Philosophy of Science eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Flawed Social Experiments","authors":"D. Greenberg, B. Barnow","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2274328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2274328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes, somewhat overlapping, types of flaws that have occurred in social experiments. Each flaw is illustrated with examples from previous experiments. Some of these problems result in minor hurdles, while others cause experiments to fail — that is, the experiment is unable to provide a valid test of the hypothesis of interest. An accompanying summary table lists the flaws, indicates the circumstances under which they occur, their potential seriousness, and approaches for minimizing them. The most important of the flaws are response bias resulting from attrition; a failure to adequately implement the treatment as designed; and too small a sample to detect impacts. The third of these flaws can result from insufficient marketing, too small an initial target group, disinterest on the part of the target group in participating (if the treatment is voluntary), or attrition. To a considerable degree the flaws discussed in this article can be minimized. For instance, implementation failures and too small a sample can usually be avoided with sufficient effort and planning and response bias can often be mitigated — for example, through increased follow-up efforts in conducting surveys.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129923093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Fact between New Science and Scienza Nuova: Giambattista Vico's Factum and John Toland's Matter of Fact","authors":"P. Sokolov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2258473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2258473","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the syncretic construction of fact which took shape in Early Modern Times at an intersection of biblical exegesis, political science, esthetics, historiography and natural sciences epistemology. The study attempts a comparative analysis of Giambattista Vico’s ‘new science’ and John Toland’s ‘travesty philosophy’, outlining shared reference points and structural similarities in their political epistemology: procedure of the authorization of facts, modal implications of the fact, economy of political dissimulation.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133380014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Organizational Learning Disabilities, Service Climate and Individual's Organizational Identification: Empirical Evidence from Public Sector Banks in India","authors":"G. Prasad, L. Prasad, Shainesh G.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2286541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2286541","url":null,"abstract":"A conceptual framework was developed in which we proposed: The Stronger the Organizational Learning Disabilities weaker the Service Climate; Stronger the Service Climate stronger the Individual’s Organizational Identification; Stronger the Organizational Learning Disabilities AND weaker the Service Climate weaker the Individual's Organizational Identification. A survey was conducted amongst promoted officers and clerks belonging to six of India’s Public Sector (State-owned) Banks in Bangalore, Pune and Nasik. Results show that Organizational Learning Disabilities has strong significant relationship with Service Climate. Service Climate has significant relationship with Disidentification. Organizational Learning Disabilities and Service Climate together have significant relationship with Disidentification and to a lesser degree with Ambivalent Identification. Group wise analysis of employees demonstrates noticeable differences between perceptions of clerks and promoted officers. Differences are strong on Simple Mindedness, Paralysis and Superstitious Learning. Whereas Simple Mindedness is not significant predictor of Service Climate for promoted officers, it is strong significant predictor for clerks. Diffusion Deficiency impacts Customer Orientation and Customer Feedback for promoted officers, it does not impact Customer Feedback for clerks. The managerial implications from our research include urgency for revision of outdated human resources development policies, including performance appraisal and training; to motivate people and harness their potential to realise organizational goals; orienting entire activity of all employees towards the customer; empowering officers to take decisions without fear; and, enhancing participation of clerks in decision making to bridge the gap in perception.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Devil's Workshop? A Look at the Impact of Idle Time on Newcomers’ Perceptions","authors":"Srinivasan Tatachari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2230250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2230250","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of a successful job is for an employee to be engaged in performing meaningful tasks. It may not be desirable for the employee to be engaged in tasks which are not valued or to be without any tasks. The impact of “idle time�?, a period where there is no meaningful task assigned to the employee, is relatively under-researched in spite of its significance. The current study uses longitudinal data from a total of 304 newcomers in an Indian information technology services organization during their early socialization. The data shows a marked decrease in the employees’ psychological contract fulfilment and in organizational identification, as well as a decrease in perceived organizational prestige, during the period of the study. Further, the study shows that the decrease in psychological contract fulfilment was highly significant in the employees who were idle. These findings highlight the criticality of idle time on newcomers’ initial attitudes.