Journal of Applied Business Research最新文献

{"title":"A Generic Model Of Predicting Probability Of Success-Distress Of An Organization: A Logistic Regression Analysis","authors":"S. Bhandari, Anna J. Johnson-Syder","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10107","url":null,"abstract":"Many bankruptcy prediction models have been created over the years using a mix of variables derived mostly from accrual-based accounting statements and were industry specific. The primary issue with using a model comprised of accrual-based variables is that firm management can manipulate different components and make the balance sheet and income statement misleading (Wanuga 2006). Thus, firms appear financially healthy yet unable to meet the day-to-day cash flow needs of the firm; these financial issues are less likely to be hidden in the cash flow statement (Sharma 2001). In this study, we use a binary regression model with theoretically supported variables obtained from the cash flow statement to forecast firm success versus distress. Of particular interest, we examine firms representing 85 industries using firm data during and immediately following the greatest recession in United States history (Fieldhouse 2014; Lee 2014). The model is generic in the sense that it can be used to predict the probability of success-distress of any entity using the three major financial statements. We find that the overall model correctly classifies organizations 90.290 percent of the time.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"169-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Options For The Regulation Of Payday Loans","authors":"Michael H. Anderson, R. Jackson","doi":"10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10100","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses regulatory options that federal and state legislatures might consider for the payday loan industry. These options include outright prohibition; restricting the implicit annual percentage interest rate; limiting the amount per loan; limiting the number of concurrent loans; setting lower and upper limits on contract length; and defining the waiting period between loans. While other studies examining the payday loan industry have relied on user survey data or data from a specific lender, this study utilizes data collected by the administrative agent for all payday loan activity in several states, including Florida, Illinois, and Oklahoma. A comparison of key empirical results derived from the differing regulatory environments in these states provides guidance to those who consider imposing further regulation. The current regulatory constraints have resulted in a relatively low default rate, a high rate of loan denial, and a troubling industry reliance on the frequent borrower. An analytical framework is suggested for understanding the motivations of the low and high frequency borrowers.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earnings Management To Sustain Consecutive Earnings Increases","authors":"Kyunga Na","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10087","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I examine the pattern of earnings management undertaken by firms with a string of at least five-year consecutive earnings increases. Results indicate that discretionary accruals of those firms intensify as firms move towards the end of an earnings string while the extent of discretionary accruals declines sharply when the string ends.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68219358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Constraints On Perceived Business Success Of Rural Entrepreneurial Activities: A Case Of Two Rural Municipalities","authors":"Albert T. Agbenyegah","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10098","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the effect of selected entrepreneurial constraints on the perceived business success of small businesses. In this study the dependent variable, perceived business success is measured by two variables; business growth and existence of human capital. A 7 Likert scale structured questionnaires anchored on “1” strongly disagree and “7” strongly agree is used to source data from entrepreneurs. The convenience and snowball technique were used to source 300 entrepreneurs from the target population for data. Reliability of the measuring instrument was possible through the Cronbach alpha while the questionnaire was piloted for conceptual realities. In this study, the precise and individual constraints were operationalized as independent variables. Relationships between the independent variables and the perceived business success as dependent variable were investigated through multiple linear regression analysis. The outcomes of the study resolved that precise and individual constraints impact negatively on the perceived business success of small businesses and entrepreneurial activities. The findings further revealed adverse links between the independent and the dependent variable known as the perceived business success.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"117-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact Of The Joint Provision Of Non-Audit Services On Audit Firm’s Tenure: A Kuwaiti Evidence","authors":"Meshari O. Al-Hajri","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10093","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about the potential harm of the increased economic bond between the audit firm and the audit client resulting from the joint provision of audit and NAS have been investigated extensively in the audit literature. However, much of this research was conducted in developed countries’ settings, with very little, if any, carried out in the context of a developing country. The current study aims at filling this gap in audit research by investigating two important issues related to the joint provision using data from the Kuwaiti audit market. First, this study examines whether there is an association between the provision of NAS to the audit client and audit firm’s tenure as a surrogate of audit independence. Second, the current study aims at examining factors expected to influence clients’ purchase of NAS in the Kuwaiti audit market. Contrary to expectations, the results reveal a negative relationship between the joint provision and external audit firm’s tenure, suggesting that such a joint provision does not lead to the impairment of auditor independence. Results obtained from the NAS purchase logistic regression also show that audit client’s purchase of NAS from their audit firms is positively related to the amount of audit fees and client’s financial leverage.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Improving South Africa's Legislation On Tax Evasion: A Comparison Of Legislation On Tax Evasion Of The USA, UK, Australia And South Africa","authors":"Ansia Storm, K. Coetzee","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10106","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against tax evasion in South Africa is an ongoing battle. The tools available to law enforcement boil down to legislation and the enforcement thereof.  The purpose of the study that was done for this article was to compare available legislation of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa to determine if South Africa’s legislation can be improved. This was done by studying the relevant literature and legislation of all four countries. The findings, that there is some clauses that can be added to improve South Africa’s legislation, were confirmed by analyzing the legislation available. In theory, the results have proven that although South Africa’s legislation can compete with that of the United States of America, United Kingdom and Australia, there is some improvement that can be considered. This is of value to the individuals and professionals who deal with the offence of tax evasion on a daily basis, ensuring that the reviewed legislation will deter perpetrators or that the charges brought against them in the court of law will ensure harsher punishment.