{"title":"Introduction of a new testing method (horizontal sorption) for the in-situ analysis of water absorption by porous stone surfaces and effect of surface treatments","authors":"P. Juhász, K. Kopecskó","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to introduce the horizontal sorption technique and to demonstrate its applicability for the observation of porous materials and effect of surface treatments. The horizontal sorption testing method is a new technique, which was developed to facilitate the in-situ assessment of water absorption properties of porous materials. This new technique has some advantages compared to the already existing in-situ testing methods (Karsten pipe method, contact sponge method). It is easy to use, requires no supplementary electric devices, and tight attachment of the measuring tool onto the surface is not necessary. Moreover, the absorption of the water can be easily initiated and then documented. In the present paper several different ways of application of the technique are shown. The testing method was proven to be appropriate for the evaluation of the rate of water absorption, for determination of the sedimentary fabric of the rock (layers and orientation of the fabric results from its formation), as well as the effective depth and nature of three different types of surface treatments. These treatments were (i) organic and inorganic molecules activating bacteria in the stone, (ii) a conventional stone consolidant and (iii) a biomineralizing protective treatment. The new testing method provided valuable information about the nature of all the three treatments. Therefore the horizontal sorption method (HSM) seems to be a highly promising tool for the analysis of porous materials.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
É. Tompa, Ilona Nyirő-Kósa, Ágnes Rostási, T. Cserny, M. Pósfai
{"title":"Distribution and composition of Mg-calcite and dolomite in the water and sediments of Lake Balaton","authors":"É. Tompa, Ilona Nyirő-Kósa, Ágnes Rostási, T. Cserny, M. Pósfai","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Balaton is a large and shallow lake that is of great economic and cultural importance in landlocked Hungary. Even though the lake has been studied extensively in the last century from a large number of scientific aspects, the mineralogy of its sediments has not been fully explored. The mud at the bottom of the lake consists mostly of silt-sized grains of carbonate minerals with compositions between those of calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite CaMg (CO3)2. In order to understand the processes of carbonate precipitation and the influence of water budget fluctuations on the mineralogical character of the sediment, we used X-ray powder diffraction to analyze the changes of cell parameters of carbonate minerals in the upper half meter of the sediment. The major carbonate phase is Mg-calcite that shows a distinct reduction in cell parameters from west to east, reflecting an increase of its Mg-content, in parallel with a gradient of dissolved Mg/Ca ratio in the water. Intriguingly, dolomite, the other widespread c...","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"113-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geochemical fractionation and bioavailability of 241Am, 60Co and 137Cs in Fluvisol soil after sharp temperature variation before the growing season","authors":"P. Kovacheva, B. Todorov, R. Djingova","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the influence of sharp temperature variations on the geochemical fractionation and bioavailability of 241Am, 60Co and 137Cs in Fluvisol soil. The study was performed using soil contaminated with aqueous solutions of 241Am, 60Co and 137Cs in the laboratory and stored for three years at temperatures within the range of 10–18 oC and soil moisture from 20 to 30 wt %. Afterward the soil was divided into three equal parts and conditioned for one month at 10–18 oC, −18 oC and 40 oC temperature regimes, respectively. The impact of the storage conditions on geochemical forms of the radionuclides was investigated using single extraction of exchangeable 137Cs with 1 M NH4NO3 and sequential extraction of 241Am and 60Co, and by gamma-spectrometric measurement. The influence of temperature rise up to 40 oC over a period of one month on the transfer factors (TFs) of the radionuclides from the investigated soil to orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was evaluated. The results showed that deep free...","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839) (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) from European Russia: A new, detailed inventory of sites and referred material","authors":"E. Billia","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a status review of the fossil remains discovered in European Russia and assigned to Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jager, 1839). Similarly to other areas, this taxon appears rare in European Russia, despite its wide distribution. Furthermore, a large part of the S. kirchbergensis material reported in literature is presently untraceable in the Russian museum collections. In fact, from a total of twenty-one sites, the material is physically available from only three of them. In addition, the remains from Podosinik, previously not mentioned in literature, are reported here. The available material has been studied using descriptive morphological characters. This study follows a previous treatment of the related sites and material from Siberian Russia by the same author. Stephanorhinus is considered here as a synonym of Dicerorhinus.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"42 1","pages":"165-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of the Allahyarlu ophiolite in the tectonic evolution of NW Iran and adjacent areas (Late Carboniferous — Recent)","authors":"M. S. Ajirlu, M. Moazzen","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we reconstruct the tectonic evolution of Eastern Turkey, the Lesser Caucasus and NW-N Iran from the Late Carboniferous to Recent. NW Iran is one of the most complicated regions of the country, that with Turkey and the Lesser Caucasus is influenced by movements of the Arabian Plate. The Ahar Block, which is bounded by the Tabriz, Talysh, Araks, Myaneh and Allahyarlu-Hovai Faults, underwent compression and faulting. The block shows counterclockwise rotation through the confining faults and is being compressed by northward pressure from the Arabian Plate. The age and the nature of the Allahyarlu ophiolite, which is located at the northern boundary of the Ahar Block, are not known unequivocally. During the Late Carboniferous the Allahyarlu-Kaleybar-Northern Iran Basin opened, and Neotethys 1 was spreading. During the Permian the Allahyarlu-Kaleybar-Northern Iran Basin changed from a passive to a convergent environment and closed at Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time. In the Early Jurassic Neotethys 1 began to be subducted, causing the opening of the Sevan-Akera back-arc basin. Thereafter the Sevan-Akera Basin and the Neotethys 2 Basin were widening up to the Late Jurassic. The Black Sea-South Caspian Sea-Kopet Dagh Basin opened during the Jurassic. These basins were widening up to the Paleocene, but northward slider replacement of NW Iran caused the separation of the Caspian Sea Basin and the Black Sea Basin and the formation of the Kurdamir Uplift. In the Late Cretaceous the Central Iran basins were closed and the inner-Iran ophiolites were emplaced. Neotethys 1 closed in the Late Cretaceous and Neotethys 2 in the Late Miocene.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"363-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felicitász Velledits, J. Csizmeg, A. Oravecz-Scheffer
