Malaysian Family Physician最新文献

{"title":"Story of a diving mouse and a driving man.","authors":"Ruzilawati Abu Bakar, Imran Ahmad","doi":"10.51866/mol.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/mol.1061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12967410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation research in Primary Care (Part 2): How to conduct implementation research?","authors":"Wen Ting Tong, Chor Yau Ooi, Anne Sales, Chirk Jenn Ng","doi":"10.51866/cm.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/cm.1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is the second paper on implementation research in primary care. This paper outlines key processes for conducting implementation research, emphasising the importance of selecting relevant theories, models, and frameworks to guide each stage. Three core steps common for implementation research were described: identifying determinants that influence implementation, mapping appropriate strategies to address these determinants, and evaluating implementation outcomes. Determinant frameworks such as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Theoretical Domains Framework help researchers understand contextual barriers and facilitators, while resources like the ERIC taxonomy and Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy support strategy selection. Evaluation frameworks, including Proctor's implementation outcomes and RE-AIM, enable systematic assessment of implementation success. This paper also highlights the essential role of stakeholder engagement throughout the research process. Together, these components offer a structured, theory-informed approach to support effective, scalable, and sustainable implementation efforts in primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation research in Primary Care (Part 1): What is implementation research?","authors":"Chor Yau Ooi, Wen Ting Tong, Anne Sales, Chirk Jenn Ng","doi":"10.51866/cm.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/cm.1067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implementation research plays a vital role in narrowing the \"evidence-to-practice\" gap in primary care by ensuring that evidence-based interventions are not only adopted but also embedded into routine clinical practice in a sustainable way. This is especially important in primary care, where clinicians care for diverse patient groups, work within evolving healthcare systems, and face rapid technological change. Implementation research is defined as <i>\"the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice, thereby improving the quality and effectiveness of health services.\"</i> This commentary introduces the concept and significance of implementation research, outlines its place within the broader research translation continuum, and clarifies how it differs from quality improvement. It also provides examples of how implementation research is applied in primary care to support the adoption of new innovations.should be further verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological features and prevalence patterns of prediabetes outcomes in an east coast Malaysian cohort: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Nurul Azreen Yusof, Aniza Abdul Aziz, Nyi Nyi Naing, Nur Aiza Idris, Hassan Basri Mukhali, Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail, Rohaiza Abd Kadir, Mohamad Hasan Ahmad","doi":"10.51866/oa.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/oa.994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rising prevalence of prediabetes poses a significant public health challenge worldwide. This descriptive study aimed to offer insights into the epidemiological characteristics and progression patterns of prediabetes, which are crucial for informing effective interventions and addressing the growing diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study involved 705 adults with prediabetes attending 28 health clinics in Terengganu, Malaysia, from January 2019 to June 2023. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history and clinical measures during diagnosis and follow-up were collected from medical records and analysed using descriptive statistics. The progression trends to normoglycaemia, stable prediabetes and DM were determined based on glycated haemoglobin levels recorded over a 2-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 705 participants, 25.0% (n=176) reverted to normoglycaemia; 59.1% (n=4l7) remained stable with prediabetes; and 15.9% (n=112) progressed to DM within the 2-year follow-up. Dyslipidaemia, with higher triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein levels at diagnosis, was more prevalent among the participants who progressed to DM. Additionally, the participants with DM had higher median weight, body mass index and fasting blood sugar level at diagnosis than the other participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the critical need for targeted interventions to address the observed trends in the progression from prediabetes to DM in the Malaysian population. Comprehensive prediabetes programmes focusing on lifestyle modifications such as weight management, glycaemic control and lipid profile optimisation, along with regular monitoring, are essential in preventing progression to DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of smoking cessation counselling and its associated factors among government primary healthcare workers in Perak: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Chang Hoong Lee, Anusha Vijayan, Dharishini Priya Nadarajan, Ibrahim Haniff Aizuddin, Ilavarase Nadraja, Karti Kunasekaran, Muhammad Khatib Haji Kamarul Ariffin, Khairatul Nainey Kamaruddin, Ai Theng Cheong","doi":"10.51866/oa.