Other Political Science eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Political Budget Cycle: An Analysis of Brazilian Municipalities","authors":"Gilberto Crispim, L. Flach, L. Alberton, Celma Duque Ferreira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3902816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3902816","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the behavior of committed expenses, investment expenditures and loan during an election period in Brazilian municipalities with a population equal to or greater than 50 thousand inhabitants, as well as whether these same municipalities meet the legal requirements regarding the source and limit of budget resources in an election year, as established by Law No. 11,300/06, in the period 2000-2016. The research sample represents 66% of the Brazilian population. The method applied for data analysis was tobit regression on panel data, grouped by municipalities, corresponding to 353 municipalities, 5 regions and 6001 observations. The findings indicate that there are no changes in the expenses committed before, during and after the electoral period, regardless of party equality and election in two rounds. With regard to spending on investments and loan during an election period, the study suggests an average increase of 9% and 68% respectively, with greater intensity when there is party equality between municipal and state governments, especially in the process of reelection. As for compliance with legal requirements on the use of budget resources in an election year, the study indicates that local governments do not comply with current normative instructions. Contributions: Considering that there is no consensus in the specialized literature on the behavior of public spending, this study contributes to the literature and future research because it innovates through a robust and effective statistical method, the disclosure of spending behavior in local governments in election period.","PeriodicalId":402378,"journal":{"name":"Other Political Science eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123871980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Economic Effects of UNESCO World Heritage Designation","authors":"Tai Markman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3673580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3673580","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural sites and landmarks can play a unique role in the socioeconomic development of a community. Yet many cultural sites are facing two conflicting priorities: cultural preservation and economic gain. In response, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) attempts to help alleviate this conflict by creating the World Heritage list, a group of cultural and natural global sites that have “Outstanding Universal Value.” By designating a landmark as a “World Heritage” site, the landmark can obtain UN funds as needed. Although a widely held belief is that such UNESCO efforts help play a role in social and economic development of a community, this has not been proven. This paper examines this belief through analyzing correlations between increased UNESCO sites in an area and greater socioeconomic development. Four different socioeconomic factors were compared: Gross Domestic Product, Nights Spent in Tourist Accommodations, Unemployment, and Higher Education Levels. By standardizing these factors and drawing comparisons between sites, there was no evidence that there is a connection between a UNESCO designation and socioeconomic development. This then demonstrates that the aforementioned commonly held belief regarding development seems to be false. This paper concludes by outlining how a more thorough examination and understanding of the cultural contexts of World Heritage sites should be a required foundational best practice throughout this process. In turn, this paper advocates for drawing upon such knowledge when implementing enhanced publicity methods to help foster recognition of cultural sites in mainstream society. As a result of these endeavors, such communities would be more likely to gain greater economic prosperity.","PeriodicalId":402378,"journal":{"name":"Other Political Science eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129651177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectifs Du Développement Durable Appliqués AU Burundi (Sustainable Development Goals Applied to Burundi)","authors":"Professor Alain Ndedi, Serge Espoir Matomba, Irène Munyana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3585579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3585579","url":null,"abstract":"French Abstract: Le nom d'Objectifs de developpement durable (ODD) (en anglais : Sustainable Development Goals, ou SDGs) est couramment utilise pour designer les dix-sept objectifs etablis par les Etats membres des Nations unies et qui sont rassembles dans l'Agenda 2030. Cet agenda a ete adopte par l'ONU en septembre 2015 apres deux ans de negociations incluant les gouvernements comme la societe civile. Il definit des cibles a atteindre a l'horizon 2030, definies ODD par ODD. Les cibles sont au nombre de 1691 et sont communes a tous les pays engages. Elles repondent aux objectifs generaux suivants : eradiquer la pauvrete sous toutes ses formes et dans tous les pays, proteger la planete et garantir la prosperite pour tous . \u0000Dans un souci d'appropriation et de communication, elles sont parfois regroupees en cinq domaines, les 5P: peuple, prosperite, planete, paix, partenariats. Ces objectifs remplacent les huit objectifs du millenaire pour le developpement (OMD), qui se sont termines en 2015, et dont les avancees ont permis une nette evolution . (Ndedi et Guibou, 2011) L'Agenda 2030 etablit par ailleurs un processus de revue internationale, par lequel les Etats sont invites, sur une base volontaire, a rendre compte annuellement de leurs progres. Declinee au niveau de chaque Etat, la mise en œuvre des ODD fait appel a un engagement actif des gouvernements comme de l'ensemble des acteurs (entreprises, collectivites, associations, chercheurs…). Du fait de l'ambition de l'Agenda 2030, de son processus de construction et des compromis sous-jacents, la mise en œuvre et le suivi des ODD font debat, tant dans la communaute scientifique qu'entre les parties prenantes . Cette communication presente les objectifs de developpement durable qui ont trait a l’autorisation des femmes. Elle expliquera l’ensemble des objectifs. