{"title":"Comparative investigation on the influence of metakaolin, metaillite and steel slag as SCMs in mortar on the corrosion behavior of embedded steel","authors":"R. Achenbach, M. Raupach","doi":"10.2478/kom-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the aim of saving CO2 in cement production, various approaches are currently being pursued in the development of new materials. One possibility is to reduce the ratio of clinker to cement by using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Some SCMs like fly ash or granulated blast furnace slag have been used successfully in cement for a long time and their use is covered by standards. Since the availability of these materials cannot be ensured in the long term, alternative additives are also being tested. The results presented here were obtained as part of a joint research project that was carried out in cooperation with the Bauhaus University Weimar. In this study, three different SCMs are investigated with regard to their effect on the corrosion of steel embedded in mortars: A metakaolin, a metaillite, and a modified steel mill slag were each tested at a proportion of 30 wt.% in a CEM I reference cement. In the two-stage tests, the passivation behavior of steel in mortars was first investigated in electrochemical tests. Based on this, tests were carried out in leached solutions of the different binders with different Cl–/OH– ratios. The results show that all the blended types of cement investigated provide passivation of the steel in mortar. The use of the calcined clays metakaolin or metaillite resulted in higher polarization resistances and lower passive current densities as well as increased electrical resistivities, especially for metakaolin. The steel in mortar with the steel mill slag showed comparable electrochemical behavior to the OPC mortar. The tests in leached solutions slightly indicate a higher corrosion-inducing Cl–/OH– ratio when using metakaolin or steel mill slag.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127259903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Horáková, L. Doskočil, J. Wasserbauer, M. Buchtík
{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate-based coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy","authors":"L. Horáková, L. Doskočil, J. Wasserbauer, M. Buchtík","doi":"10.2478/kom-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to analyze the influence of process parameters used for hydrothermal synthesis of CaP coatings on their properties and to improve their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility compared to the substrat AZ31. The parameters monitored were deposition time, pH of the reaction mixture, and concentration of precursors in the reaction mixture. For the deposited CaP coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy, the surface morphology and the number of structural defects were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical corrosion properties were evaluated using polarization techniques in Hank’s solution. The results showed that the best properties were obtained for the sample prepared in a reaction mixture at 120 °C, pH 5 for a deposition time of 120 min, when the concentration of precursors in the reaction mixture was 0.30 mol/l Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and 0.28 mol/l NH4H2PO4. Under these conditions, the best electrochemical corrosion properties were achieved.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129698286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are you lead historical artefacts safely stored?","authors":"J. Švadlena, M. Kouřil, T. Boháčková, T. Prošek","doi":"10.2478/kom-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indoor conditions have the greatest influence on the long-term storage of historical artefacts. The following text summarizes essential knowledge regarding the evaluation of the corrosivity of indoor atmospheres with an emphasis on the effect of the presence of volatile organic acids on corrosion of lead. It provides an overview of the information and resources necessary to decide whether lead storage conditions are safe and concludes by outlining a path to resolution if they are not.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123058229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Doskočil, P. Šomanová, M. Buchtík, J. Wasserbauer
{"title":"Effect of process conditions for the preparation of a manganese-based coating on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy","authors":"L. Doskočil, P. Šomanová, M. Buchtík, J. Wasserbauer","doi":"10.2478/kom-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Manganese-based coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy with Mg(OH)2 interlayer were prepared by hydrothermal reaction under different process conditions (temperature, time, and concentration). The harsh reaction conditions provided coatings with defects. These defects enabled the corrosive environment penetrated to the magnesium alloy which impaired the corrosion properties of AZ31 alloy. Optimal conditions included a temperature of 120 °C, 0.25 M MnCl2, and a reaction time of 1 h. The prepared coating was mainly composed of Mn3O4, which consisted of nanosized crystals of polyhedral shape. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the coating had very good corrosion resistance in 0.15 M NaCl. Future work will focus on the potential use of the manganese-based coating in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126098280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Es Sebar, L. Iannucci, S. Grassini, E. Angelini, M. Parvis, R. Antonino, G. Quaranta, C. Giani, M. Boassa, M. Nicola
{"title":"Corrosion assessment of a bronze equestrian statue exposed to urban environment","authors":"L. Es Sebar, L. Iannucci, S. Grassini, E. Angelini, M. Parvis, R. Antonino, G. Quaranta, C. Giani, M. Boassa, M. Nicola","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the characterization of the conservation state of a bronze equestrian statue exposed outdoor, through an in-situ, multi-analytical, and non-invasive approach. The artefact under study is a bronze equestrian statue, devoted to Alfonso La Marmora, placed in an urban environment in the city of Turin. The investigation was carried out in the framework of a restoration intervention, with the principal aim of characterizing the overall conservation state of the sculpture to provide the conservators with information useful to develop a tailored restoration plan. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was carried out for the identification of the elements present in the artefact alloy, showing that the statue was made using mainly two bronze alloys. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to study the corrosion mechanisms and to define the protective effectiveness of the patina present on the surfaces. Eventually, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was performed to characterize the chemistry and microstructure of the corrosion products, mainly identified as sulphates. The combination of these techniques allowed to confirm the presence of wax layers from previous restoration work, still capable to protect the metal substrate against corrosion. In addition, it was possible to correlate the conservation state to the exposure conditions and location on the statue.