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/oa.943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary healthcare workers are in a strategic position to promote smoking cessation due to their accessibility. This study aimed to determine smoking cessation counselling (SCC) practice among primary healthcare workers and identify its associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 363 primary healthcare workers in all government healthcare clinics in the districts of Hilir Perak, Kerian, Kinta, Larut, Matang and Selama, and Manjung from January to June 2023. Doctors, allied health professionals, pharmacists, medical assistants, and nurses were included. Knowledge, attitude, and practice ofSCC were assessed using a validated 22-items questionnaire that covered 5 As (ask, advise, assess, assist and, arrange) and 5 Rs (relevance, risks, rewards, roadblocks and, repetitions). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the factors associated with poor practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were doctors (31.1% ), followed by allied health professionals (21.8%), pharmacists (19.3%), medical assistants (14.3%), and nurses (13.5%). The majority showed poor practice (93.7%), knowledge (94.8%), and attitude (51.5%). Only 16.8% were trained in SCC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only the district was significantly associated with poor counselling practice. Hilir Perak district showed the highest odds of having poor practice (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =17.80, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 2.02-156.97, P-value=0.01). However, the prevalence of poor practice among the other districts was also high (77.0%-97.8%). Conclusion: SCC practice, knowledge, and attitude are poor among Perak's government primary healthcare workers. The district-specific differences suggest that localized studies should be considered to determine the influential factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family characteristics and non-food expenditure as determinants of dietary diversity among children aged 24-59 months in Karangkamulyan Village, Banten, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nabilah Alifia Firdauzy, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika","doi":"10.51866/oa.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/oa.606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low dietary diversity is strongly associated with anaemia, stunting and underweight in young children. However, its determinants vary across populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary diversity with child and family characteristics among children aged 24-59 months in Karangkamulyan Village, Banten, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 involving 210 children selected through a total sampling method. Data were collected through structured interviews with children's mother or primary caregiver. SPSS was utilised for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean dietary diversity score among the children was 3.78. The majority of the children (78.6%) had a low minimum dietary diversity (<5 food groups per day). Family size (odds ratio [OR]=2.732, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.012-7.377) and maternal parity (OR=2.589, 95% CI=1.028-6.520) were significantly associated with the minimum dietary diversity (P<0.05). Conversely, electricity expenditure (r=-0.255, P<0.05) and mobile phone credit expenditure (r=-0.143, P<0.05) were negatively correlated with the dietary diversity score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that non-food expenditure and family characteristics were significantly associated with dietary diversity among children aged 24-59 months. These findings highlight the need for collaboration among various stakeholders to improve the dietary quality for young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosis with untreated hypothyroidism: How a generalist made a difference.","authors":"Shahrizam Tahir, Nur Suhaila Idris, Aida Maziha Zainudin","doi":"10.51866/cr.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/cr.897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myxoedema psychosis is a rare but treatable condition resulting from severe hypothyroidism. We report the case of a man who presented to a primary healthcare facility seeking a medical report for financial assistance, having lost his job after being treated for schizophrenia. A comprehensive re-evaluation raised the possibility of endocrinopathy-induced psychosis as one of the differentials. The diagnostic process was challenging due to the rarity of the condition and the absence of classic hypothyroid features. Laboratory investigations revealed markedly low free thyroxine levels and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, confirming the diagnosis. Treatment with levothyroxine led to significant clinical improvement. This case underscores the vital role of primary care providers in recognising organic causes of psychosis through patient-centred assessment, application of primary care principles and interdisciplinary collaboration. It also highlights the potential consequences of misdiagnosis in atypical psychiatric presentations, including functional decline and job loss, and reinforces that appropriate management can lead to optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among indigenous infants in Sepang and Kuala Langat: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sing Wei Low, Ai Theng Cheong, Irmi Zarina Ismail","doi":"10.51866/oa.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51866/oa.643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malnutrition has emerged as a national issue in Malaysia, especially among indigenous populations. The types of feeding practices affect infantile growth in early life. Detecting malnutrition early and increasing awareness of its contributing factors are critical in handling this issue. