Representation at the Swedish Land and Environment Court of Appeal 作为法律义务的公民意见：瑞典土地与环境上诉法院的（非）协会与代表权

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241265521

Dick Kasperowski, Jesse Peterson, Niclas Hagen

{"title":"Citizen Observations as Legal Obligations: (Dis)Associations and Representation at the Swedish Land and Environment Court of Appeal","authors":"Dick Kasperowski, Jesse Peterson, Niclas Hagen","doi":"10.1177/01622439241265521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241265521","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing international trend in environmental activism to use legal institutions and infrastructures for citizen science (CS) to affect policy and regulation. However, knowledge about observations produced in activist CS and their functions at courts is scarce. To address this, we analyze how citizen observations (COs) reported to an established infrastructure for CS assist in producing legal obligations. Sweden provides an exemplary case due to the integration between CS biodiversity infrastructures, environmental regulation, and the increasing number of legal environmental conflicts. Data was gathered from documentation of legal cases argued in front of the Land and Environment Court of Appeal (LECA) from 2012 to 2020, and interviews with civil servants at Swedish environmental public authorities. Through a qualitative analysis, we find several ways that COs get associated to legal obligations, including through civil servants’ decisions, species spatial-temporality, comparisons between different CS reporting systems, the negotiation of species status on red lists, and interpretations of species behavior. We relate our findings to a broader discussion on what forms of representation matter in environmental regulation and who and what can speak for species and entities making up the world.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"54 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scripts of Security: Between Contingency and Obduracy 安全脚本：权宜之计与顽固不化之间

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241258822

Annalisa Pelizza, Claudia Aradau

{"title":"Scripts of Security: Between Contingency and Obduracy","authors":"Annalisa Pelizza, Claudia Aradau","doi":"10.1177/01622439241258822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241258822","url":null,"abstract":"The special issue on Scripts of Security proposes to advance interdisciplinary exchanges between Science and Technology Studies and Critical Security Studies. While performativity, enactment, and intra-action have opened important questions about the messiness of security practices and the contingency of their effects, there has been less attention to the obduracy of institutionalized agency and how continuities and asymmetries of power are reproduced, challenged, and maintained. This Special Issue proposes to revisit and rework the notion of script and the related analytical toolkit to make sense of both contingency and obduracy in the technopolitics of security. The contributions gathered here make three interventions in order to account for contemporary challenges posed by the increasing securitization of diverse sociotechnical practices. Firstly, they update, integrate, and reconfigure the notion of script and its associated toolbox to account for the specificities of security practices. Secondly, the articles revisit critical analyses of security in light of the notion of script. Finally, they show how such an updated notion of script can hold together accounts of contingency and obduracy and not jettison one at the expense of the other.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Political Prescriptions: Three Pandemic Stories” 政治处方：三个大流行病的故事

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241261590

引用次数: 0

Creating Interpretative Spaces in and with Digital Infrastructures: How Editors Select Reviewers at a Biomedical Publisher 在数字基础设施中并利用数字基础设施创建解释空间：生物医学出版社的编辑如何选择审稿人

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241257720

Felicitas Hesselmann, Judith Hartstein

{"title":"Creating Interpretative Spaces in and with Digital Infrastructures: How Editors Select Reviewers at a Biomedical Publisher","authors":"Felicitas Hesselmann, Judith Hartstein","doi":"10.1177/01622439241257720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241257720","url":null,"abstract":"Digital infrastructures, such as editorial management systems (EMS), play a crucial role in academic publishing. However, despite their ubiquity, they have received surprisingly little analytical attention. Here, we investigate how EMSs are employed in practice and contribute to editorial evaluations. Conducting a case study of a biomedical publisher, we investigate the selection of peer reviewers by editors, using both qualitative and quantitative data. When looking at how interactions between editors and the digital infrastructures unfold, we observed three analytically different types of interaction: (1) editors and infrastructure jointly accomplish the acceleration of peer review, (2) editors mitigate the infrastructure when establishing a collective memory, and (3) editors disengage from the infrastructure when they evaluate potential reviewers. Through strategic disengagement from and mitigation of the infrastructures, editors create interpretative spaces for themselves. This way, most of the interpretative and evaluative work still remains in the domain of the human editorial staff. Our results furthermore highlight the importance of the specific spatial, social, organizational, and cultural conditions of the editorial office for editors’ ability to modulate their engagement with the infrastructures, create interpretative spaces, and shape infrastructural effects.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Predicts? Scientific Authority and User Expertise in Dutch Storm Warnings 1860-1920 谁来预测？1860-1920 年荷兰风暴警报中的科学权威和用户专业知识

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241257283

David Baneke

{"title":"Who Predicts? Scientific Authority and User Expertise in Dutch Storm Warnings 1860-1920","authors":"David Baneke","doi":"10.1177/01622439241257283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241257283","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that expert authority can be the result of a process of co-construction by scientists and users, using the case of the Netherlands’ storm warnings system. I analyze the changing “culture of prediction” of the Netherlands’ storm warnings system between 1860 and about 1920, focusing on the changing relation between scientific experts and users with experience-based expertise. When started, the storm warnings relied on users taking an active role. The new storm warning system, introduced by Buys Ballot in 1860 following the introduction of telegraph networks, explicitly tried to mobilize sailors’ weather wisdom. Following complaints from the maritime community and controversies about criteria for accuracy or reliability around 1900, storm forecasting authority became the exclusive domain of scientists. Interestingly, the authority of experts was not challenged during this controversy. Rather, the debates focused on mutual expectations of expertise and on whether the storm warning system was primarily a scientific or a practical system. This paper is based on historical documentation from the archives of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, which includes the perspectives of users.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"22 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tolerable Tests: Regulating Diagnostic Innovation in a Global Health Emergency, Lessons from Ebola 可容忍的测试：在全球卫生紧急情况下规范诊断创新，埃博拉的教训

