Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU最新文献

{"title":"Applications of Gene Therapy in Dentistry: A Review Article","authors":"Karthik Nair, A. Bhat","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759711","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gene therapy promises to possess a good prospect in bridging the gap between dental applications and medicine. The dynamic therapeutic modalities of gene therapy have been advancing rapidly. Conventional approaches are being revamped to be more comprehensive and pre-emptive, which could do away with the need for surgery and medicine altogether. The complementary base sequences known as genes convey the instructions required to manufacture proteins. The oral cavity is one of the most accessible locations for the therapeutic intervention of gene therapy for several oral tissues. In 1990, the first significant trial of gene therapy was overseen to alleviate adenosine deaminase deficiency. The notion of genetic engineering has become increasingly appealing as a reflection of its benefits over conventional treatment modalities. An example of how this technology may alter dentistry is the implementation of gene therapy for dental and oral ailments. The objective of this article is to examine the effects of gene therapy on the field of dentistry, periodontology and implantology. Furthermore, the therapeutic factors of disease therapy, minimal invasion, and appropriate outcome have indeed been taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"445 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Vitamin D Level on Sarcopenia in Elderly People: A Critical Review","authors":"S. Khan, S. Sushanth Kumar, S. Acharya, A. Wanjari","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vitamin D insufficiency is a widespread health issue globally, particularly among the elderly. Vitamin D controls and affects the metabolism and functionality of several human systems, including muscle tissue. The action of vitamin D on muscles has been extensively studied, with evidence indicating that this vitamin can increase the osteogenic differentiation of muscle fibers, hence preserving and enhancing muscular strength and athletic performance. Low hormone levels are more common in older people as a result of poor food intake and decreased skin ultraviolet irradiation. As a result, elderly persons who are deficient in vitamin D may be at risk of developing sarcopenia, a geriatric condition defined by gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is frequently accompanied by adverse events such as falls, incapacity hospitalization, and mortality. As a result, these activities are seen to be crucial in illuminating the underlying functional condition of the aged, and functional mobility is employed as a technique for assessing fall risk and frailty. Several randomized controlled studies have been done to explore the efficacy of oral treatment in elderly people to prevent or cure sarcopenia; however, the results are still debatable. We describe the biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological data supporting the idea of a causal relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and a higher likelihood of sarcopenia in elderly adults in this narrative review. The muscular system, the biggest organ in the body, contributing to around 40% of body composition, is vital in exercising and glycogen depletion. Sarcopenia, a steady deterioration in muscle mass and strength, and function in the aged can result in prolonged circumstances, wheelchair confinement, and a reduction in quality of life. Diagnosis and control of muscle wasting are vital for improving health and quality of life in industrialized nations with aging populations. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has gained popularity in recent years because of its relevance in sarcopenia. The role of vitamin D deficiency and fortification on muscle wasting will be the focus of this review.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"453 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Competency of First Aids and Basic Life Support (BLS) Skills in Speech and Hearing Students","authors":"Prabuddha Bhatarai, Prateek Lokwani, Biraj Bhattarai, Dilli Raj Paudel, Aashish Sharma, P. Prabhu","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose  This study aimed to analyze speech and hearing students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding first aid and basic life support (BLS). Methods  A descriptive cross-sectional survey study was performed through a web-based questionnaire regarding knowledge of first aid and BLS skills, experience, and views about training on these skills among speech and hearing students. Results  Four-hundred forty-two students from 26 different speech and hearing colleges participated in the study. About 88.23% of participants reported the necessity of knowledge about BLS skills and first aids. Fifty-five percent of participants encountered at least one emergency during their training. There is significant difference between awareness and confidence in performing these skills (Mann–Whitney U test= 76.5; /z/= −2.39; p  = 0.019; effect size = 0.27). Most of the students (92.5%) reported not being trained to perform first aid and BLS skills and seek inclusion of these skills in their academic curriculum. Conclusions  Overall confidence in first aid skills is less in the students of speech and hearing when compared with the awareness level. Hence, formal training of first aid and BLS should be introduced into the curriculum to provide students with sound knowledge and practical skills and help them boost their confidence.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":" 6","pages":"497 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge on PCOS among the Nursing Students of a Selected College, Mangaluru","authors":"Welcita Ianya Ferrao, Veena Melisha Fernandes, Twinkle Thomas, Vineetha Roshni Baretto, S. Sequera","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759522","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder commonly affecting the adolescent girls. Globally, the prevalence rate is around 4 to 12% and it affects 5 to 10% women in their reproductive age group. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge on PCOS among the student nurses. