EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Environment and Sustainable Development","authors":"S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3629134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3629134","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of the environment as a concept is not a recent one and has been around since prehistoric times. In the ancient scriptures, it is said to be a responsibility (Dharma) of every human to protect nature. Lately, the movement to make sure the environmental policies are being implemented to focus on various issues such as check on pollution, protecting the wildlife and saving the forest has been focused more by the higher levels of the judiciary. These recent activisms have taken place from the legal and judicial bodies due to lack of implementation of the policies and absence of required skill amongst the executive offices. PIL( Public Interest Litigation) is one of the most used devices that has been relied upon to take care of the environmental issues, and this methodology has attracted both supporters as well as it has been criticized as well. Before the period of the 1980s, the doors of the judiciary were only available to those people who were affected could seek justice for whatever wrong has happened to them and also on behalf of any other person who was not able to seek the same, basically acting as an intermediary. The Legal system in India saw an immense change in the field of Environmental Law by phasing out the old methods and forming a new system in order to give justice fast and accurately. This period in the 1980s experienced a lot of activism by the legal, administrators and policymakers. <br><br>This paper critically evaluates the evolution of India’s environmental jurisprudence through the device of the Public Interest Litigation device and the role of the activist judiciary.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126768360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Market and Common-Pool Resource Problem: Surface Water Trading and Groundwater Depletion in California","authors":"Hao Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3469257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3469257","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how a surface water market affects the performance of a groundwater basin that is in open access. The market only solves the groundwater over-extraction problem when pumping costs are high, while market failure arises when the common pool resource (CPR) problem is severe. I build a theoretical model to analyze the agricultural water use in California Central Valley. The model establishes the link between the efficacy of surface water market and the farmers' crop choices in response to water supply changes. I use a micro level crop choice data to test the theory and find that the farmers rarely react to short-term water supply variations. In particular, crop acreage does not fall during droughts. This implies that pumping costs are low and sellers replace whatever amount they sell with groundwater. Therefore, surface water trade is inefficient when taking into account the depletion of groundwater resource and should be curtailed until the CPR problem is addressed.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Stakeholders in Preserving Biodiversity in Bangladesh: A Study on Tanguar Haor","authors":"Dr. Esmat Ara, Shah Md. Ziaul Islam","doi":"10.34218/IJM.10.2.2019/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.10.2.2019/003","url":null,"abstract":"Tanguar Haor, the most diversified ecosystem of Bangladesh is important for surviving around 70,000 people. Tanguar Haor has been declared ecologically critical area for 20 years. This study aims to examine the role of relevant stakeholders in conserving the countries’ second RAMSAR site. This paper also attempted to understand the causes of loss of biodiversity of Tanguar Haor as well as its solution. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research has employed for this study applying purposive sampling strategy. Study findings reveal that indiscriminate harvesting of mother fishes, use of agrochemicals, deforestation, hunting migratory birds, increasing trace metal, mixing silt soil with water are the major contributor to loss of biodiversity in Tanguar Haor. With the support of the Swedish Development Corporation (SDC) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the government of Bangladesh has conducted a big budgeted project to preserve biodiversity of Tanguar Haor, however there found lack of coordination among peoples’ representatives, government agencies, and IUCN. Hence, the study findings will hopefully contribute to identify the irregularities in performing the role of different stakeholders that will lead taking further initiatives to preserve biodiversity of Tanguar Haor in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Priorities in Heritage Conservation, Case of Tranquebar, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Sonal Tiwari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3214213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3214213","url":null,"abstract":"In towns multiple layers of societies exist. These different societies although interdependent are conspicuously, not physically intertwined with each other. A heritage town is generally only identified by a certain era which dominates over other identities. Conservation measures are mostly directed at improvement of architectural fabric which would thereby lead to growth of tourism. The manifestations of the societies are many times not answered to and at times are further complicated by the intervention measures undertaken. In most of the cases stakeholders are left unanswered. Thus important parameters of sustainable development such as environment improvement, overall economic growth and sustained human development are left unanswered. The paper examines this with a case of heritage conservation in Tranquebar, Tamilnadu. Tranquebar also known as Taramgambadi (Land of singing waves) is a village in Tamil Nadu state of India. The town was once known for its Danish colonisation in the Early 1600’s. Danish dignitaries, Muslim traders, German theologians, Moravian entrepreneurs, and sea merchants from all corners of the globe left an important mark on the local way of life. The 2004 Tsunami did much of the damage to its architecture (Tamil houses, Temples, Danish buildings, fishermen houses) and environment. By killing around 800 people, destroying houses, boats, losing land to sea and salinizing coast and water bodies; much money came in to restore the architectural heritage of the town, however not much is done to restore the natural environment. Also the priorities of the original residents were subsided to tourism. The paper identifies possible other conservation priorities of the town to restore the environment, community and landscape character of the town and their importance over others.