Security and Human Rights最新文献

{"title":"OSCE and the Nagorno-Karabakh Peace Process","authors":"Carey Cavanaugh","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703001","url":null,"abstract":"The Minsk Process for Nagorno-Karabakh has directed unprecedented engagement from key world powers on this decades-old dispute. OSCE’s first peacemaking effort survived a rocky start, evolving into a functional multi-faceted conflict management instrument. While the envisioned “Minsk Conference” was never held, not one of the myriad peace proposals adopted, no status determination for Nagorno-Karabakh ever made, and no refugees or lands returned, the Minsk Process may still be considered a success. Frequent criticism notwithstanding, it has kept Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a near continuous diplomatic dialogue, restrained large-scale fighting, and belied fears of a significant regional conflagration. That is a noteworthy achievement.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"422-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting the Ups and Downs of OSCE Mediation","authors":"D. Lanz","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703005","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the development of OSCE mediation and provides elements to explain the ups and downs over time. The origins of OSCE mediation date back to the inception of the organisation during the Cold War period. However, it only became a mediator in the 1990s, playing different roles. This work suffered in the 2000s as the OSCE’s relevance was increasingly questioned. In recent years, the OSCE has seen renewed growth, owing to a political commitment by participating States to strengthen its mediation capacities and because of the leading role it took on in mediating the crisis in and around Ukraine. While this is a significant development, this article argues that the OSCE’s mediation role is likely to be limited, focusing on the niche of managing established formats and local conflict prevention.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geneva International Discussions – Negotiating the Possible","authors":"Teona Giuashvili, Jaba Devdariani","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the role that the OSCE has played in the Geneva International Discussions, discussing the key political and institutional obstacles to effective mediation, as well as the creative institutional solutions that helped the OSCE to mediate and implement several specific projects of significant practical importance.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"381-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Dilemma of the Status Quo in Nagorno-Karabakh","authors":"A. Shirinyan","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703010","url":null,"abstract":"The 4-day war in Nagorno-Karabakh in April 2016 has shown that a shift in the political and military balance of power between the conflicting parties is not enough to reverse the status quo by military means. The use of force and the threat of war aggravate the conflict’s security dilemma, further consolidating the status quo. As the OSCE Minsk Group’s mediation efforts remain hostage to the geopolitics behind the conflict, it is the political will of the conflicting parties and their adherence to fair play and mutual compromise that can shift the logic of the conflict’s dynamics into a more constructive course.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"74 1","pages":"467-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64866924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Minsk Agreements and the osce Special Monitoring Mission: Providing Effective Monitoring for the Ceasefire Regime","authors":"H. Haug","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703004","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking to place the SMM within the broader matrix of actors and initiatives involved in Ukraine, the contribution discusses the role of the OSCE SMM in supporting the implementation of the Minsk Agreements. The SMM has a role in monitoring, reporting and facilitating the implementation of the ceasefire elements in the Minsk Agreements, and interacts with a range of stakeholders across different levels. The contribution discusses some significant challenges and impediments to the implementation of the Minsk Agreements, and looks at how the SMM’s possibilities and limitations to monitor and report on the security related aspects of these Agreements are affected by such constraints.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"342-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Common Challenges: Multifaceted Obstacle Course for the osce and all Parties Concerned","authors":"A. Sargsyan","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703014","url":null,"abstract":"The chapters in this edition have been compiled together in an effort to shed light on the complexities of the osce’s mediation work. Its aim has been to unpack the oversimplified narratives in light of the idiosyncrasies of the conflicts concerned, the peculiarities of respective peace processes, the insti­ tutional frameworks within which these processes unfold and the impact of geopolitical drivers on the conflict and peace process dynamics alike. A careful reading of the multiple experiences captured in this volume reveals a few com­ mon findings that cut across the diverse cases and can be summarised below in the following four main categories: (geo)political; institutional; process design related; and definitional.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"517-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azerbaijan’s Perspectives on the osce Minsk Group","authors":"Zaur Shiriyev","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703016","url":null,"abstract":"The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ) led Minsk Group – the principal mediator tasked with the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, is often criticised by Azerbaijan, due to the stalemate in negotiations. The intensive period of engagement between 2006 and 2009 brought first the initial and then the “updated” Madrid Principles. This was the chief working document that set forth the basic principles for peaceful resolution. The inactivity of the Minsk Group is often conceded as the result of maintaining “minimalist goals” – preventing full scale war and trying to bring conflict parties to the negotiating table. The April war in 2016 tested the fragility of the first goal: preventing skirmishes from leading to larger scale conflict. Similarly, after