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among 350 adolescent girls of a selected nursing college recruited using stratified random sampling. A predesigned, pretested, semistructured 16-item questionnaire containing two components—basic knowledge on PCOS (8) and treatment and prevention of PCOS (8), was used for data collection and the results were analyzed. Results revealed that all the adolescent girls (350; 100%) belonged to the age group of 18 to 20 years. It was noted that 306 (87.4%) of students had inadequate knowledge, whereas 44 (12.6%) students had adequate knowledge on PCOS. Significant association was found between primary source of information ( p  = 0.012) and knowledge on PCOS at 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that conduction of planned teaching programs is necessary to increase comprehensive knowledge with regard to detection of presenting symptoms and foster early diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome thereby promoting overall health.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"436 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47464397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Internship Students on the Emergency Crash Cart System in a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India","authors":"Varsha B. Nair, Shilpa Joseph, Shintu Thomas, Sharvana Sharvana, Pranav Pk, Shycil Mathew","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759508","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction  A crash cart is the trolley for storing lifesaving equipment and drugs in a hospital. During an emergency situation, nurses are left with confusion and hurry in getting the emergency medication and equipment. Typically, the crash cart system remains locked until a code blue triage is initiated by the hospital. This lack of exposure leads to poor competency and confident in performing essential tasks during a code blue. A well-organized crash cart system can save a lot of time and confusion during an emergency, which in turn can save a life. Aim  The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge and practice of internship students on emergency crash cart system and to find the correlation between knowledge and practices of nursing internship students on maintenance of emergency crash cart system. Materials and Methods  A descriptive correlative research study was conducted among 93 nursing internship students tertiary care hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The samples were selected by using purposive sampling techniques. Demographic proforma, structured knowledge questionnaire on knowledge regarding emergency crash cart system with 32 items was used to determine the level of knowledge and observation practice checklist with 24 items was used to assess the practice of internship students on maintenances of emergency crash cart system. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the collected data. Results  Majority (89; 95.7%) of the internship students are in the age group of 20 to 25 years and most (59; 63.4%) of internship students are working in wards. Of that 79 (84.9%) internship students have average knowledge with mean 18.1, median 19, and standard deviation (SD) 3.2. Majority 90 (96.7%) of the internship students have satisfactory practice on emergency crash carts with mean 22.9, median 23, and SD 1. 11. There is a moderate positive linear relationship between knowledge and practice scores of the internship students on the emergency crash cart system ( r  = 0.38, df =92, p = 0.05). Conclusions  The study concludes nursing internship students have average knowledge about emergency crash cart system. And the practice of internship students on maintenance of crash cart was satisfactory. The study thus implies the need for frequent reinforcement and training programs, which may help the internship students to improve knowledge on emergency crash cart systems. There should be clear instructions about the arrangement and use of a crash cart in each and every unit.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"503 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47491172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Management of Two Uncommon Cases of Acute Upper Limb Ischemia in Young","authors":"Basavaraj Utagi, Ruhi Kumar, K. Bhagavan","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758528","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute upper limb ischemia accounts for less than 5% of all cases of limb ischemia. The etiology in young individuals are usually traumatic. Other non-traumatic causes are rarely seen and here we present two such cases in young, presenting with acute upper limb ischemia. The choice between a surgical or a minimally invasive endovascular approach remains unclear. Endovascular approach to management, although based on expertise, offers good post procedural outcome, comparable to post-surgical outcomes. Here we present two cases of thrombotic occlusion of the upper extremity following trauma and arterial thoracic outlet syndrome respectively managed successfully with endovascular approach.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"431 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Confident Smiles Using Aesthetic Crown Lengthening Procedures with Gingivectomy: A Report of Two Cases","authors":"Ivaturi Sri Sai Meghana, A. Bhat, Biju Thomas, Rahul Bhandary, N. Shenoy","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1759492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We live in a society that appreciates beauty. More than just restoring the teeth, naturally attractive, confident smiles mean restoring and increasing overall quality of life. Making efforts to improve one's physical appearance is now regarded as an investment in one's health and well-being. Superior periodontal health is the cornerstone for an individual's aesthetic regeneration. As an outcome, perio-aesthetics is a comprehensive strategy that improves the appearance of the smile while maintaining long-term dental health. Hence, getting the ideal aesthetic effect is both difficult and gratifying. Crown lengthening is a feasible option for improving aesthetic appearance or aiding restorative therapy. Yet, before planning a crown lengthening operation, the patient's overall periodontal status and cleanliness habits should be assessed. Furthermore, for enhanced, conservative, and predictable results in aesthetic areas, a precise diagnostic and interdisciplinary strategy is essential. This article attempts to discuss guidelines for treating individuals with excessive gingival display, as well as treatment options, using two case reports as examples.