{"title":"Concluding remarks","authors":"J. A. Davies","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter highlights one physiological principle that shines through the discussion of human physiology: the emergence of control through the cooperative, collective action of different entities. Studying physiology is about more than gaining facts. It is also about gaining an outlook that can see, analyse, and appreciate the action of cooperative systems. It is an outlook that fully acknowledges the importance of understanding at the molecular level, but that can still retain a focus on what the molecules are for. In this respect, physiology connects more than most with our deepest questions about what it is to be human.","PeriodicalId":405287,"journal":{"name":"Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. Defence","authors":"J. A. Davies","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes how the human body protects its internal conditions against micro-organisms and the environment. The body’s first line of defence is the mechanical barrier provided by the skin, a part of the integumentary system. When the integument is breached, the body’s immediate priority is to seal the hole by coagulation of the leaking blood. The next line of defence is chemical: the secretions that cover the surfaces of eyes and the inside of the nose contain a variety of proteins that attack bacteria. Within the blood and fluids that bathe internal tissues are proteins of the complement system. The chapter then considers the innate and the adaptive immune systems.","PeriodicalId":405287,"journal":{"name":"Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"14 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. Reproduction","authors":"J. A. Davies","doi":"10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60241-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60241-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405287,"journal":{"name":"Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132692195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Sensation","authors":"J. A. Davies","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198869887.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines sensation, which is a catch-all term for monitoring any state and feeding it into a physiological process. When people talk of their ‘senses’ they usually mean the five senses by which they consciously monitor features of the outside world. These senses—vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch—provide rich flows of information and most make use of specialized organs. In all five cases, the sensory system combines two functions: measurement of a stimulus and encoding it in a way that can be transmitted via a nerve into the brain. In addition, the brain may signal back to the sensing system to modulate the way that it works.","PeriodicalId":405287,"journal":{"name":"Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}