Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics最新文献_第9页

Uncertainty of, and stakeholder response to, emerging technologies: food nanotechnology in Japan 新兴技术的不确定性和利益相关者的反应:日本的食品纳米技术

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-07-06 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00127

M. Tachikawa

引用次数: 5

Engaging whom and for what ends? Australian stakeholders' constructions of public engagement in relation to nanotechnologies 与谁接触，为了什么目的?澳大利亚利益相关者对纳米技术相关的公众参与的构建

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00124

A. Petersen, D. Bowman

{"title":"Engaging whom and for what ends? Australian stakeholders' constructions of public engagement in relation to nanotechnologies","authors":"A. Petersen, D. Bowman","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00124","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the language of public engagement has increasingly infused discus- sions about the science-society relationship. This is particularly evident in Australia, the United Kingdom and Europe in relation to nanotechnologies. Thus far, the discourse of public engage- ment has been largely preoccupied with exploring the mechanisms for 'engaging' 'the public', with single stakeholder-driven events dominating initiatives. Many engagement efforts have re - invented the so-called deficit model of public understanding, whereby 'the problem' to be addressed is 'the public's' assumed 'ignorance' or lack of awareness of the science. In comparison, there has been little reflection on the assumptions and conceptual frameworks that guide stake- holders' policies and actions, including constructions of science and citizenship. If one is to address the lack of opportunities for citizen participation in science policymaking, it is essential to question these assumptions and reveal how they guide and limit thinking and action. This article outlines the diverse conceptions of 'the public' and 'public engagement', reflecting the different values, experiences and positioning of Australian stakeholders within the nanotechnology field. The article seeks to contextualise the discourse of public engagement, highlighting the particular set of conditions and concerns that have shaped its language and practices and the attendant gov- ernmental implications. Finally, it concludes by identifying the kinds of strategies that will be required to advance the democratisation of science and technology in the future.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The ethical and social imperatives of dialogue for public engagement in technoscience: trends in Asia–Pacific governance 对话促进公众参与科技的伦理和社会必要性:亚太地区治理的趋势

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00129

Tomiko Yamaguchi, Karen Cronin, D. Macer

引用次数: 1

EMF controversy in Chigu, Taiwan: contested declarations of risk and scientific knowledge have implications for risk governance 台湾赤谷电磁场争议:有争议的风险声明和科学知识对风险治理的影响

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00125

S. Kao

{"title":"EMF controversy in Chigu, Taiwan: contested declarations of risk and scientific knowledge have implications for risk governance","authors":"S. Kao","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00125","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the controversy concerning the emission of electromagnetic waves at a meteorological radar site in Chigu, Taiwan, as an example of an emerging technologi- cal risk. At the heart of this controversy is a lack of scientific evidence and consensus regarding potential or future effects of the radiation on human health. The Chigu meteorological radar site started operating in 2000, and medical problems have inexplicably increased in one offshore com- munity adjacent to this radar station since 2006. The community residents have long suspected that such disproportionate medical problems are a result of their daily exposure to electromag- netic waves from this meteorological radar site and now they are calling for this station to be dis- mantled. The Central Weather Bureau has responded to local residents' protests by claiming that no scientific evidence of such risk exists, according to the criteria set by the Environmental Protec- tion Administration (EPA) in Taiwan and several documents published by the World Health Orga- nization. Environmental activists and local residents have never agreed with such responses and claims. Controversies between both camps continue to fester. Drawing from arguments presented in studies by Funtowicz and Ravetz and the literature on participatory risk governance, the pre- sent study employs a qualitative approach, with in-depth interviews and analysis of documentary data, to investigate this case. The research delineates conflicting portrayals and framings of scien- tific knowledge and risk by technocrats and by civil society. The 'post-normal science' call for democratizing expertise has a critical role in providing a perspective through which a contempo- rary complex scientific controversy may be better understood in social-political contexts in Taiwan and shed light on better risk governance.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"81-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Deconstructing the dangerous dogma of denial: the feminist-environmental justice movement and its flight from overpopulation 解构危险的否认教条:女权主义-环境正义运动及其对人口过剩的逃避

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-04-05 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00123

