{"title":"Diode laser arrays","authors":"D. Botez, D. Scifres","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511524127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511524127","url":null,"abstract":"High-power laser-diode arrays have now become commercially available at cw power levels of 10 W and at quasi-cw power levels of as great as 250 W. This tutorial will address the operation and limitations of high-power laser diodes, including physics of operation, lasing wavelength, reliability, power limits, and modulation rates. New technologies, such as two-dimensional surface emitters and coherent laser arrays, will also be described, as will prospects for future developments and improvements.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content addressable networks","authors":"S. A. Brodsky","doi":"10.1364/oam.1992.mbb6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.mbb6","url":null,"abstract":"Content addressable networks (CAN) are a family of network learning algorithms for supervised, tutored, and self-organized systems based on binary weights and parallel binary computations. CAN networks directly address the implementation costs associated with high precision weight storage and computation. CAN networks are efficient learning systems with capabilities comparable to analog networks. Supervised CAN systems use error information for weight corrections in a manner analogous to that of backpropagation gradient descent. The tutored CAN network model uses \"yes\" or \"no\" feedback as a guide for forming associative categories. The self-organized model derives corrections internally to form recall categories in an adaptive resonance theory style network. The CAN algorithms derive advantages from their intrinsic binary nature and efficient implementation in both optical and VLSI computing systems. CAN solutions for quantized problems may be used directly to initialize analog backpropagation networks. The CAN network has been implemented optically, with optical computation of both recall and learning. Development of supervised CAN networks in VLSI with learning on-chip continues.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donald T. Miller, D. Cho, G. Morris, David Williams
{"title":"Bispectral imaging through unknown deterministic aberrations","authors":"Donald T. Miller, D. Cho, G. Morris, David Williams","doi":"10.1080/09500349514551331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500349514551331","url":null,"abstract":"When the deterministic aberrations are known in an optical system, traditional de-blurring methods, such as the Wiener filter and aberration compensating filters, are effective. However, when the aberrations are difficult to quantify, as are telescope aberrations or the aberrations in the human eye, more practical methods are needed. One potential method for de-blurring a system with unknown aberrations is the bispectral imaging method. This image recovery technique reconstructs the object's Fourier phase by using a sequence of statistically independent aberrated images of the spatially incoherent object. It has been found to be promising in removing the effects of deterministic aberrations when random aberrations are present or are artificially introduced into the system.1, 2 Through computer simulations, we have found the correct amount of random aberrations to have present in a system containing deterministic aberrations to optimize the image quality of the reconstruction at high light levels. Defocus and several third order aberrations were considered in the isoplanatic case. The performance of this method was characterized by reconstructing a point source and computing its Strehl ratio. These results will be used to incorporate the bispectral imaging method as part of a noninvasive technique to reconstruct high resolution images of the eye's fundus in human subjects. Computer simulated images will be presented.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134219570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Feldman, J. L. Camp, Rohini Sharma, J. Morris, John N. Lee
{"title":"Comparison between holographic and guided-wave interconnects for VLSI multiprocessor systems","authors":"M. Feldman, J. L. Camp, Rohini Sharma, J. Morris, John N. Lee","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511563898.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511563898.005","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of guided-wave and holographic optical interconnects are compared to each other and to conventional electrical interconnects for use in high-performance very-large-scale integration (VLSI) parallel computing systems. The comparison is based on chip-to-chip communication within and between VLSI thermal-conduction multichip modules. The interconnects are evaluated in terms of maximum data transmission rate, power dissipation, crosstalk, and connection density as a function of the number of processors in the system. Previous comparisons between optical and electrical interconnects1 for intrachip communication neglected transmission line effects. Because of the range of interconnect lengths (1–10 cm), both transmission-line and lumped RC line effects must be taken into account for electrical connections. Also, the light propagation delay for both holographic and guided-wave connections are significant. Owing to the high index of refraction of guided-wave systems, they have a longer propagation delay than do free-space systems. Advantages and disadvantages of multiplexing several signals over the optical connections have been analyzed. Detector circuit amplifiers, optimal in the sense that they minimize total power dissipation, have been designed.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123821834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inverse problems with quasi-homogeneous random media utilizing scattered pulses","authors":"D. Fischer, B. Cairns","doi":"10.1080/09500349514550601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500349514550601","url":null,"abstract":"Inversion formulas are presented for determining the two-point spatial correlation function of the dielectric susceptibility of a quasi-homogeneous1 random medium. The method requires that the medium be illuminated by plane-wave pulses and that the time resolved intensity profile of the scattered field in the far zone be known for all directions of incidence and all directions of scattering. The solution yields expressions for both constituent factors of the two-point spatial correlation function of the medium, namely the strength of the dielectric susceptibility and its degree of spatial correlation. We illustrate our analysis by some examples.