{"title":"Re-evaluation of the Triassic sequence in the subsurface of the Little Plain Basin Hungary: A case study from the Győrszemere-2 well","authors":"Felicitász Velledits, J. Csizmeg, A. Oravecz-Scheffer","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Little Plain Basin is one of the largest units in the Pannonian Basin System. Its continuation in Slovakia is called the Danube Basin. The Little Plain Basin is one of the most underexplored areas in Hungary. Based on archival geologic and geophysical data the lithostratigraphic composition of the area is controversial. The significance of the area is increased by the known Neogene and the supposed basement (Paleozoic and Mesozoic) hydrocarbon systems in Hungary and in Slovakia. The purpose of this study is to identify the exact age, facies, geologic formations and possible source rocks of the Triassic section penetrated by the Gyorszemere-2 well in the Little Plain Basin. Based on new facies and paleontological results it can be stated that two Triassic sequences are identified in the well, separated by fault breccia. A carbonate sequence was deposited between the Induan and Early Anisian and above that a homogeneous recrystallized dolomite appears, the age of which is unknown. The following formatio...","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"345-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mineral chemistry of the ophiolitic peridotites and gabbros from the Serow area: Implications for tectonic setting and locating the Neotethys suture in NW Iran","authors":"Leyla Rezaii, M. Moazzen","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Serow ophiolite in NW Iran, located at the Iran-Turkey border, is composed of mantle sequence peridotites, predominantly lherzolitic-harzburgite with subordinate amounts of lherzolite and dunite, and a crustal sequence made from gabbros, diabases, pillow lavas and deep marine carbonates and radiolarite sediments. The rocks appear as a tectonic melange. This ophiolitic complex forms part of the ophiolites marking a branch of Neotethys oceanic crust in NW Iran. The chemistry of olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the lherzolitic-harzburgite and clinopyroxene in the gabbros suggests a supra-subduction setting for the ophiolite. The Serow ophiolite is similar to other ophiolites in NW Iran such as the Piranshahr, Naghadeh and Khoy and NE Turkey ophiolites in terms of the rock units, tectonic setting and age. The Serow ophiolite links the Iranian ophiolites from Baft in the SE through the South Azerbaijan suture to the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture in the NW.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"385-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ammonoid diversification in the Middle Triassic: Examples from the Tethys (Eastern Lombardy, Balaton Highland) and the Pacific (Nevada)","authors":"A. Vörös","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity dynamics of the Anisian ammonoids is analyzed in terms of generic richness and turnover rates in one North American (Nevada) and two western Tethyan (Eastern Lombardy, Balaton Highland) regions. Two pulses of diversification are outlined: one in the middle Anisian (Pelsonian) and another near the end of the late Anisian (late Illyrian). The Pelsonian global diversification is interpreted as an effect of global sea-level rise. In the early late Anisian the ammonoid generic richness definitely decreased both in the western Tethys and in Nevada. The latest Anisian peak of ammonoid diversity was low in Nevada, which is explained by the uniform local sedimentary environment and the absence of major global changes. In the western Tethys the late Illyrian diversity peak was very prominent: ammonoid generic richness, turnover and proportion of originations were very high. This explosive peak is interpreted in terms of major changes of two regional environmental factors: coeval volcanic activity and ...","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"319-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partial dolomitization of foreslope and toe-of-slope facies of a Carnian carbonate platform, Transdanubian Range, Hungary","authors":"J. Haas, Tamás Budai, A. Demény","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Partial and pervasive dolomitization of foreslope and toe-of-slope deposits of an early Carnian carbonate platform was investigated to understand the process and mechanism of dolomitization. Based on petrographic observations and C and O isotope data, the dolomitization took place in a near-surface to shallow burial setting; seawater of slightly elevated salinity was likely the dolomitizing fluid. The circulation system was maintained by reflux of evaporated sea water and geothermal heating of cold seawater derived from the surrounding deeper basin. The dolomitization was mostly controlled by the permeability of the platform-derived calcareous sediments.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Settlement below embankments: factors controlling the depth of the deformation zone","authors":"Zsolt Rémai","doi":"10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/CEUGEOL.57.2014.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of settlement and the calculation of the thickness of the deformation zone are addressed in this paper. A short overview is given concerning the thickness of the deformation zone values used in general practice; the available soil models are also briefly introduced. A particular problem is used to compare the results of obtained depth of the influence zone calculated by available formulae and estimated by finite element analyses with different soil models, such as the “hardening soil”, the “Cam-Clay” and the “hardening soil with small strain” models. The deformation zone of a soft clay layer beneath a 10 m-high and 80 m-wide embankment is evaluated, and the results are compared. Special attention is given to the soil models and their capabilities and drawbacks for calculation of deformations due to large embankments.","PeriodicalId":39930,"journal":{"name":"Central European Geology","volume":"57 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67097127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}