Ethics and Medicine最新文献

Assisted procreation: too little consideration for the babies? 辅助生殖:对婴儿考虑太少?

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Carlo Bellieni, Giuseppe Buonocore

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Exploring ethical justification for self-demand amputation. 探索自我需求截肢的伦理正当性。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Floris Tomasini

{"title":"Exploring ethical justification for self-demand amputation.","authors":"Floris Tomasini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Self-demand amputees are persons who need to have one or more healthy limbs or digits amputated to fit the way they see themselves. They want to rid themselves of a limb that they believe does not belong to their body-identity. The obsessive desire to have appendages surgically removed to fit an alternative body-image is medically and ethically controversial. My purpose in this paper is to provide a number of normative and professional ethical perspectives on whether or not it is possible to justify surgery for self-demand amputees. In doing so I proceed dialogically, moving between empirical context and normative theory, revealing the taken for granted normative assumptions (what I call the natural attitude--a technical term borrowed from phenomenology) that provide ethical limits to justifying the treatment of self-demand amputees. While I critically examine both Kantian responses against as well as Utilitarian responses for amputation on demand, I conclude that neither normative tradition can fully incorporate an understanding of what it is like to be a self-demand amputee. Since neither theory can justify the apparent non-rational desire of amputation on demand, ethical justification, I argue, falls short of the recognition that there may be a problem. To end, I introduce a meta-ethical idea, \"the struggle for recognition,\" opening up the theoretical possibility of a hermeneutics of recognition before ethical justification that may be more sensitive to the problem of radical embodied difference exemplified by self-demand amputees.","PeriodicalId":39873,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26373637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Supporting organ transplantation in non-resident aliens within limits. 在一定范围内支持非居民外国人器官移植。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Katrina A Bramstedt

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Neuroscience, nuance, and neuroethics. 神经科学，细微差别和神经伦理学。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

William P Cheshire

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Direct-to-consumer online genetic testing and the four principles: an analysis of the ethical issues. 直接面向消费者的在线基因检测的四项原则:伦理问题分析。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Katherine Wasson, E David Cook, Kathy Helzlsouer

{"title":"Direct-to-consumer online genetic testing and the four principles: an analysis of the ethical issues.","authors":"Katherine Wasson, E David Cook, Kathy Helzlsouer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The development of genetic tests marketed and sold direct-to-consumers (DTC) via the internet raises moral concerns and debate about their appropriateness and ethical and clinical significance. These tests are offered for a wide range of diseases and conditions, and the mutations have variable penetrance and associated risk. A number of these tests lack data on their accuracy and reliability, making interpretation of results difficult. DTC genetic testing is undertaken outside the context of the physician-patient relationship and may lack appropriate individual and family genetic counseling, leaving the consumer vulnerable to potential harms, such as misinterpretation of results, including false positive or false reassurance, with limited or no benefits. Beauchamp and Childress's four principles of biomedical ethics provide a framework for analyzing the ethical issues raised by DTC genetic testing. We argue that the potential harms outweigh the potential benefits of such tests, that respect for autonomy should be limited in light of potential harm from DTC testing, and that the availability of genetic testing over the internet may be considered unfair and unjust and affect resource allocation by placing an unfair burden on primary care physicians. In light of the moral issues posed by these tests, practical responses are suggested in the areas of consumer education, medical education, and interaction with commercial companies.","PeriodicalId":39873,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26431644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Clinical ethics case consultation. 临床伦理个案咨询。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Ferdinand D Yates

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Can artificial techniques supply morally neutral human embryos for research? 人工技术能否为研究提供道德中立的人类胚胎?

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01

William P Cheshire, Nancy L Jones

{"title":"Can artificial techniques supply morally neutral human embryos for research?","authors":"William P Cheshire, Nancy L Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst controversy surrounding research on human embryos, biotechnology has conceived a substitute in the artificial human embryo. We examine the claim that novel embryos constructed artificially should be exempt from ethical restraints appropriate for research on embryos that come into being through natural processes. Morally relevant differences in intrinsic value depend on the sense in which the entity may be artificial, whether in regard to constituent matter, genetic or cellular form, generative means, or intended purpose. Considering each of these Aristotelian categories from a physicalist viewpoint, technology can achieve only limited degrees of artificiality because redesigned embryos still retain most of their natural features and relationships. From an essentialist viewpoint, the very limits of technology preclude the capability of manipulating the fundamental nature or essence of the individual who, even at the embryonic stage of life, cannot be made to be artificial through and through. A human may possess artificially contributed attributes but cannot be an artificial being. Classification of novel human organisms as artificial, therefore, is insufficient grounds by which to relinquish the principle that human moral status should be recognized for all living beings of human origin. In uncertain cases, at least the possibility of special human moral status should be considered present in organisms that are derived asexually, are developmentally defective, or are otherwise technologically altered.","PeriodicalId":39873,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Medicine","volume":"21 2","pages":"73-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25669709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Death of John Paul II and the basic human care for the sick and the dying. 约翰·保罗二世之死以及对病人和临终者的基本人道关怀。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Juan R Velez G

{"title":"Death of John Paul II and the basic human care for the sick and the dying.","authors":"Juan R Velez G","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The death of Terri Schiavo by starvation and its sanction by some United States Courts indicates the alarming revival of the eugenics and euthanasia movement. From the legal sanction of physician-assisted suicide, the euthanasia movement now tries to advance the legal protection for \"mercy killing.\" Terri was diagnosed with persistent vegetative state, a term that is outdated, vague and imprecise and that likens a human being to a vegetable. Medical literature indicates that patient with so-called \"persistent vegetative state\" can recover, and that they do experience pain. The euthanasia movement, linked to eugenics in its origin and present day influence in bioethics espouses the Nazi notion of \"lives not worth living,\" unlimited patient autonomy, and philosophical utilitarianism. John Paul II countered the eugenic philosophy with the classical Western concept of man as the image and likeness of God, responsible for the care of himself and society as a whole. He taught in writing and by example that food and water are basic human care that every person should receive. In the last days of his life he showed a judicious use of proportionate or ordinary means to maintain life. He chose to forego disproportionate medical treatment when there was no reasonable hope of recovery. At that point he continued to receive ordinary medical care, together with basic human and spiritual care.","PeriodicalId":39873,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"167-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25853122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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When does human life begin? 人类的生命是什么时候开始的?

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Patrick Yeung

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The wisdom of Costa Rica. 哥斯达黎加的智慧。

Ethics and Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01

C Ben Mitchell

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