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"581 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Psychosocial Intervention on Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cancer: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Seema S. Chavan, T. Mendonca","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758527","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background  Mothers of children with cancer are reported to experience stress more often. For children with cancer, parents are the primary source of social and emotional support, and they are also in charge of how successfully patients manage their illness. The degree of difficulty parents suffer after learning that their child has cancer significantly influences the child's psychological adjustment. Aim  The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention on quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with cancer. Materials and Methods  Quasi-intervention study design was undertaken, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the 60 mothers of children with cancer who were assigned randomly to the intervention and control groups. A pretested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used; the sociodemographic, WHOQOL-BREF scale with 26 items was studied. Statistical Analysis  Prevalence, demographic pro forma of mother and child was analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was used to establish the effectiveness of the psychosocial intervention on QoL. Association was done by using the chi-square test. SPSS package was used for analysis. Results  Psychosocial intervention was found to be effective in improving QoL scores in psychological health domain ( p  = 0.02*, p  < 0.05), social relationship domain ( p  = 0.04*, p  < 0.05), and environmental health domain ( p  = 0.001**, p  < 0.05). A significant association was found between the physical health domain and information on cancer ( p  = 0.01*), psychological health domain and financial status ( p  = 0.03*), social relationship domain and cost of treatment ( p  = 0.04*), Q1 and Q2 with the place of residence ( p  = 0.004**, p  = 0.02*), and Q2 and financial status ( p  = 0.03*). Conclusion  Mothers of children with cancer undergo a lot of stress and emotional turmoil and are at risk of deteriorating their QoL. Hence, they need to be provided support to address their issues. Thus, health professionals must develop and implement interventions to promote the QoL.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"479 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Malnutrition in BALB/c Mice: An Experimental Model Resembling Clinical Scenario","authors":"V. D’souza, Madhura Rj, Megha Shetty, V. A., Anirban Chakraborthy, M. B, V. A., Murali Badanthadka","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives  The study aims to develop a stable malnourished experimental mice model resembling the human population for future experimental studies. Materials and Methodology  At weaning, female BALB/c mice are separated into two groups: one receiving a low protein diet (LPD, 10% protein) and the other receiving a commercially available normal pellet diet (ND, 18% protein). Model development and stability were assessed using body mass index (BMI), biochemical parameters such as glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus using serum samples at the 12th and 15th weeks of the study, antioxidant assay, and liver histopathology observation. Antioxidant assay and histopathology observation using liver tissue sample excised after euthanasia. Results  LPD mice are categorized under grade I malnutrition based on the body weight change with respect to ND as per the principles of Gomez's classification of malnutrition. A significant long-term decrease in BMI of the malnourished group indicates the development of the stable malnourished model. Elevated serum enzyme levels in the 15th week and decreased antioxidant activity suggest liver injury and oxidative stress at the cellular level in the malnourished group. Histopathology alterations in the liver tissue further strengthen these observations reported in the human population of malnutrition. Conclusion  This study confirms the development of a stable malnourished experimental model using a LPD (10% protein). This model may be used to study the role of malnutrition in the pathophysiology of any disease, drug action, and its kinetics in the future.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"490 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Class Room Lectures with Fishbowl-Snowball Activity for Dental Undergraduate Students: An Observational Study","authors":"A. Hegde, Shreema Shetty, Deepshikha Mehrotra","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757731","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background  Traditional classroom lectures have been the backbone of the education system for a long time although this method is most effective but it may not always permit active engagement with the matter and learn it. In contrast, active teaching formats such as fishbowl and snowball techniques allow students to participate in the task of attaining knowledge by shifting the target from preceptor to student, thereby allowing a better understanding of the concepts. Methodology  A total of 80 final-year undergraduate dental students were included in this study. Each student was informed regarding study design and protocol. A lecture on the principles of Pediatric Endodontics was delivered to the students in small groups using the routine virtual method, following which a pre-test activity questionnaire and formal thinking questionnaire were given to the students for scoring. Following this, the class of 80 was divided into smaller groups of four each and the Fishbowl–snowball activity was performed. A post-test activity questionnaire and formal thinking questionnaire were given once again to the students for scoring. The mean pre and post-test scores were statistically analyzed using paired t -test by statistical software SPSS version 20. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results  The overall mean difference between pre and post-test activity and formal thinking scores was seen to be statistically significant ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion  It was seen that a combination of fishbowl and snowball method of teaching led to more satisfactory results as compared with the routine classroom teaching method.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":"13 1","pages":"395 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}