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133610215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming Adaptation in Integrated Water Resources Management in China: From Challenge to Change","authors":"Xiangbai He","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2521333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2521333","url":null,"abstract":"China is facing many challenges in the water sector while implementing integrated water resources management (IWRM). Another daunting task – adapting to water-related impacts of climate change, is also challenging China’s water managers. These challenges have been posing threats to China’s economic, social and environmental development. While separate efforts in promoting IWRM and climate change adaptation have been made, the approach of mainstreaming climate change adaptation strategy within IWRM is seldom studied. Attempting to fill the gap, this paper argues that there is great potential in synergizing them after analysing their distinctions and common points. By developing climate-proofing strategies within IWRM, mainstreaming is able to minimize adverse water-related climate change risks and maximize the benefits of policies and plans. In this study, entry points of mainstreaming climate change adaptation in the sustaining environment of IWRM and its process will be identified and analysed.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122824457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Equilibrium Model of Habitat Conservation Under Uncertainty and Irreversibility","authors":"Luca Di Corato, M. Moretto, S. Vergalli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1737642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1737642","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper stochastic dynamic programming is used to investigate habitat conservation by a multitude of landholders under uncertainty about the value of environmental services and irreversible development. We study land conversion under competition on the market for agricultural products when voluntary and mandatory measures are combined by the Government to induce adequate participation in a conservation plan. We analytically determine the impact of uncertainty and optimal policy conversion dynamics and discuss different policy scenarios on the basis of the relative long-run expected rate of deforestation. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our findings.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122308221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing Marine Wilderness: Representative Marine Protected Areas and the Perceived Value of Biodiversity Restoration","authors":"R. Craig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.922504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922504","url":null,"abstract":"Although the political will to protect areas of the ocean in marine protected areas lagged far behind governments' willingness to protect ecologically or culturally important terrestrial areas, marine protected areas and systems of marine protected areas have emerged into the political agendas of governments throughout the world, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and, as of June 2003, the European Union. However, the creation of marine protected areas and systems of MPAs requires countries to sacrifice potentially beneficial uses of those areas, such as fishing and mineral extraction. Creation of MPAs and systems of MPAs thus involve political choices and policy promotion, and a country's choice of legal vehicle and political priorities can suggest implications regarding the eventual scientific and ecological success of its national system of MPAs. This paper examines the legal and political rhetoric that three countries - the United States, Canada, and Australia - have used to justify their national systems of MPAs and explores the potential ramifications of that rhetoric and the policy chooices behind it for the scientific and ecological success of each of their systems. Because each system is relatively new, measurements of success may have to wat for several years. Nevertheless, some distinctions are already striking. The United States, for example, is pursuing its national systems of MPAs based on a non-binding legal policy to promote economic goals, suggesting that the scientific and ecological value of its system will readily fall victim to changing political priorities and national pressures. Canada, in contrast, has put in place substantial national culture and national pride policies that will serve to reinforce its bioidiversity goals for its system of national marine conservation areas. Finally, Australia has committed fully to the protection of marine biodiversity for biodiversity's sake, suggesting that its national system of MPAs, as has already been evidenced in the history of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, will enjoy considerable scientific validity.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128586882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Basin Area and Its Management","authors":"Y. Wahyudin","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1669903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1669903","url":null,"abstract":"Flood phenomenon became a public event that generally happened in Indonesia, including in Jakarta. This phenomenon, which is the water flooded from river bangs, due to decreasing river bangs capacity to carry out the water. The decreasing river capacity was an effect of increasing land and space utilization for public development, so that upland and river basin areas clearing could not avoided. Consequently, erosion that transported material to the river made sedimentation and decrease the capacity of river to transport waters, especially when its rainy season.In this context, preventive effort is necessary conducted, through integrated river basin area management. The efforts i.e.: (i) preparing management plan of river basin area, (ii) identifying stakeholder dealing with management, (iii) involving other institution, (iv) designing management policy of river basin area, (v) socializing policies, (vi) implementing integrated and holistic policy, (vii) conducting monitoring and evaluation to action plan periodically, and (viii) revising and re-implementing each policies which has been made.","PeriodicalId":403334,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Conservation Ecology (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133139985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}