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The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar最新文献

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Argument structure and mapping theory 参数结构和映射理论
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0009
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Argument structure and mapping theory","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores argument structure and its relation to syntax, particularly concentrating on its role in determining the grammatical functions of the semantic arguments of a predicate. The chapter examines different views of the representation and content of argument structure, and outlines the theory of the relation between thematic roles and grammatical functions. The first five sections explore issues relating to the theory of argument structure, including grammatical function alternations (Section 9.3) and argument selection and classification (Sections 9.4 and 9.5). The next four sections focus on the analysis of some important phenomena: the active/passive alternation (Section 9.6), impersonal predication (Section 9.7), locative inversion (Section 9.8), and complex predicates (Section 9.9). Further issues relating to grammatical functions and argument structure, including gradient distinctions and optionality, are considered in Section 9.10.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Syntactic relations and syntactic constraints 句法关系和句法约束
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0006
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Syntactic relations and syntactic constraints","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter continues the discussion of the formal architecture of LFG and of ways to describe and constrain constituent structures and functional structures. The chapter introduces additional relations and constraints on structures, and discusses concepts fundamental to our formal theory, including regular expressions (Section 6.1); sets (Section 6.3); off-path constraints (Section 6.6); templates (Section 6.7); relations between f-structures such as f-command, subsumption, and restriction (Section 6.9); c-structure/f-structure constraints including empty nod rules (Section 6.10); and precedence relations (Section 6.11). For most readers, this chapter best serves as a reference to be consulted for definition and discussion of concepts and relations that are used in the analyses presented in the remainder of the book.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128520565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond c-structure and f-structure: Linguistic representations and relations 超越c结构和f结构:语言表征和关系
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0007
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Beyond c-structure and f-structure: Linguistic representations and relations","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In the first part of the book, there was an examination of the two levels of syntactic structure: f-structure and c-structure. Besides these two syntactic structures, LFG research has explored other linguistic levels and their representations. In considering the overall architecture of our theory of grammar, the following questions must be addressed: How do we determine when it is necessary to postulate the existence of a new linguistic level, distinct from those already assumed within the theory? How do we determine the best representation for a proposed level of structure? And how can constraints within a level, or constraints that hold across levels, be defined within this architecture? Our theory must respect modularity and the independence of different levels of linguistic structure, while stating the relations among levels in a clear, easily understandable way. This chapter addresses these issues, and introduces the projection architecture as a piece-wise correspondence between levels of grammatical representation.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123481415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modification 修改
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0013
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Modification","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores issues in the syntax and semantics of modification. The main focus is on adjectival modification, since the syntax and semantics of adjectives is fairly complex and illustrates many key issues. Section 13.1 provides an overview of the syntax of adjectival modification, Section 13.2 discusses three semantic classes of adjectives and how their meanings are represented, and Section 13.3 discusses adjectival modification at the syntax-semantics interface within the glue approach introduced in Chapter 8. Section 13.4 addresses problems in defining the semantic contribution of modifiers, which have a straightforward solution within our framework. The chapter concludes with a brief examination of the syntax and semantics of adverbial modification: Section 13.5 discusses the syntax and semantics of manner adverbs and sentential adverbs.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114232069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional and anaphoric control 功能和回指控制
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0015
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Functional and anaphoric control","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the syntax and semantics of functional and anaphoric control, constructions in which either syntactic or lexical constraints require coreference between an argument of the matrix clause (the controller) and an argument of a subordinate or modifying adjunct clause (the controllee). Such cases include the classes of “raising” verbs (Section 15.2) and “equi” verbs (Section 15.4). Crosslinguistically, descriptions of such constructions involve reference to functional syntactic relations such as subject and object; therefore, the syntactic discussion in this chapter is primarily centered around the f-structures of functional and anaphoric control constructions. A detailed semantic analyses of functional and anaphoric control constructions is also presented, considering arbitrary, obligatory, and quasi-obligatory (partial) control relations, and a discussion of the syntax and semantics of control in adjuncts (Section 15.8).","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117020796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The interface to morphology 形态界面
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0012