M. Weld

{"title":"Deconstructing the dangerous dogma of denial: the feminist-environmental justice movement and its flight from overpopulation","authors":"M. Weld","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00123","url":null,"abstract":"Media reports on the wave of unrest sweeping the Arab world for the most part ignore a crucial underlying factor: rapid, unsustainable population growth. Seventeen years ago, Egypt, one of the countries at the center of the current unrest, hosted the International Conference on Population and Development. Under the influence of feminist and social justice non-governmental organisations, population reduction as an end in itself was off the agenda as antithetical to women’s rights. A focus on development alone was expected to bring about a reduction in population growth. In the absence of national or international (United Nations) population strategies, financial support for family planning has fallen sharply and population growth has remained rapid. Consequently, development has lagged, and a deteriorating environment and resource scarcity have led to conflict in many regions. This article challenges the arguments used to suppress discussion of and action on population growth and invites readers to break the silence of policy makers and scholars to discuss the role of population growth in a myriad of problems, what we can call the population taboo.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69655054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Demand or discretion? The market model applied to science and its core values and institutions 要求还是谨慎?市场模式应用于科学及其核心价值和制度

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-01-27 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00118

Ylva Hasselberg

{"title":"Demand or discretion? The market model applied to science and its core values and institutions","authors":"Ylva Hasselberg","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the hypothetical consequences of applying the rationality of the market model to the core activities of science, viz. reading, writing texts, and posing and answer- ing scientific questions. What would happen to science and to our ideas and norms regarding sci- ence if we ascribed to the individual scientist the rationality of 'economic man'? The starting point is a discussion of scientific norms and driving forces in the sociology of science. A central conclu- sion is that science has until now been perceived as being judgment driven, and that scientific judgment historically has been formed in a setting where intersubjectivity has been central. This analysis bridges the gap between classical Mertonian sociology of science and science and tech- nology studies. What then happens to discretionary decision making if we introduce economic rationality into science? Economics tends to treat science from a Mertonian viewpoint, presuppos- ing a value-based rationality, and when economic rationality (the supply/demand mechanism) is introduced, these values are not affected. However, the conclusion of this article is that this would indeed deeply affect scientific rationality. Discretionary decision making would be downplayed, as focus would shift from the text as a means of communicating the result, to the text as a commod- ity in a market of publication. This would disembed the credibility cycle, and it would alter the character of scientific work and undermine intersubjectivity. Consumption would be disembed- ded from the context of use and from the norms regarding the use of texts and their value. The knowledge base necessary for intersubjectivity would decrease.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"35-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Consumption: the other side of population for development* 消费:人口发展的另一面*

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-01-02 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00122

F. Mata, Larry Onisto, J. Vallentyne

{"title":"Consumption: the other side of population for development*","authors":"F. Mata, Larry Onisto, J. Vallentyne","doi":"10.3354/ESEP00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ESEP00122","url":null,"abstract":"World population is growing at an alarming rate, and thus population has become a major topic in sustainable development fora. In these debates, it is often asserted that developing countries with large populations pose a greater world environmental threat than developed countries with smaller populations. Because of this view, developed countries often appeal to developing countries to reduce their population growth. However, it is well known that developed countries have higher levels of consumption than developing countries and that consumption also exerts pressure on the environment. Although awareness of the importance of consumption for development and the recognition of the relationship between population and consumption are increasing, population still takes precedence over consumption as a major concern for sustainability. Our objective here is to present the importance of consumption vis-à-vis population for development and to discuss their direct linkages. We draw on the work by Vallentyne (1978: Verh Int Verein Limnol 20:1–12; and 1982: Biol Int 5:10–12), and use his ‘demotechnic’ index to combine and inter-relate population and consumption. By doing so, we are able to adjust population by consumption, obtaining estimates that allow fair comparisons of countries in terms of their global environmental stress. The conclusions obtained from the estimates of population adjusted by consumption seriously question the assumption that countries with larger populations pose a greater environmental risk. Sustainable development is premised on a balance between population and consumption within the overall limits imposed by nature. Therefore, it becomes clear that not only population but also consumption have to be reduced if sustainability is to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":40001,"journal":{"name":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Vallentyne was right: achieving sustainability requires accounting for all relevant factors 瓦伦坦是对的:实现可持续发展需要考虑到所有相关因素

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-01-02 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00120

William N. Ryerson

引用次数: 2

O Canada, o quanta qualia 加拿大,多少感受性

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-01-02 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00119

William K. W. Li

引用次数: 0

Tribute to an ‘obnoxious’ ecocatalytical demotechnician: Jack Vallentyne on population 向一位“令人讨厌的”生态催化人口学家致敬:杰克·瓦伦坦的人口问题

Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics Pub Date : 2012-01-02 DOI: 10.3354/ESEP00121

S. Hurlbert

引用次数: 0