中华肿瘤杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents (2026 edition)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251015-00516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251015-00516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common malignant tumor in children, accounting for approximately 7% of all childhood malignancies, with a higher incidence rate among adolescents. After standardized treatment, the overall survival rate exceeds 80%. Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (mB-NHL), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) account for 90% of pediatric and adolescent NHL cases. The Lymphoma Group of the Oncology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has organized multidisciplinary experts from pediatric oncology, pediatrics, internal medicine, pathology, and radiology. Based on domestic and international evidence-based evidence and extensive clinical experience, this consensus has been developed focusing on NHL common in children and adolescents (including LBL, mB-NHL, and ALCL), covering clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, pathological diagnosis, clinical staging, and treatment. It aims to provide evidence-based guidance for standardized clinical practice and further improve patient survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 ","pages":"715-734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chinese expert consensus on NGS-based probe design for tumor comprehensive genomic profiling testing (2026 edition)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250722-00356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250722-00356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a mainstream approach for clinical diagnosis and treatment with the development of precision oncology. However, as the first stage of NGS testing, probe design has not yet been standardized by a reliable assessment framework. In response to this unmet need, the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, in collaboration with the Tumor Pathology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, and other authoritative institutions, convened clinical experts, pathologists, and representatives from third-party medical laboratories for in-depth discussions on standardization strategies. The expert panel formulated six core technical consensus statements, including the selection of target genes and regions, gene combination strategies, probe performance evaluation, and probe updates, based on a thorough analysis of both international studies and domestic clinical experience. For the design of the probe pool, this consensus methodically suggests a full-process technical specification. It fills a technical gap in tumor NGS probe design by standardizing probe design, establishing a multi-level performance validation system, and dynamically managing probe modifications. Furthermore, it supports the shift of genomic testing from \"clinically available\" to \"clinically reliable\" by offering a scientific basis for the National Medical Products Administration's (NMPA) regulatory review of laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) for oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable locally advanced colorectal cancer].","authors":"Z K Luo, Y Sun, R S Xiang, Q Zhang, S B Lu, D Y Kong, W Pei, L Feng, Y L Zhu, L Yang, H Z Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250323-00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250323-00117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of resectable locally advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC) after neoadjuvant immunotherapy (IT). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological data of 32 patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy followed by radical surgery at the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2019 to February 2024. Fisher's exact test was used for univariate analysis, and Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. <b>Results:</b> Of the 32 patients, 23 were male and 9 were female; the median age was 55 years old. Seven patients with microsatellite instable-high (MSI-H) and 1 patient with microsatellite stable (MSS) received neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Eight patients received neoadjuvant immunotherapy, 16 patients (10 MSI-H and 6 MSS) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with IT, and 8 patients (1 MSI-H and 7 MSS) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with IT. Postoperative pathological results showed that 25 patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) (78.1%), while 7 patients did not achieve pCR (21.9%). The pCR rates were 94.4% (17/18) in MSI-H patients and 57.1% (8/14) in MSS patients, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i>=0.001). Postoperative complications occurred in 8 patients (25.0%), and there were no secondary operations or perioperative deaths. Multivariate analysis results showed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level ≥5 ng/ml(<i>OR</i>=0.035,95% <i>CI</i>:0.003～0.260, <i>P</i>=0.003), MSI-H and MSS POLE positive（<i>OR</i>=19.000，95% <i>CI</i>：2.573～399.227，<i>P</i>=0.012）were related to pCR. <b>Conclusions:</b> Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is safe and effective for resectable LACRC. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy alone for resectable MSI-H colorectal cancer (CRC) can achieve satisfactory results, and neoadjuvant immunotherapy in combination with various forms of conventional therapy for patients with resectable MSS CRC could also achieve better short-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"562-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fatty acids regulate macrophage polarization to inhibit the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells induced by intermittent hypoxia].","authors":"C X Li, Q Zheng, S Fang, J Q Xu, C C He, H R Guo","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250326-00129","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250326-00129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the effects of lipid metabolism on the polarization of macrophages and proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells under intermittent hypoxia. <b>Methods:</b> THP-1 cells