Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating the Nature of the Links Between Cannabis Use and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Amanda Stueber, C. Cuttler","doi":"10.26226/morressier.60dc99e65d86378f03b413df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.60dc99e65d86378f03b413df","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals with mental health disorders use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder associated with increased cannabis use but, relative to other mental disorders (e.g., anxiety, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder), far less attention has been paid to examining cannabis use by people with ADHD. Nevertheless, there is some limited evidence to suggest that people with ADHD might use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms and that they perceive it to be beneficial for this purpose. The goal of this study was to better understand the nature of the relationships between cannabis use and A total of 1,382 undergraduate students completed an online survey measuring their ADHD symptoms, and cannabis use patterns. Participants who reported they have used cannabis to manage their ADHD were further asked to report their perceptions of whether acute and/or chronic cannabis use improves, worsens, or has no effect on their ADHD symptoms. Participants who reported they have been prescribed ADHD medication and use cannabis also reported their perception of how cannabis use affects the effectiveness of their medication, and ADHD medication side effects. Evidence from this study revealed that ADHD symptom severity is associated with consuming cannabis more frequently and with more severe symptoms of cannabis use disorder. Participants with ADHD reported that cannabis has acute detrimental effects on memory but beneficial effects on many of their other core symptoms of ADHD, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, restlessness, and mental frustration. While most participants on ADHD medications reported that cannabis does not influence their medication effectiveness, they did report that cannabis helps with many of the side effects associated with their ADHD medications including headaches, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, moodiness/irritability, and anxiety. The knowledge gained from this study will help people with ADHD and their healthcare providers by providing them with a better understanding of the use of cannabis by individuals with ADHD including the possible risks and benefits of such use on cannabis use disorder, ADHD symptoms, and medication side effects.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124464836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites","authors":"Gabrielle Longo, Frida de Luna, Mahnoor Ahmad","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecolo","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125094145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distress Tolerance and Hazardous Cannabis Use: Does the Form of Cannabis Matter?","authors":"Melissa Sotelo, Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.25","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Among cannabis users, low distress tolerance may result in greater vulnerability for hazardous cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Although this relationship has been reported in the past, the role of primary form of cannabis used has not been examined as a moderator of this association. While marijuana flower remains the preferred form of cannabis used, there has been an increasing popularity of other forms of cannabis, including concentrates and edibles. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use, as well as to determine whether the primary form of cannabis used would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Methods. Participants completed a survey on cannabis use, including questionnaires on distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use. 695 (67.60% male) past-month cannabis users were included in the current analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess whether distress tolerance, primary form of cannabis used, and their interaction were associated with hazardous cannabis use, while controlling for covariates such as demographic variables and past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use frequency. Results. There was a significant regression equation (F(13, 681) = 33.31, p < .001, R2 = 0.39) that included a main effect for distress tolerance (b = 0.64, p < 0.001), indicating that lower tolerance for distress was significantly related to hazardous cannabis use. There was also a main effect for primary form of cannabis used, where preference for using concentrates compared to marijuana flower was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = 1.38, p = 0.006), preference for using marijuana flower compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -4.39, p < 0.001), and preference for using concentrates compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -5.76, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the primary form of cannabis used significantly moderated the relationship between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use (F(2, 681) = 3.77, p = 0.024, R2 change = 0.01). Specifically, the relationship between low distress tolerance and more hazardous cannabis use was moderated by preference for marijuana flower (b = 0.64, p < 0.001) and concentrates (b = 0.69, p < 0.001), but was not moderated by preference for using edibles as the primary form of cannabis (b = 0.18, p = 0.25). Conclusions. By determining which particular cannabis users have the strongest relationship between lower tolerance for distress and hazardous cannabis use, these findings can help inform interventions geared towards aiding individuals to better tolerate stressful situations so as to minimize their hazardous cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125935874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of urgency and sensation seeking on cannabis use and related problems via motives","authors":"Caitlin A. Falco, A. Looby","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.29","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable predictor of substance use is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct in which specific facets demonstrate differential associations with aspects of substance use. Though research has delineated the association between substance use and impulsivity generally, work examining facets and their relation to cannabis use specifically is more limited. Additionally, motivational models of substance use suggest that an individual’s reasons for use are the most proximal predictors of substance use, serving as a mediating mechanism by which other variables operate to influence use and related behaviors. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying cannabis use, the current study assessed the relation between three facets of impulsivity that have demonstrated compelling associations with cannabis (i.e., positive urgency, negative urgency; and sensation seeking) and their association with frequency of cannabis use and related consequences via motives. College students (N = 652, Mage = 19.59, 72.2% female) from seven universities that reported past-month cannabis use completed an online survey assessing frequency of past-month cannabis use, number of related problems, facets of impulsivity, and cannabis use motives. A bootstrapped path analysis was conducted, in which negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking were modeled as simultaneous predictors of past-month cannabis-related problems via parallel mediators of enjoyment, coping, and social anxiety motives, and via past-month days of cannabis use. Positive and negative urgency were significant mediators in the same pathways: 1) social anxiety motives positively mediated the association between urgency and frequency of past-month cannabis use (negative urgency: β=0.37, 95% CI [0.046, 0.86]; positive urgency: β=0.87, 95% CI [0.44, 1.43]); 2) coping motives positively mediated the association between urgency and cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.47, 95% CI [0.28, 0.71]; positive urgency: β=0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.55]; and 3) a serial mediation effect such that urgency was positively associated with anxiety motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]; positive urgency: β=0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.21]). Further, two indirect effects were found for sensation seeking: 1) enjoyment motives positively mediated the association between sensation seeking and frequency of past-month use (β=0.23, 95% CI [0.40, 0.53]); and 2) a serial mediation effect such that sensation seeking was positively associated with enjoyment motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which in turn was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (β=0.03, 95% CI [0.005, 0.01]). Results appear to suggest that individuals high in urgency using to avoid or cope with negative affect or social anxiety an","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122398947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young adults’ perceptions of cannabis risks, benefits, and quality of life by chronic pain status","authors":"Bethany R. Shorey-Fennell, Renee E. Magnan, Benjamin O Ladd, J. Fales","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.33","url":null,"abstract":"Many young adults experience chronic pain and may be more likely to self-medicate with cannabis. The present study examined perceptions of personal risks and benefits of cannabis use among young adult users, assessed if these perceptions varied by chronic pain status, and identified relationships among perceived risks and benefits, health-related quality of life, and cannabis-related problems. Young adult regular cannabis users (n=176), half of whom met criteria for chronic pain, reported their perceptions of lifetime risks and benefits associated with cannabis use, as well as their physical and mental health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems. Overall, participants perceived low risk associated with their cannabis use and moderate benefits. Perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use were associated with mental, but not physical health-related quality of life. Only perceived risk was associated with cannabis-related problems. Cannabis use, problems, risks, and benefits did not differ by chronic pain status. As expected, young adults without chronic pain reported better physical and mental health-related quality of life than those with chronic pain. Finally, chronic pain status moderated the relationships between perceived benefits and physical health-related quality of life and cannabis problems. The current study offers insight into the role of perceived risks and benefits in young adults’ cannabis use and associations with physical and mental health outcomes. The effects of perceived benefits on physical health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems may be conditional based on chronic pain status. Future research should further explore the relationship of perceived benefits of cannabis use on health outcomes and cannabis-related problems.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Associations with Latent Profiles of Substance Use and Executive Cognitive Functioning","authors":"T. Chung, M. Steinberg, M. Bridgeman, Yingying Chen","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) almost doubles car crash risk (odds ratios range: 1.28-2.49). Known DUIC correlates include male gender, low perceived danger of DUIC, and greater frequency of cannabis and other drug use. Less is known about the role of executive cognitive functioning (e.g., skills in planning, organization) as a correlate of DUIC. Deficits in executive cognitive functioning could precede, and be exacerbated by heavy cannabis use, potentially contributing to DUIC risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional survey study used a person-centered analysis (latent profile analysis) to (1) identify prototypical profiles representing aspects of executive functioning and substance use in young adults, and (2) determine which profiles were associated with self-report of DUIC. We hypothesized that at least two profiles would be identified: mainly or only cannabis use vs polysubstance use. We also predicted that the polysubstance use profile would be associated with worse executive functioning and self-report of DUIC. Method: Young adults (N=69; ages 18-25; mean age=20.0 [SD=1.9]; 62.3% female; 75.4% White, 13.0% Black, 11.6% Other race/ethnicity) who reported weekly cannabis use were recruited from the community in Pittsburgh, PA to participate in a study of cannabis effects on cognition. Baseline collected demographics, self-reported age of cannabis use onset (age <16 vs age >16), NIDA modified ASSIST, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) (working memory, organization/planning scales), and Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (item on “driven a car when high” in past 6 months). Latent profile analysis (LatentGold 5.1) was used to identify distinct classes, testing the fit of 1-5 classes. Each model included 10 indicators: age of cannabis use onset, frequency of