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126627875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental assessment of packaging paper properties effect in combination with storage conditions on the adhesion performance of automotive glass","authors":"T. Kordová, A. Mareška, Míka M. Havlík","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this work was an experimental comparison of different types of packaging paper, determining the effect of packaging material properties in combination with storage conditions on the purity of glass surface and the related quality of adhesion of bonded materials. In the automotive industry, the quality of adhesion is a key factor, as automotive glass must meet the safety requirements. During the experiments, the glass sheets were wrapped in four types of paper and stored according to the conditions that are common in a real production. The research was focused on the influence of different composition of packaging papers on the resulting adhesive properties of glass sheets. According to the results obtained in this work, it can be stated that during the storage there is an interaction between paper and glass. According to XRF analyzes, ongoing corrosion of the glass can be inferred. The resulting adhesion was assessed based on a peel test, which took place under defined conditions given by standard customer specifications. It has been observed that the negative effect of unsuitable paper increases over time. For optimal adhesion it is necessary to emphasize the packaging materials and the storage conditions of the glass. The results and knowledge achieved in this work can significantly improve the quality of production in which a material is glued to the glass surface.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lakshman R. B. Hari, A. Ashwin, Vignesh R. Vaira, Swaroop C. B. Chand, M. Vignesh, R. Padmanaban
{"title":"Corrosion and tribological behaviour of Friction Stir Processed AA2024-T351 alloy","authors":"Lakshman R. B. Hari, A. Ashwin, Vignesh R. Vaira, Swaroop C. B. Chand, M. Vignesh, R. Padmanaban","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract AA2024-T351, a heat treatable aluminum alloy, has a high strength to weight ratio and good fracture resistance and has application mainly in the aircraft and aerospace sector. However, the alloy is susceptible to high corrosion because of the secondary phases (Al2Cu) present in the matrix. With an objective to increase the corrosion and wear resistance, Friction Stir Processing is applied to engineer the morphology and dispersion of the Al2Cu phase in the alloy. The friction stir processing trials are performed by varying the tool rotation speed, tool traverse speed, and shoulder diameter, as the properties of the friction stir processed region depend on the proper selection of process parameters. A hybrid linear-radial basis function model is developed to explore the effect of tool rotation speed, tool traverse speed, and shoulder diameter on the grain size, microhardness, corrosion rate, wear rate, and corrosion potential of the friction stir processed AA2024-T351 alloy. The predominant corrosion mechanism and wear regimes in AA2024-T351 alloy are understood from the characterization study on the surface morphology and elemental analysis of the corroded and worn specimens. The optimum friction stir processing parameters that improve the grain refinement, microhardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of AA2024-T351 alloy are established.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123536946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growth kinetics of diiron boride (Fe2B) layer on a carbon steel by four approaches","authors":"B. Bouarour, M. Keddam, B. Boumaali","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pack-boriding kinetics of SAE 1020 steel has been addressed through utilizing four mathematical approaches in case of the formation of diiron boride layers. The values of boron diffusivities and activation energies in Fe2B were assessed in the interval of 1123 to 1223 K by using four models. Finally, the four models were experimentally verified by comparing the predicted results to the experimental value of Fe2B layer thickness determined at 1198 K for 6 hours. Finally, the simulated layers’ thicknesses agreed with the experimental result. In addition, similarities and differences observed in the models were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":" 60","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132011419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zavitkovská, Z. Fulin, M. Chocholoušek, Z. Špirit
{"title":"Resistance of the welded joint of austenitic steel NEUTRONIT A 976 SM in the corrosive environment of boric acid","authors":"J. Zavitkovská, Z. Fulin, M. Chocholoušek, Z. Špirit","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with the influence of the operating environment on the safe resistance of the welded joint of the construction material used in the nuclear power industry in the production of spent nuclear fuel containers. This material contains a higher percentage of alloying boron and is used as a shielding construction material for neutron and gamma radiation. It is used to produce baskets for spent nuclear fuel containers. When the containers are being filled, the welded joint of the basket structure are briefly exposed to an aqueous boric acid solution. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of exposure to the corrosive boric acid environment on the mechanical properties of the material. Tensile tests on the original weld and post weld exposure in H3BO3 and corrosion cracking tests on unexposed welds were performed. The evaluation of the results revealed that the exposure to the corrosive environment of boric acid did not significantly affect the strength characteristics of the tested material NEUTRONIT A 976 SM.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126079888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative accident tolerant nuclear fuel materials will help extending the life of light water reactors","authors":"R. Rebak","doi":"10.2478/kom-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nuclear power is a significant source of clean energy that can be used to mitigate climate change. In the western world, the average life of light-water power-reactors is increasing because no new reactors are being connected to the grid. In order to extend the life of the existing reactors innovative materials are being considered for the fuel of the reactors. The newer materials would be more resistant to a loss of coolant accident and allow for longer times between refueling plus permitting overall extended burn-ups, which will make the reactors safer and more economical to operate. This never used before in reactor materials include cladding concepts such as: 1) coated zirconium alloys, 2) monolithic iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, and 3) silicon carbide composites.","PeriodicalId":404545,"journal":{"name":"KOM – Corrosion and Material Protection Journal","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130546874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}