{"title":"An unusual cause of cavitating nodules in the lung: A case review","authors":"R. Chetambath, K. Pavithran","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"A case of fever, cough, and hemoptysis in a young female which could not be diagnosed by routine investigations is presented here. Confirmatory diagnosis was established after a long period of 2 years. Difficulty in diagnosis itself points to a rare cause for this presentation. The case is presented here with expert comments from specialists working in related specialties.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133415172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kurian, A. Paramez, Rohitash Chandra, Nimmy Jose
{"title":"The Yield of thoracoscopic biopsy truenat in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion","authors":"T. Kurian, A. Paramez, Rohitash Chandra, Nimmy Jose","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_7_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) affects about 25% of patients presenting with Tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculous pleural effusion is the second-most common type of EPTB, after lymph node TB. Although the molecular TB diagnostics have lower turnaround time compared to traditional testing methods, the sensitivity in microscopy negative specimens are low. Higher cost and infrastructure requirements are other disadvantages. Truenat, developed by Mobilio diagnostics and validated by ICMR, is a rapid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic test to detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and also rifampicin resistance. According to the WHO, the accuracy of Truenat is comparable to Xpert PCR. We report our experience in using Truenat for EPTB, specifically, pleural TB. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from thoracoscopy over the past 2 years. All data pertaining to the use of Truenat for TB in pleural fluid and thoracoscopic biopsy specimens, histopathology, and mycobacterial cultures were analyzed. Results: We had a total of 114 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion who underwent thoracoscopy during the study. Forty-five patients (39%) had a diagnosis of TB, among the total 114 patients. The sensitivity of tissue Truenat was 51.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.77–66.30), tissue culture 37.50% (95% CI: 22.73–54.20), pleural fluid Truenat 20% (95% CI: 8.44–36.94), and fluid culture 14.29% (95% CI: 5.43–28.54). The specificities of all the confirmatory tests were 100% when compared to a reference standard which was taken as a combination of histology and culture as the reference standard with or without acid-fast bacilli in the histology samples. Tissue Truenat was significantly more sensitive than fluid Truenat (P < 0.05). Likewise, tissue culture was more sensitive than fluid culture (P < 0.05). Among all microbiology confirmatory tests performed, Truenat of pleural tissue had the highest yield (51.11). Conclusion: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy Truenat results in improved sensitivity in cases of EPTB.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recurrent hemoptysis in a patient with bronchial asthma","authors":"Vishnu Sharma, Baseer Walikar","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoptysis is not a common symptom in bronchial asthma. We aim to discuss the approach to a patient with uncontrolled asthma with recurrent hemoptysis in this case-based discussion. Causes in such cases include pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, endobronchial lesions, bronchial carcinoid, factitious hemoptysis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic angiitis (hypersensitivity vasculitis), Churg-Strauss syndrome, and valvular heart disease which can coexist with asthma.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121220279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic cough with fever","authors":"Vishnu Sharma, M. Sohail Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_2_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_2_21","url":null,"abstract":"In a country like India where the burden of tuberculosis is high, pulmonary tuberculosis is the first differential diagnosis when a patient presents with chronic cough, fever, and weight loss. However, many other infectious and noninfectious diseases also can present with similar symptoms. Infra diaphragmatic lesions also can present with chronic cough with fever and weight loss. We present a rare case of bilateral suprarenal mass diagnosed as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with chronic cough, fever, and weight loss. We aim to highlight extra thoracic causes for chronic cough with fever in this article.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Newer molecular diagnostic tests for tuberculosis: How good are they? Where can we use them?","authors":"S. Nair, N. Murthy","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133212559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia","authors":"Charitha Puvvada, R. Chetambath","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 after its origin in Wuhan, China, had spread globally and was declared as a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020.? The WHO identifies it as a controllable pandemic with the key role existing in precautionary measures to curb the recent global crisis. The current diagnostic methodologies include the rapid antigen test, serology tests to detect antibodies, and the real-time polymerase chain reaction.? Anecdotal experiences have shown that imaging characteristics are crucial in the diagnosis and management of the disease as radiological evidence of disease appears before the clinical manifestations and evolves overtime as the disease progresses, which is useful in predicting the stage, severity, and prognosis of the disease. Owing to few specific features and early changes, computed tomography scan is more sensitive than a chest roentgenogram in highlighting these changes.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128757104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapidly progressive dyspnea in an elderly diabetic","authors":"Vishnu Sharma, NithishM Bhandary, SN Megha","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Breathlessness is a common presenting symptom in the emergency room. Focused history, clinical examination, and proper stepwise evaluations are essential for early diagnosis and treatment. The most common presenting feature of nCovid19 pneumonia is rapidly progressive breathlessness. During this pandemic, we need to differentiate nCovid19 pneumonia from other causes for breathlessness. Here, we discuss the differential diagnosis for rapidly progressive breathlessness, how to evaluate a patient with suspected nCovid19 pneumonia and the role of chest computed tomography scan in nCovid19.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130006104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How do we manage chronic respiratory diseases during this pandemic?","authors":"R. Chetambath, J. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jalh.jalh_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","authors":"R. Chetambath","doi":"10.4103/JALH.JALH_4_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JALH.JALH_4_20","url":null,"abstract":"Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an indolent cavitating infectious process which can mimic other chronic lung infections such as tuberculosis. This usually occurs in mildly immunosuppressed individuals and clinically evolves over weeks to months. Radiological presentation is in the form of thick-walled cavity with or without mycetoma, fibrosis, and pleural invasion. Here, a case of subacute IPA in a middle-aged female with rheumatoid arthritis is reported, highlighting a rare radiological appearance.","PeriodicalId":402083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Lung Health","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132968990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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