cannabis and tobacco use, cannabis withdrawal severity, ASSIST scores for cannabis, cocaine and hallucinogens (the substances most often reported), AUDIT score, and BRIEF working memory, and organization/planning scores. For the best fitting model, covariates (i.e., self-report of DUIC, age, gender) were examined as profile correlates in a separate, final step. Results: A model with 3 latent profiles was selected (see Figure). The profiles represented “Polysubstance Use” (40.8%), “Primary Cannabis” (22.3%), and “Later Onset Cannabis” (36.9%). Polysubstance use profile reported more cannabis-related problems and other drug use, and more problems with executive functioning than the other profiles (p<.05). Later Onset (vs Polysubstance Use) profile had older onset age (p<.05), and had the lowest level of cannabis involvement. Primary Cannabis and Later Onset profiles did not differ in report of problems with executive functioning. DUIC in the past 6 months (reported by 50.7% of the total sample) was more likely to be reported by Polysubstance use than Later Onse","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130437567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use in Pregnancy","authors":"Lauren Micalizzi, R. Gunn","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39","url":null,"abstract":"Concern for adverse effects of prenatal cannabis use (PCU) is warranted. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends refraining from PCU, because Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) crosses the placenta at approximately 10% of maternal levels, which can result in adverse offspring outcomes. Little is known about patterns and contexts of PCU; to advance this effort, 64 pregnant women who use cannabis were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for a study of PCU thoughts and behaviors. Women were, on average, 22 years of age (range 22-49); mean income was ~$44,000 (range $0-$150,000). 53.3% of respondents were in the first trimester, 43.3% were in the second and 3.4% were in the third. Polysubstance use was common; 25% reported prenatal alcohol use and 64% reported prenatal tobacco use. Approximately 40% reported using about the same amount of cannabis as before pregnancy. Regarding availability and patterns, approximately 44% indicated that cannabis was “somewhat” or “very” easy to get. Women in the third trimester reported the most frequent PCU. Across all trimesters, the majority of women reported using cannabis with roughly equal parts THC and cannabidiol and PCU primarily consisted of consumption of leaf and concentrates. The most common modes of administration were joints in the first trimester and hand pipes in the second and third trimesters. On a typical PCU day, approximately 70% of participants reported consuming ¼ gram of flower or less, 73% reported taking 5 or fewer hits of concentrates, and 85% reported ingesting 10 milligrams of THC or less in edibles. PCU among social networks was prevalent; over 50% reported that their spouse/partner used cannabis during their pregnancy and approximately 80% reported that a few, several, or most of their family and friends use cannabis. Regarding contexts, during a typical week, women reported PCU in their homes (alone [30%], with others [54.7%]), at friends’ or family members’ homes (alone [28%], with others [39%]), in bars/nightclubs/restaurants/breweries (alone [30%], with others [34%]), as well as outdoors (alone [34%], with others [33%]), at work (alone [34%], with others [36%]), at school (alone [23%], with others [36%]), in the car (alone [31%], with others [36%]) or elsewhere (alone [23%], with others [39%]). PCU was perceived as ‘highly effective’ (as reported by 75-95%) at managing nausea, distress (anxiety, depression), and physical discomfort (e.g., backaches). Perceived harm of PCU was low, more than half of participants believed PCU would harm the fetus (~60%) or herself (~64%) “not at all” or “a little.” In conclusion, polysubstance use, particularly tobacco use, is common among women who use cannabis during pregnancy. Although quantity of PCU consumption was relatively low in our sample, any amount is concerning and may have negative impact on the developing fetus. The majority of women’s social networks used cannabis and, in all contexts (with the exception of outdoor use), PCU was ","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military sexual violence and cannabis use disorder among OEF/OIF veterans","authors":"Reagan E. Fitzke, Daniel S. Lee, Denise D. Tran, Jordan P. Davis, E. Pedersen","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence experienced during military service can have lasting negative psychosocial effects on veterans long after service ends. Current research reports veterans who have experienced military sexual violence are more likely to develop mental health and substance use disorders. Little is known, though, about the relationship between military sexual violence and subsequent cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study investigated prevalence of military sexual violence among a large sample of OEF/OIF veterans (N = 1,005), its effect on later CUD, and the potential moderating role of resilience. First, t-tests examined differences in experience of military sexual violence between LGBQ vs. heterosexual and female vs. male veterans. Then, using logistic regressions controlling for sex, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, we assessed the effects of sexual violence on CUD (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test score of 12 or higher), followed by adding resilience into the model to examine independent and moderation effects. T-test results indicated that female (t(99) = -7.46, p < 0.001) and LGBQ veterans (t(38) = -3.85, p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience military sexual violence. Veterans who experienced military sexual violence had higher odds of screening for CUD (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = [1.76, 6.45]). Greater resilience was associated with lower odds of CUD (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.70]), but it did not moderate the relationship between sexual violence and CUD. Our findings are in line with prior work that female and LGBQ veterans may experience sexual violence during military service at higher rates. We also showed that veterans who experience military sexual violence are at increased risk for subsequent CUD. This suggests the importance of screening for military sexual violence among veterans, including among those seeking care for CUD, as well as screening for CUD symptoms among those who have experienced military sexual violence. Since we found that greater levels of resilience were associated with lower odds of CUD, programs and treatments aimed at building resilience to adverse events may have independent protective effects on CUD.