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: The name Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is commonly used to designate the seventeen goals established by the member states of the United Nations and which are gathered in the 2030 Agenda. This agenda was adopted by the United Nations in September 2015 after two years of negotiations including governments and civil society. It defines targets to be reached by 2030, defined by ODD. The targets are 1691 and are common to all the countries involved. They meet the following general objectives: eradicate poverty in all its forms and in all countries, protect the planet and guarantee prosperity for all. \u0000 \u0000For the sake of appropriation and communication, they are sometimes grouped into five areas, the 5Ps: people, prosperity, planet, peace, partnerships. These objectives replace the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which ended in 2015, and the progress of which has allowed a clear evolution. (Ndedi and Guibou, 2011) The 2030 Agenda also establishes an international review process, by which States are invited, on a voluntary basis, to report annually on their progress. Implemented at the level of each State, the ","PeriodicalId":402378,"journal":{"name":"Other Political Science eJournal","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128148927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karl Polanyi and the Anti-Antimonies of ‘Embeddedness’","authors":"A. Lodhi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3166769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3166769","url":null,"abstract":"(Gemici 2008) reiterates much of the literature surrounding Polanyi's ‘embeddedness’, suggesting that there exists, within its conceptual grammar, an untenable contradiction: a contradiction between its dualistic usage as, on the one hand, a methodological principle to affirm all economic processes as ‘socially instituted and organized’ (hereafter ‘embedded embeddedness’), and, on the other hand, as a historical variable to describe the unprecedented relation between economy and society that market capitalism had brought about (hereafter ‘disembedded embeddedness’). It is argued here that there is only a semantic contradiction between these two ‘embeddednesses’, and in fact, substantively, they together constitute an incredibly powerful analytical apparatus through which to understand market capitalism. We demonstrate this first by tracing the genealogy of both variants of embeddedness to two, entirely legitimate, observations Polanyi made about the ontology of market society — that it is imperialistic vis-a-vis the surrounding organic order, by dint of its drive towards the commodification of the ‘fictitious commodities’; and that it is not a ‘natural’ social formation, but rather one that had to be politically ‘constructed’ right from the beginning. Next, we apply the insights that were herein conceived to an explication of contemporary neoliberalism. In doing so, not only is the immense intellectual utility of both variants of embeddedness realized, but also certain long-standing ambiguities in the embeddedness literature are solved. Neoliberalism as interpreted by embeddedness comprises of two elements, each illuminated by a different ‘embeddedness’, both which fall under the overarching telos of the restoration of elite class power. First, disembedded embeddedness elucidates the ‘weaponization’ of the market's endogenous commodity logic under neoliberalism — its brutal intensification as a means to subsume the fictitious commodities, nature and human beings, under the logic of capital accumulation at the behest of capitalist class prerogative. Second, embedded embeddedness elucidates the ‘re-embedding’ of market economy in ‘bad embeddings’ under neoliberalism — institutional configurations that seek to entrench domination by ‘protecting’ certain privileged interests from the exigencies of market forces, and by denying ‘others’ the liberative opportunities presented by the ‘radical leveller’ that is money. We conclude that, in this capacity — textual minutia aside — embeddedness is of immense analytical efficacy.","PeriodicalId":402378,"journal":{"name":"Other Political Science eJournal","volume":"134 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131050661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La République En Marche: Macron's Resolute Walk Towards Radical Centrism","authors":"M. Nicolas J. Firzli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3167188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3167188","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2017 saw the unravelling of the prevailing order that had dominated the French political scene since the late 1950s (the end of the Fourth Republic). For nearly sixty years (1958 – 2017), the authoritarian centre-right Gaullists shared France’s ‘fromage’ (cushy public jobs, neoclassical Left Bank mansions and lightly-clad assistants) with the moderately Marxist Socialists. Apart from a short hiatus (1976 – 1980 Raymond Barre government), that period was marked by the progressive decline and eventual marginalization of the eminently French Radicale tradition – once Western Europe’s leading political philosophy. It took Emmanuel Macron less than a year to revive it by using a bold combination of modern managerial techniques, digital marketing and age-old tactical manoeuvrings: to that day, France’s Labour party (‘Socialists’), Gaullist Conservatives (‘LR’) and right-wing nationalists (‘FN’) don’t seem to know what hit them. Macron’s shrewd cultural wink to the ‘New-New-Thing’ crowd came in the form of a derogatory term he used to describe his rivals, be they mildly Marxist Social-Democrats or rigid Conservatives: “L’Ancien Monde” made of fossilized political dinosaurs harking back to the pre-digital age… But En Marche’s venture-capitalist vision went far beyond top-down support from generous IT and telecom nouveaux-riches. The new party itself was consciously and conspicuously modelled after Silicon Valley startups.","PeriodicalId":402378,"journal":{"name":"Other Political Science eJournal","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121932401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}