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft-x-ray optics","authors":"E. Spiller","doi":"10.1117/3.176482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/3.176482","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial will serve as an introduction to the papers in the symposia on soft x-rays. We will explain the basic physics of imaging and dispersing devices (zone plates, multilayer structures, gratings) for x-rays in an intuitive way. Fabrication tolerances and methods together with the required metrology for the highest performance and the present state of the art will be discussed. An overview of the present and anticipated future applications will be given.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalization of complex Snell–Descartes and Fresnel laws","authors":"M. Dupertuis, M. Proctor, B. Acklin","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.11.001159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.11.001159","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic inhomogeneous plane waves (HIPW) are stationary solutions of the Max-well equations for an unbounded medium and take the following form: where k is the a complex wavevector. Since k is complex the waves may be exponentially decreasing or increasing in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation (in a nonabsorbing medium). Although not fully physical because they are not square intergrable, HIPW remain very useful in a number of problems as do plane waves1,2, for example the description of evanescent and surface waves and also the well known exact Sommerfield solution to the diffraction of a planewave by a conducting halfplane use HIPW.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115600727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved spatial and temporal performance of a phase-conjugate resonator using an intracavity-mode homogenizer","authors":"G. Dunning, S. McCahon, M. Klein, D. Pepper","doi":"10.1364/JOSAB.11.000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.11.000339","url":null,"abstract":"We utilized an intracavity-mode homogenizer to increase the number of transverse modes and improve the temporal stability of a linear phase conjugate resonator (PCR). Unlike conventional resonators in which intracavity lenses can be used to enlarge the mode volume, an equivalent PCR may not produce the same spatial and temporal characteristics. We attribute these effects to the nonuniform reflectivity of the PCM as a function of input angle and to gain competition. We increased the mode volume and improved the stability of the output beam by introducing a 20-cm long rectangular light pipe in conjunction with a phase aberrator. The light pipe mapped each region of the conventional mirror into a large number of spatial modes before striking the PCM. Thus, all regions of the conventional mirror experience the same reflectivity at the PCM. In four-wave mixing experiments, the light pipe increased the angular width of the PCM reflectivity from 10° (with no light pipe) to 25°, FWHM. In resonator experiments with the intracavity light pipe, the oscillation of a 3.5-mm diameter transverse mode could be controlled from on-axis operation to 11-mm off-axis. In addition, temporal instabilities in the output pattern were reduced.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131458752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optoneural system for invariant pattern recognition","authors":"Claude Lejeune, Y. Sheng","doi":"10.1139/p93-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/p93-063","url":null,"abstract":"An optoneural system, which consists of an optical correlator and a neural network, is developed for invariant pattern recognition. The correlator uses Fourier-Mellin spatial filters (FMF) for feature extraction. The impulse response of a FMF is equal to the kernel function of the circular-Fourier and radial-Mellin transform. The filter itself contains no object information and yields an unique output for each input object. The features used as input to the neural network are the geometrical parameters of the 2-D pattern of the output local peaks. The neural network used is a multilayer feed forward net with a back propagation learning rule. The advantages of this approach are that a FMF may be used for all input objects without the need for training or updating the filter, and that the number of the extracted features is small, making it possible to use a small neural network. This Fourier-Mellin optoneural system shows multiple object recognition, which is invariant not only to rotation and scale changes but also to translations of the input objects.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertainty-limited atomic position measurement using optical fields","authors":"John E. Thomas","doi":"10.1364/oam.1990.fr4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fr4","url":null,"abstract":"We are currently developing Raman-induced resonance-imaging techniques for ultrahigh-resolution position measurement and localization of moving atoms.1 We obtain transit-time-limited frequency resolution in intense spatially varying potentials, which correlate the atomic position with the Raman resonance frequency. The use of optical fields for the Raman region permits easy application to very small interaction volumes where extremely large spatially varying Zeeman shifts or light shifts (109-1012 Hz/cm) can be employed to achieve position resolution as high as 7 nm. This leads to quantum-mechanical limitations on the measurement accuracy.","PeriodicalId":406038,"journal":{"name":"Optical Society of America Annual Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127554872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}