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unplanned vs. planned simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in daily life: What are the motives, contexts, and outcomes?","authors":"Angela K. Stevens, R. Gunn, Holly K. Boyle, H. White, K. Jackson","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by U.S. college students and often used simultaneously (simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use). Better understanding situations in which SAM use is planned or unplanned and related consequences of these distinct SAM use events will inform prevention and intervention efforts. We extended previous daily-level research by examining motives and contexts (social, physical) as indicators of unplanned vs. planned SAM use occasions, as well as by parsing specific plans for alcohol use and for cannabis use on SAM use occasions. Specifically, we examined: unplanned alcohol and marijuana (UAM) use, planned mono-substance (either alcohol or cannabis but not both) use (MSU), and planned SAM use. College student SAM users (N=341; 53% women) were recruited from three U.S. universities and completed 56 days of data collection with five repeated surveys each day. Most SAM use occasions were planned (73% of occasions), followed by planned MSU (18%), and by UAM use (10%). Two-level generalized linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for nesting of occasions within persons and the three-category nominal outcome. All models included age, sex, recruitment site (school), weekend, and other drug use as covariates. At the within-person level, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use). These reasons for use were also related to planned SAM use when compared to planned MSU, whereas using because it was offered or to cope was related to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. planned MSU). Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use), and using at a party, friend’s place, with friends, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis was associated with higher odds of planned SAM use. An identical pattern was found when comparing planned SAM use to planned MSU. When disaggregating “planned MSU” into planned alcohol use-unplanned cannabis use vs. planned cannabis use-unplanned alcohol use, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Likewise, using at a party, with friends, with strangers/acquaintances, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis were related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned alcohol-only use. Findings suggest that interventions should target days when college students are planning for SAM use. Mobile health interventions could also focus on higher risk motives (e.g., social) and contexts (e.g., party) that were indicators of planned SAM use, as well as target individuals who endorse using substances to cope or because substances were offered, with these latter individuals being at risk for unplanned SAM use when only MSU was originally planned. Specifically, ecological momentary interventions and just-in-time adaptive interventions could send protective ","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Mobile Technology: A systematic review of mHealth interventions with Cannabis Users","authors":"C. Sharp, Lani Blanchard, J. Barnett, Michael M Phillips","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.42","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is commonly used by young adults (18-25), and these transitional years can be crucial as they tend to have the highest rates (5%; 1.8 million in the U.S.) of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD; SAMHSA, 2016). Current survey data suggest 25% of university students use cannabis monthly or greater and 6% daily (Schulenberg et al., 2019) and even higher (38-39%) in states with legal recreational cannabis use (Pearson et al., 2017). Burgeoning research has shown that chronic, heavy cannabis use is associated with a host of negative consequences, including symptoms/diagnosis of CUD, as well as anxiety, depression, and psychosis, among other health issues (Arseneault et al., 2002; Buckner et al., 2010; Degenhardt et al., 2003; Midanik, Tam, & Weisner, 2007; Simons et al., 2010; Solowij & Pesa, 2010). With the number of young adults diagnosed with CUD, there is a growing need for intervention strategies. However, rates of individuals seeking formal treatment for cannabis use has been low (Prince et al., 2020). With widespread access, it has become easier to employ mobile technology for health interventions (Kumar et al., 2013). The overall objective of this systematic review was to explore the utilization of different mHealth interventions for cannabis users to investigate different types and ways these interventions are implemented, targeted outcomes, along with the types of studies being conducted (e.g., RCT, feasibility, interviews, usability, etc.). Methods: A search of PsycInfo and PubMed was conducted for relevant articles with the following search terms: mHealth app/web-based intervention/internet-based intervention/telehealth/JITAI/EMI/Ecological Momentary Intervention/Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention/in the moment/Mobile Intervention/Smartphone Intervention/Wearable Devices AND Cannabis/Marijuana Peer-reviewed original research in English was targeted, which focused on mHealth interventions for adults (over 18 years of age) targeting cannabis use and needed both a mobile intervention and provided data on at least one outcome (e.g., reduced craving or cannabis use) or feasibility of intervention. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were all included. Results: The total number of records identified that fit the criteria based on a review of titles and abstracts were 33 (9 from PsycInfo and 24 from PubMed). After duplicates were removed, 27 were screened and 9 records were excluded for failure to meet search criteria after full review of the articles. The remaining records (n=18) were assessed for eligibility and data were extracted. Based on preliminary findings, the majority have been feasibility and usability studies (83%). Roughly half were conducted in the U.S., with the rest in European countries, and one in Singapore. The timeframe for using the mobile intervention ranged from 1-hour (for usability studies) to 8 months in duration. The types of mobile interventions have varied from text messaging, using a smartphone app, to direc","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}