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"The interface to morphology","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the place of morphology in the LFG architecture. The chapter assumes a modular view of the morphological component, in line with the overall modular architecture of LFG: the morphological component has its own internal structure and obeys universal and language particular constraints on word formation that need not be shared by other levels of structure. According to this model, the morphological component associates a word form with a set of features representing the morphological structure and grammatical contribution of the word; these features are interpreted at the interface of morphology with the rest of the grammar, producing the lexical entry for the word form. This view fits well with a realizational theory of morphology; the proposals are compatible not only with explicitly paradigm-based models, but with any morphological theory which relates words to feature sets encoding their grammatical properties and structure, including finite state theories of morphology.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128395766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Syntactic correspondences 语法通讯
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0004
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Syntactic correspondences","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"LFG hypothesizes that constituent structure (c-structure) and functional structure (f-structure) are mutually constraining structures and that the relation between these structures is governed by constraints associated with words and phrasal configurations. This chapter explores universally valid generalizations regarding the correlation between phrasal positions and grammatical functions. Section 4.1 discusses the formal representation of the relation between c-structure and f-structure. Section 4.2 explores the relation between c-structure and f-structure: how c-structure phrases and their heads relate to f-structure, and the c-structure/f-structure realization of arguments and modifiers. Next, the chapter examines apparent mismatches between units at c-structure and those at f-structure; Section 4.3 shows that these cases have a natural explanation within LFG. Section 4.4 discusses the Lexical Integrity Principle, the concept of wordhood and the possibly complex contribution of words to functional structure, and Section 4.5 discusses the principle of Economy of Expression.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-distance dependencies 长距离依赖关系
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0017
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Long-distance dependencies","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the analysis of constructions in which a constituent appears in a position other than the one with which its syntactic function is usually associated. Section 17.1 discusses the syntax of long-distance dependencies, including topicalization, left- or right-dislocation constructions, relative clauses, and constituent (“wh”) questions. Section 17.2 discusses constructions in which the displaced phrase is related not to a gap within the clause, but to a resumptive pronoun. Section 17.3 discusses how a long-distance dependency construction may be marked morphologically. Section 17.4 considers evidence for and against traces, with particular attention to the phenomenon of weak crossover. Section 17.5 examines multiple-gap constructions, including “across-the-board” extraction and parasitic gaps. The semantics of constructions involving long-distance dependencies are then considered: relative clauses are discussed in Section 17.6, and constituent (“wh”) questions in Section 17.7.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128670787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional structure 功能结构
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0002
M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Functional structure","authors":"M. Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Functional structure is the abstract functional syntactic organization of the sentence, familiar from traditional grammatical descriptions, representing syntactic predicate-argument structure and functional relations like subject and object. Section 2.1 presents motivation for the categories and information appearing in functional structure and outlines some common characteristics of functional structure categories. Section 2.2 demonstrates that grammatical functions are best treated as primitive concepts, as they are in LFG, rather than defined in terms of morphological or phrase structure concepts. Section 2.3 shows that syntactic subcategorization requirements, the array of syntactic arguments required by a predicate, are best stated in functional terms. The formal representation of functional structure (f-structure) and constraints on f-structure representations are discussed in Section 2.4. Finally, Section 2.5 provides an overview of the content and representation of f-structure features.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"67 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131893661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Prosodic structure 韵律结构
The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0011
Mary Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock
{"title":"Prosodic structure","authors":"Mary Dalrymple, J. Lowe, Louise Mycock","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the relationship between the phonological or prosodic structure of a spoken utterance and its syntactic, semantic, and information structural analysis. A full theory of the form-meaning correspondence must account for the effect of prosodic features such as intonation patterns on interpretation. In line with other work in LFG that is concerned with the contribution made by phonology or prosody to grammatical structure and interpretation, the existence of a separate level of prosodic structure or p-structure within the projection architecture is assumed. The chapter reviews previous LFG approaches to prosody and the place of prosodic structure within the grammar (Section 11.3), before presenting the approach that is adopted which relies on analyzing a string as having two distinct aspects: one syntactic, the s-string, the other phonological/ prosodic, the p-string (Section 11.4). This approach is exemplified with an account of declarative questions and prosodic focus marking.","PeriodicalId":401314,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114685108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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