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132265484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is Work? Insights from Non-Intuitive Cases","authors":"David Bartram","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2205051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2205051","url":null,"abstract":"Contributors to the sociology of work seldom say what work is, perhaps relying on a taken-for-granted understanding. That understanding is (usually) no longer limited to paid employment, as social scientists know that such a definition overlooks or devalues the work done mainly by women in the home; it also fails to capture informal sector and voluntary work. But a critique of older/narrower definitions (rooted in an appreciation for the need to capture a wider range of forms) has not yet been convincingly accompanied by a more comprehensive ‘positive’ definition. This paper argues for a definition rooted in the *value* created by work; if an activity creates value, then it merits designation as ‘work’. That approach to definition by no means answers all the questions we might raise about work; instead, its utility consists in the way it forces us to confront those questions (when normally they are elided, especially in public discourse, by a ‘market fundamentalism’). In particular, it compels us to ask: what do we value, and how is value to be recognized/rewarded beyond market exchange? The discussion builds on analysis of two groups whose activities have at best a tenuous connection to conventional notions of work: Israeli ultra-Orthodox Jewish men (engaged mainly in full-time Torah study, not paid employment) and French farmers, whose incomes derive more from public subsidy than from success in markets. The elements of their situations that seem distinctive are found in fact to be quite pervasive, even for activities that are ‘obviously’ work.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124940050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not the Opium of the People: Income and Secularization in a Panel of Prussian Counties","authors":"Sascha O. Becker, Ludger Woessmann","doi":"10.1257/AER.103.3.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.103.3.539","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing income. The cross-section also shows a negative association between income and church attendance. But the association disappears in panel analyses, including first-differenced models of the 1886-1911 change, panel models with county and time fixed effects, and panel Granger-causality tests. The results cast doubt on causal interpretations of the religion-economy nexus in Prussian secularization.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124303114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Henry Hazlitt as an Intellectual Middleman of ‘Orthodox Economics’","authors":"Peter J. Boettke, Liya Palagashvili","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2175091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2175091","url":null,"abstract":"Henry Hazlitt was a public intellectual who had unusual strength in both economic reasoning and articulation and played a central role in communicating the ideas of classical or ‘orthodox’ economics to the general public. He occupied a unique position in the mid-20th century intellectual life in the US as a prominent figure in the world of journalism –both as a literary critic and economist – and his influence extended to the discipline of economics where his work commanded the attention of professional economists. In his editorial writings in The Nation, New York Times, and Newsweek as well as his best-selling book, Economics in One Lesson, in public speeches, and numerous appearances on TV and radio, Hazlitt offered economic commentary to the current issues of his day and was fundamental in popularizing the ideas of free market economists during the period from the 1930s through the 1960s.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133457949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death and Offspring: Murder Effects on Fertility","authors":"Andrés Ramírez Hassan, Mateo Castro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2193824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2193824","url":null,"abstract":"Economic tradition establishes that human beings' reproductive behaviour is based on rational actions. This theory is completely plausible; however, there is another part to this story, whatever else we may be, we are animals, and this biological heritage instinctively affects our reproductive strategy. Human beings want to extend their genes through time. We test this hypothesis using panel data models for 52 countries from 1995 to 2009, controlling for cultural, social and economic variables, and find a positive and statistically significant effect of the threat of violent death on the fertility rate. Countries characterised by a high murder rate have a high fertility rate. Apparently, there is an instinctive pattern to be found in our reproductive strategy; we are not as rational as we suppose.