the April 2016 war, the attempt to revitalise the second goal – i.e. bringing the parties to the negotiating table – also collapsed, due to the increased mistrust between the parties after the war.The article will evaluate the geopolitical changes and their impact on the Minsk Group’s work since 2008, the reasons for the demands to change the format of the Minsk Group, and finally Azerbaijan’s perspectives on the limitations of the Minsk Group’s current mandate and mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"442-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64867544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukraine Crisis and Mediation: Not Business as Usual","authors":"Christian Schläpfer","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703009","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution examines mediation efforts undertaken by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in the context of the current crisis in and around Ukraine. It describes the establishment and evolution of the Trilateral Contact Group (TCG) and the mediated peace talks on the conflict in eastern Ukraine – the Minsk Process. Drawing from the author’s insider perspective, it sheds light on the unique aspects of the framework compared to classical mediation processes. It argues that, due to its connectivity with high-level diplomacy as well as its ability to adapt to a constantly evolving conflict, the Minsk Process represents a valuable, flexible, at times untypical, mediation framework.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"327-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64866711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Mediator: Taking Stock of the osce’s Mechanisms and Instruments for Conflict Resolution","authors":"Christina Stenner","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703011","url":null,"abstract":"Mediation and dialogue facilitation are at the heart of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europes’s (OSCE) engagements, and have become widely recognised as being among the most effective means for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts both, in terms of costs and results.1 The OSCE has however started with a different set of mechanisms to settle conflicts, such as the Valletta mechanism or the Conciliation Committee. This article examines these mechanisms and elaborates on the reasons why they have never been applied. It further describes the evolvement of new instruments, in particular, its mediation and dialogue facilitation capacities. Further, the OSCE has institutionalised an explicit mediation support capacity to provide adequate assistance, similar to the UN and the EU. Without a doubt, the OSCE can be clearly regarded as a mediator. The article presents the OSCE’s different roles of being a mediator and its struggle for principles like inclusivity and efficiency, or impartiality and neutrality. The stocktaking of mechanisms and instruments and the OSCE’s role as a mediator concludes with the Organization’s weaknesses and strengths, and respective recommendations for further development.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"256-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64866977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Dialogue in Ukraine: You Must Spoil before You Spin","authors":"N. Mirimanova","doi":"10.1163/18750230-02703006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703006","url":null,"abstract":"The paper evaluates the attempt to launch a National Dialogue process in Ukraine backed by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) from the perspective of its teleology, design and impact in the context of the aggravating internal divisions, problematic legitimacy of the post-Maidan leadership, Russia actively backing the forces in opposition to the interim government in Kiev and subversive of the integrity of the Ukrainian state, and peaked geopolitical tensions in the broader region. in the run up to the extraordinary presidential election in Ukraine scheduled for 25 May 2014, the OSCE backed the launching of a National Dialogue to prevent further escalation of the destructive and increasingly violent internal conflict. The efforts aimed at the consolidation of the Ukrainian political elite from across the country, including in the rebellious East and South regions, and across the political spectrum, also involving the party of the fugitive President Yanukovych.This endeavor, by the OSCE Swiss Chairmanship, provides insight into the opportunities and limitations of the top-down and elite-based approach to the National Dialogue in Ukraine, particularly in comparison with the local grassroots dialogue initiatives in the divided communities as well as the center-region dialogue formats, on the one hand, and with the extra-national formats of talks involving Ukraine and Russia, on the other. Besides, lack of the strategic sequencing and embeddedness of short-term objectives of the stakeholders to either keep or challenge the political status quo and long-term accommodation of political differences by the reformed political and administrative arrangements and national reconciliation prevented the National Dialogue from gaining the momentum, was prohibitive of its continuity and did not get traction with the population irrespective of the political preferences.There were objective reasons that prevented proper design and implementation of the dialogue, such as urgency, extreme polarisation and strong pressure on the post-Maidan leadership at the time from opposing constituents that ardently rejected dialogue, a factor that could not be ignored against the backdrop of the upcoming series of elections. However the OSCE political imperative had prevailed over the professional approach to the design and facilitation of the National Dialogue. In particular, no clear agenda that resonated with the diverse constituencies’ actual needs and grievances was developed, no broad consultations had been held prior to the dialogue, disagreements between the stakeholders regarding the participation were not resolved, and the very design of the events, including media presence, was not conducive of the genuine deliberation and joint search for the mutually acceptable short-term and long-term trajectory of the country.","PeriodicalId":39991,"journal":{"name":"Security and Human Rights","volume":"193 1","pages":"358-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18750230-02703006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64866753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}