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"151-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job Satisfaction: Are Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Beneficial And Do Different Governance Structures Matter?","authors":"Alfred E. Seaman, J. Williams","doi":"10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10089","url":null,"abstract":"The non-financial benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives remain an understudied controversy in the literature. We draw on elements of stakeholder theory to investigate the effect of multiple CSR initiatives on job satisfaction for a widespread set of medium-sized Canadian companies. We explore this relationship further by focusing on the moderating effects of governance control structures. Data on these variables is captured through the lens of CFO/controller perceptions because of their intimate governance gatekeeping over firms’ control structure/systems. In this respect, we assume that CFOs are among the instrumental drivers in advancing an organization’s unfolding social consciousness. Research findings in this study reveal the criticality of examining this linkage within the context of the performance-based versus conformance-based dimensions of an organization’s corporate governance control structure – two governance dimensions championed by the International Federation of Accountants (2009). Results for low/high levels of performance-based control structures manifest different interaction configurations of statistically significant CSR variables that heighten job satisfaction. However, significant interaction effects under low/high levels featuring compliance-based control structures are not forthcoming, despite the presence of significant main effects in the CSR/job satisfaction relationship. These findings offer firms a more comprehensive practical understanding of benefits associated with investments in particular CSR strategies while grooming specific control structures, as well as offering researchers new control variables to model in the CSR domain.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44411803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors That Affect The Nonpayment Of Municipal Services In Madibeng, Mamelodi And Soshanguve Townships Of South Africa","authors":"Z. Worku","doi":"10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10097","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Madibeng, Mamelodi and Soshanguve townships of South Africa in order to assess and evaluate the main reasons for the non-payment of municipal services by members of the community. The study was conducted based on a stratified random sample of size 428 households. Statistical data analyses were performed by using methods such as ordered logistic regression analysis and Bayesian analyses. The results showed that 22% of households in Madibeng, 54% of households in Mamelodi and 78% of households in Soshanguve were willing to pay for municipal services that were provided to them by their local municipalities. Reluctance to pay for municipal services was significantly influenced by employment status, level of formal education and race group. The study was conducted based on a stratified random sample of size 428 households in Madibeng, Mamemlodi and Soshanguve townships. The population sizes of Madibeng (477, 381), Mamemlodi (334, 577) and Soshanguve (403, 162) townships were estimated based on a census conducted by Statistics South Africa (2012) in the year 2011. Stratification was done by township. Data was collected on socioeconomic factors that are known to undermine the quality of municipal service delivery. At each household, data was collected from the head of the household. Data collection was done by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study from each of the 428 households in the three townships. A random sample of size 167 households (39% of the total sample size of study) was drawn from Madibeng. A random sample of size 120 households was drawn from Mamelodi (28% of the total sample size of study). A random sample of size 141 (33% of the total sample size of study) was drawn from Soshanguve. The key aim of study was to identify and quantify key predictors of nonpayment of municipal services. The degree of satisfaction of households on the quality of municipal services provided to them was assessed by using a 5-point ordinal scale. Cross-tab analyses (Hair, Black, Rabin & Anderson, 2010), ordered logistic regression analysis (Kleinbaum, Kupper, Nizam & Rosenberg, 2013) and Bayesian analysis (Browne & Goldstein, 2010) were used for performing data analyses. The statistical package STATA version 15 (STATA Corporation, 2017) was used for data analyses. to 41%, 39% and 27% respectively. The percentages of residents who strongly believed that unpaid fees for municipal services should be written off as a loss at Madibeng, Mamelodi and Soshanguve were equal to 40%, 38% and 26% respectively. The percentages of residents who believed that fees for municipal services should be paid up by the Government at Madibeng, Mamelodi and Soshanguve were equal to 62%, 34% and 19% respectively. The percentages of residents who strongly believed that unpaid fees should be recovered from defaulters by legal means at Madibeng, Mamelodi and Soshanguve were equal to 27%, 39% and 41% respectively. The percentages of r","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"99-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Of Path-Goal Leadership Theory And Learning Theory In A Learning Organization","authors":"B. Farhan","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper used learning theory and path-goal theory to propose a learning leadership model.  The practical side of these two theories is suitable for this proposed model, its agenda, and its tools for improving organizational learning.  The model is based on the assumption that leaders need to develop their competences and the competences of subordinates by creating a continuous learning process through sharing, exchanging, and improving knowledge and experiences.  The model states that learning leaders act as facilitators of the organizational learning process and adopt the right attitude to motivate subordinates for learning by removing obstacles and creating a learning culture.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43028038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Changes In The Korean Accounting Environment On The Productivity Of Accounting Firms","authors":"S. Kang, I. Hwang, K. Hur","doi":"10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/JABR.V34I1.10091","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate how changes in the accounting environment in Korea affect firm productivity, this study analyzes productivity by firm size and labor type from 2000 to 2014, using a Cobb–Douglas production function. We find that (1) the greater the management advisory (tax) revenue, the greater the total revenue in large (small) accounting firms; and (2) marginal revenue is greatest for partners, followed by certified public accountants and general employees. In particular, partners’ contribution to large accounting firms improved after 2007, whereas general employees made a significant positive contribution to total revenue before 2007.","PeriodicalId":40064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Business Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}