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annals of the 'Constantin Brâncuşi' University of Targu Jiu - Letters and Social Sciences Series","authors":"D. Bodislav, A. Todoruț, V. Tselentis, A. Bălăcescu, M. Zaharia, Daniel Belingher, A. Cantemir, A. Belu, Andreea Diana Papa, E. Ilinca, M. Radulescu, Pociovalisteanu Mihaela Diana, C. T. Dumitrescu, A. Holt, G. Niculescu, Ramona Peptan-Negreanu, O. Marcoci, Elena Palita, C. Răbonţu, V. Troacă, Gabriela Hasegan Mares","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2578931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2578931","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: In this issue are included scientific articles who debate problems from social science fields: entrepreneurship education, neoliberal economic policy, alternative energy, political relations between Transilvania and Polish-Lithuanian, Criminal Law, election in European Parliament, Romanian education, Voluntary servitude, Ion Creanga, Romanian revolution. \"Constantin Brancusi\" University Annals from Targu Jiu, Letters and Social Sciences Series is published by \"Academica Brâncusi\" Press of \"Constantin Brancusi\" University from Targu-Jiu, a state university, institutionally certified. The journal includes articles from the historical, social, philosophical field, with the following objectives: encouraging research in education, enlarging the horizon of knowledge in the field of letters and social sciences. The journals aims to: answer through its activity of the birth of a coherent and efficient network of broadcasting information in the field of letters and social sciences; identify the scientific and research potential of the University in the field of letters and social sciences; draw prestigious collaborators from the country or from abroad that could make a contribution to the development of scientific research; encourage research in education; assert national and international identity, scientific research developed by the professors of the Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences, at \"Constantin Brancusi\" University from Târgu-Jiu. Romanian Abstract: In acest numar sunt incluse articole stiintifice care dezbat probleme din domeniul stiintelor sociale: educatie antreprenoriala, politica economica neoloberala, energia alternativa, relatiile politice dintre Transilvania si Polono-Lituaniana, Codul Penal, alegerile din Parlamentul European, Educatiai romaneasca, servitute voluntara, Ion Creanga, Revoltuia romana.Revista \"Analele Universităţii \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu, Seria Ştiinţe Litere si Ştiinţe Sociale\" este publicată de către Editura \"Academica Brâncusi\" a Universităţii \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu, universitate de stat, acreditată instituţional. Revista găzduieste articole din domeniul istoric, social, filosofic, având drept obiective: incurajarea cercetării in invăţământ, lărgirea orizontului cunoasterii in domeniile litere si stiinţe sociale. Revista isi propune: -- să răspundă prin activitatea sa de nasterea unei reţele coerente si eficiente de transmitere a informaţiei in domeniul litere si stiinţe sociale. -- identificarea potenţialului stiinţific si de cercetare din Universitate, in domeniul litere si stiinţe sociale; -- atragerea de colaboratori de prestigiu din ţară si din străinătate care pot contribui la dezvoltarea cercetării stiinţifice; -- incurajarea cercetării in invăţământ; -- afirmarea identităţii naţionale si internaţionale, a cercetării stiinţifice efectuate de cadrele didactice din cadrul Facultăţii de Litere si Ştiinţe Sociale, Universitatea \"Constantin Brâncusi\" din Târgu-Jiu.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131914610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning from Capitalism to Tachytelism in the Anthropocene: A Framework","authors":"John Stanton","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2103328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2103328","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptions of post-Capitalist systems of governance, economy and human geography are undermined without the counsel of evolutionary cognitive neuroscience, biology and psychology. Constructs such as capitalism and culture are creations of the individual and collective human brain and its emergent concept of mind. Those constructs are the product of genetic and cultural evolution. Advances in evolutionary studies are refining definitions of Homo Sapiens. Post-Capitalist and social analysis must now build foundations with knowledge drawn from findings flooding out of the evolutionary studies arena. Leading scholars in the humanities and evolutionary studies disciplines have found common ground and seek to merge elements of each field into formulas for contemplative and critical paradigms, particularly in education. The timing for this is propitious. Humans recklessly manage the Earth in an act-before-thinking manner. Capitalism encourages this and at informational speeds that befuddle the human mind rendering it reflexive and without empty space for contemplative, critical thought. Proper alternatives must be found and action taken. This paper proposes a centralizing framework for an alternative based on evolutionary studies and the humanities. Tachytelism is combinatory system for critical thinking, global eco-system management, governance, Earth-based spirituality and leadership. This paper provides 12 elements of the frame.","PeriodicalId":399171,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129276557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}