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among indigenous infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved indigenous infants followed up in primary health clinics in Sepang and Kuala Langat, Selangor. Universal sampling was used to recruit participants, where survey interviews and health record reviews were conducted for data collection. Nutritional status was classified based on growth parameters (weight-for-age, height-for-age, BMI-for-age and weight-for-height Z scores) at 2, 4 and 6 months. Any abnormalities were considered to indicate malnutrition. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors of malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 infants were included in this study. Among them, 45.4%, 44.5% and 10.1% were exclusively breastfed, formula-fed and predominantly breastfed, respectively. Approximately 16.0% had malnutrition at 6 months of age. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the male infants had 3.69 and 7.37 times higher odds of having malnutrition and undernutrition than the female infants, respectively. The breastfed infants had 3.46 and 5.10 times higher odds of experiencing malnutrition and undernutrition than the formula-fed infants, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost one-fifth of the indigenous infants had malnutrition at 6 months old. The male and breastfed indigenous infants were more at risk for malnutrition. However, these results should be further verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"21 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated community-dwelling older adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional multicentre study in Perak.","authors":"Kin Wei Chua, Abdul Rani Rosilawati, Xing Yi Tang, Ahmad Tajuddin Ainul Hana, Sivaraja Yogeswary, Sariban Suriyati, Razali Norwani, Zainal Abidin Sofiah, Chin Aun Liew, Wee Kooi Cheah","doi":"10.51866/oa.718","DOIUrl":"10.51866/oa.718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surveillance studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated adults. Community-dwelling older adults have a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency due to lower gut absorption. To date, data on this specific cohort are lacking. We aimed to investigate the local prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated factors among metformin-treated older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study investigated community-dwelling patients with diabetes aged ≥65 years from four healthcare facilities from August 2023 to March 2024. Blood samples were sent to a central laboratory to determine vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum vitamin B12 levels of ≤221 pmol/L. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test) and independent t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred two participants were included in the study, of whom 61.8% were women (n=63), and 55.9% were Malays (n=57). The median age was 70 years (interquartile range [IQR]=67-74), and the median duration of metformin usage was 9.0 years (IQR=5.0-12.3). The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 29.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]=20.4-38.4, n=30), with a median vitamin B12 level of 287.0 pmol/L (IQR=200.5-448.8). Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with advancing age (P<0.05), but not with sex, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, metformin use, BMI, latest HbA1c level recorded and haemoglobin level (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with diabetes aged ≥65 years have a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Blood screening for vitamin B12 deficiency is needed for this population in Peninsular Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"20 ","pages":"79-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12789806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of postpartum glucose intolerance and its association with physical activity levels among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus attending public primary care clinics in Penang: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gayatherri Meganathan, Valli Ragunathan, Kaur Ranjit Singh Jaspreet, Balasundram Radhini, Adeline Chen Mei Tai, Khairatul Nainey Kamaruddin, Salim Hani","doi":"10.51866/oa.880","DOIUrl":"10.51866/oa.880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of developing glucose intolerance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of glucose intolerance and its associated factors among postpartum women with a history of GDM in Penang.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at five government primary care clinics in Penang. Postpartum women with a history of GDM who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6-12 weeks postpartum were recruited from August to October 2023. Data collected included sociodemographic details, clinical characteristics, physical activity levels measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and OGTT results. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 204 women participated, with a mean age of 31.7 (SD=5.05) years. The prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus was 23.5% and 3.9%, respectively. Among the participants, 47.5% were inactive, while 27.5% were physically active. The participants on oral medication or insulin had higher odds of developing postpartum glucose intolerance. Conversely, the participants who were minimally active or active had a lower likelihood of developing glucose intolerance than those who were inactive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among women attending primary care clinics in Penang, 27.5% had abnormal glucose tolerance postpartum. Physical inactivity was a significant risk factor. This study highlights the need to promote physical activity during pre-pregnancy care to reduce postpartum glucose intolerance and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":40017,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Family Physician","volume":"20 ","pages":"78-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12789809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}