J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-09-12DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ009
R. Ciuni, T. M. Ferguson, D. Szmuc
{"title":"Logics based on linear orders of contaminating values","authors":"R. Ciuni, T. M. Ferguson, D. Szmuc","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ009","url":null,"abstract":"A wide family of many-valued logics—for instance, those based on the weak Kleene algebra—includes a non-classical truth-value that is ‘contaminating’ in the sense that whenever the value is assigned to a formula $varphi $, any complex formula in which $varphi $ appears is assigned that value as well. In such systems, the contaminating value enjoys a wide range of interpretations, suggesting scenarios in which more than one of these interpretations are called for. This calls for an evaluation of systems with multiple contaminating values. In this paper, we consider the countably infinite family of multiple-conclusion consequence relations in which classical logic is enriched with one or more contaminating values whose behaviour is determined by a linear ordering between them. We consider some motivations and applications for such systems and provide general characterizations for all consequence relations in this family. Finally, we provide sequent calculi for a pair of four-valued logics including two linearly ordered contaminating values before defining two-sided sequent calculi corresponding to each of the infinite family of many-valued logics studied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115615968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-09-12DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ002
David B. Martens
{"title":"Substituting strict equivalents","authors":"David B. Martens","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 I discuss certain principles for substituting strictly equivalent propositions and provide alternative axiomatizations of some standard modal systems and proofs of containment relations among some systems that have the principles, including partial proof of Steffen Lewitzka’s ‘conjecture’ that ‘S1+$Box $SP is strictly contained between S1+SP and S3’ (2016, J. Logic Comput., 26, 1780).","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128335492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ013
Giulio Manzonetto, A. Polonsky, A. Saurin, J. Simonsen
{"title":"The fixed point property and a technique to harness double fixed point combinators","authors":"Giulio Manzonetto, A. Polonsky, A. Saurin, J. Simonsen","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ${lambda }$-calculus enjoys the property that each ${lambda }$-term has at least one fixed point, which is due to the existence of a fixed point combinator. It is unknown whether it enjoys the ‘fixed point property’ stating that each ${lambda }$-term has either one or infinitely many pairwise distinct fixed points. We show that the fixed point property holds when considering possibly open fixed points. The problem of counting fixed points in the closed setting remains open, but we provide sufficient conditions for a ${lambda }$-term to have either one or infinitely many fixed points. In the main result of this paper we prove that in every sensible ${lambda }$-theory there exists a ${lambda }$-term that violates the fixed point property.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We then study the open problem concerning the existence of a double fixed point combinator and propose a proof technique that could lead towards a negative solution. We consider interpretations of the ${lambda } {mathtt{Y}}$-calculus into the ${lambda }$-calculus together with two reduction extension properties, whose validity would entail the non-existence of any double fixed point combinators. We conjecture that both properties hold when typed ${lambda } {mathtt{Y}}$-terms are interpreted by arbitrary fixed point combinators. We prove reduction extension property I for a large class of fixed point combinators.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Finally, we prove that the ${lambda }{mathtt{Y}}$-theory generated by the equation characterizing double fixed point combinators is a conservative extension of the ${lambda }$-calculus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ011
L. Cohen, R. Rowe, Yoni Zohar
{"title":"Towards automated reasoning in Herbrand structures","authors":"L. Cohen, R. Rowe, Yoni Zohar","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Herbrand structures have the advantage, computationally speaking, of being guided by the definability of all elements in them. A salient feature of the logics induced by them is that they internally exhibit the induction scheme, thus providing a congenial, computationally oriented framework for formal inductive reasoning. Nonetheless, their enhanced expressivity renders any effective proof system for them incomplete. Furthermore, the fact that they are not compact poses yet another proof-theoretic challenge. This paper offers several layers for coping with the inherent incompleteness and non-compactness of these logics. First, two types of infinitary proof system are introduced—one of infinite width and one of infinite height—which manipulate infinite sequents and are sound and complete for the intended semantics. The restriction of these systems to finite sequents induces a completeness result for finite entailments. Then, in search of effectiveness, two finite approximations of these systems are presented and explored. Interestingly, the approximation of the infinite-width system via an explicit induction scheme turns out to be weaker than the effective cyclic fragment of the infinite-height system.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114112302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-05-30DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ010
S. Drobyshevich
{"title":"A bilateral Hilbert-style investigation of 2-intuitionistic logic","authors":"S. Drobyshevich","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We develop a bilateral Hilbert-style calculus for 2-intuitionistic logic of Heinrich Wansing. This calculus is defined over signed formulas of two types: formulas signed with plus correspond to assertions, while formulas signed with minus correspond to rejections. In this way, the provided system is a Hilbert-style calculus, which does take rejection seriously by considering it a primitive notion on par with assertion. We show that this presentation is not trivial and provide two equivalent axiomatizations obtained by extending intuitionistic and dual intuitionistic logics, respectively. Finally, we show that 2-intuitionistic logic is in some sense definitionally equivalent to a variant of Nelson’s logic with constructible falsity.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124678920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ016
Johanna N. Y. Franklin, Daniel Turetsky
{"title":"Taking the path computably traveled","authors":"Johanna N. Y. Franklin, Daniel Turetsky","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We define a real $A$ to be low for paths in Baire space (or Cantor space) if every $varPi ^0_1$ class with an $A$-computable element has a computable element. We prove that lowness for paths in Baire space and lowness for paths in Cantor space are equivalent and, furthermore, that these notions are also equivalent to lowness for isomorphism.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134340790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-04-17DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV057
S. Hansson
{"title":"In defence of deontic diversity","authors":"S. Hansson","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV057","url":null,"abstract":"The normative terms of natural language have a variety of usages, and their logical properties differ between these usages. Some of the differences are difficult to discern in natural language, but ...","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125532336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-04-17DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV050
Christian Straßer, O. Arieli
{"title":"Normative reasoning by sequent-based argumentation","authors":"Christian Straßer, O. Arieli","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXV050","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an argumentative approach to normative reasoning. Special attention is paid to deontic conflicts, contrary-toduty and specificity cases, which are modeled by means of argumentative attacks. For this, we adopt a recently proposed framework for logical argumentation in which arguments are generated by a sequent calculus of a given base logic (see the papers of the second author in CLIMA’2013 and of the two authors in Volume 6 (No. 1) of Argument & Computation), and use standard deontic logic as our base logic. Argumentative attacks are realized by elimination rules that allow to discharge specific sequents. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by means of various wellknown benchmark examples, and show that this approach is rich enough to capture a variety of paradigms for handling conflicting norms, such as reasoning with maximally consistent sets, prioritized norms, and deontic formalisms based on I/O logic.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127926004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Log. Comput.Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ007
Bojan Marinkovic, Paola Glavan, Z. Ognjanovic, T. Studer
{"title":"A temporal epistemic logic with a non-rigid set of agents for analyzing the blockchain protocol","authors":"Bojan Marinkovic, Paola Glavan, Z. Ognjanovic, T. Studer","doi":"10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LOGCOM/EXZ007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper we provide a strongly complete axiomatization of a temporal epistemic logic in which non-rigid sets of agents are allowed. Using this framework, we prove a number of properties of the blockchain protocol with respect to the given set of axioms and premises.","PeriodicalId":398763,"journal":{"name":"J. Log. Comput.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125411688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}