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241252709

Alice Street, Ann H. Kelly

{"title":"Tolerable Tests: Regulating Diagnostic Innovation in a Global Health Emergency, Lessons from Ebola","authors":"Alice Street, Ann H. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/01622439241252709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241252709","url":null,"abstract":"The response to the 2014-2016 West African epidemic was a watershed for emergency research and innovation, forcing a shift in regulatory norms as evidentiary standards were pitted against humanitarian imperatives and biosecurity concerns. This article examines how those ethical and epistemic negotiations unfolded in practice through the development, testing, and use of novel tools for Ebola diagnosis with a focus on Sierra Leone. We track the priorities placed on the accuracy, feasibility, and clinical efficiency of Ebola diagnostic platforms and explore how these varied over the course of the outbreak and for different actors involved in their deployment. The lack of clarity over which tools might be fit for purpose exposed the profound ambiguities around the nature, scope, and purpose of building in-country Ebola diagnostic capacity. Ultimately, we argue that the accelerated regulatory process coordinated by the World Health Organization operated as a liminal procedure that both revealed the scientific, ethical, and political trade-offs and inequalities attendant to an emerging regime of emergency research and development, and provided a tentative, reflexive platform for regulatory experimentation, deliberation, and reform.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Open Deliberation and the Capturing of Public Opinion: Producing Opinions in Public Engagement 在公开讨论与捕捉民意之间：在公众参与中制造舆论

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241251525

Svenja Breuer, Michael Penkler

引用次数: 0

Extractions: Data Infrastructures and the Public Good 摘录：数据基础设施与公益

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241242872

Ana Delgado, Susanne Bauer

引用次数: 0

Buttery Smooth: Privacy’s Bundling with Attention in Web Browser Performance 奶油般光滑：网络浏览器性能中的隐私与关注度捆绑问题

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241245801

Lake Polan

{"title":"Buttery Smooth: Privacy’s Bundling with Attention in Web Browser Performance","authors":"Lake Polan","doi":"10.1177/01622439241245801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241245801","url":null,"abstract":"Long considered an object of the law, Americans increasingly encounter privacy via the operations and settings of networked technologies. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with privacy engineers and their corporate colleagues, this paper examines how privacy’s manifestation in web technologies opens it to pragmatic linkages with new sensuous qualities and interpretive possibilities. The paper’s primary object is Project Quantum, a company-wide effort initiated by the Mozilla Corporation in 2016 to build a new engine for its Firefox web browser, thus radically improving Firefox’s “performance.” I show that animating Project Quantum was an ideal of smooth, snappy performance that Firefox engineers understood to be keyed to the demands of user attention and attempted to establish for users as meaningful signs of Mozilla’s engineering prowess and paternalistic care. Drawing on the study of “qualia”—phenomenal experiences of abstract qualities—I identify performance engineering as a key site of privacy’s semiotic bundling with attention, through which privacy’s practically available forms are taking on idealized qualities of speed and smoothness. Attending to privacy’s qualia, I propose, provides methodological access to the institutional and global value systems reconfiguring privacy’s political capacities as it becomes an object of technological stewardship and intervention.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing Like a Model Fish: How Digital Extractions Mediate Metabolic Relations 像模范鱼一样观察：数字提取如何调解新陈代谢关系

Science, Technology, & Human Values Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/01622439241236520

Susanne Bauer

{"title":"Seeing Like a Model Fish: How Digital Extractions Mediate Metabolic Relations","authors":"Susanne Bauer","doi":"10.1177/01622439241236520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241236520","url":null,"abstract":"Digital models have become key sites of biological practice and science policy. This paper examines efforts to craft a digital salmon model for metabolic research. It traces the data configurations of feed, food, and health in Norway’s bioeconomy aspirations—from cell culture studies in the lab to an integrated digital repository and public health nutrition trials in schools. A response to policy calls for more sustainable aquaculture, digital models become lynchpins for intensified data sourcing. I describe how datafication and digital model integration enact a particular mode of management, focused on profitability and human preferences, when optimizing fish feed to sustainability goals. Integrating molecular biology and mathematical functions, digital modeling promotes the idea of a prediction machine for preemptive optimization of feed and food across settings. Yet, unforeseen disruptions to aquaculture, for instance, by algae and lice, expose the complexity of marine food webs and the limitations of digital models. Even while in the making, the digital fish model becomes performative and shapes knowledge practices much beyond the lab. As knowledge infrastructures, models participate in the remaking of metabolic relations, recalibrating decision-making, while feeding back into and co-shaping the very entities and environments they were crafted to investigate.","PeriodicalId":406055,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, & Human Values","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values最新文献

Science, Technology, & Human Values最新文献