were treated with 100 ng/mL phorbol ester (PMA) for 48 h to induce differentiation into M0 macrophages, and 20 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-4 for 24 h to induce polarization of macrophages under room air (RA) or chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) environment. The mRNA levels of CD86, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CD206 and IL-10 in macrophages were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after the intervention of palmitic acid (PA) and arachidonic acid (AA). A549 cells were co-cultured with supernatant and divided into six groups: RA control, RA-PA, RA-AA, CIH control, CIH-PA and CIH-AA. The proliferation rate of A549 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. Cell migration ability was detected by scratch test and Transwell. The protein expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was detected by western blot. The expression levels of PA, AA, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <b>Results:</b> After treating A549 cells with supernatants from macrophages under RA and CIH conditions, the results showed that compared with the RA control group [(0.59±0.02)%], the cell proliferation activity in the CIH control group [(0.85±0.01)%, <i>P</i>＜0.001] increased. Compared with the RA control group, the CIH control group exhibited enhanced cell migration and invasion abilities [RA control group: migration rate (48.55±0.19)%, number of invasive cells (47.33±1.53); CIH control group: (61.94±0.39)%, (77.33±2.08); <i>P</i>＜0.001]. Additionally, the protein levels of MMP2, MMP9 and IL-10 increased (all <i>P</i>＜0.05), while the contents of PA, AA, and TNF-α decreased (all <i>P</i>＜0.05). Compared with the CIH control group [(0.85±0.01)%], the CIH-PA group [(0.70±0.01)%] and the CIH-AA group [(0.66±0.01)%] showed reduced cell proliferation ability (<i>P</i>＜0.001). Their migration and invasion abilities also decreased [CIH control group: migration rate (61.94±0.39)%, number of invasive cells (77.33±2.08); CIH-PA group: (55.11±0.10)%, (57.00±1.00); CIH-AA group: (55.95±0.17)%, (55.67±1.53), <i>P</i>＜0.001]. Furthermore, the levels of MMP2, MMP9 proteins, and IL-10 decreased (all <i>P</i>＜0.05), while the contents of PA, AA, and TNF-α increased (all <i>P</i>＜0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> PA and AA reduce the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of lung cancer cells induced by CIH by inhibiting the M2-type polarization of macrophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"47 ","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis and prediction of liver cancer mortality trends in Qidong City of China, 1972-2024].","authors":"Y S Chen, J Zhu, Y H Zhang, J Wang, L L Ding, Y Y Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250808-00391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250808-00391","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To analyze the mortality trends of liver cancer in the general population of Qidong City, Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2024, and to predict the mortality burden from 2025 to 2034, providing a basis for liver cancer prevention and control strategies. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Liver cancer mortality data (1972-2024) were extracted from the Qidong Cancer Registry database. Using corresponding population data, we calculated: crude mortality rate (CR), Chinese age-standardized rate (ASRC, standardized using the 1964 Chinese population), world age-standardized rate (ASRW, standardized using Segi's world population), and median age at death. Joinpoint regression (Joinpoint 4.9.1.0) was employed to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality, The ARIMA model in SAS 9.2 was applied to predict mortality trends over the next decade. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 34 773 liver cancer deaths were recorded in Qidong from 1972 to 2024. Compared with 1972-1976, the proportion of liver cancer deaths among all cancer deaths in 2022-2024 decreased from 40.02% to 12.83%. The CR, ASRC, and ASRW declined from 49.33/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, 45.62/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, and 57.23/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; in 1972-1976 to 44.09/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, 8.54/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, and 13.91/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; in 2022-2024, respectively. The male-to-female ratio of ASRW was 3.33:1 from 1972 to 2024. For 2022-2024, the ASRW was 21.16/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; for males and 7.22/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; for females. Age-specific mortality rates showed declining trends in all age groups under 65 years from 1972 to 2024, with greater declines in younger age groups (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;＜0.05). In contrast, the mortality rate in the 75+ years age group showed an increasing trend (AAPC=2.15%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.001). The median age at death from liver cancer in Qidong rose from 49 years in 1972 to 72 years in 2024, and the peak mortality age group shifted gradually from 45-54 years to 75+ years across periods. The time trend analysis revealed that from 1972 to 2024, the AAPCs for ASRW were -2.11%, -2.23%, and -1.89% (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;＜0.001) for both sexes combined, males, and females, respectively, all showing statistically significant downward trends. The CR showed a slow but significant increasing trend for females (AAPC=0.88%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;＜0.001), while the trends for both sexes combined and males were not statistically significant (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;＞0.05). Segmented fitting results showed the most pronounced decline occurred from 2008 to 2024, with an APC of -3.76% for CR and -7.15% for ASRW (both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;＜0.001). The overall CR is projected to decline to 40.30/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; in 2034, and the ASRW is projected to decline to 4.40/10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The comprehensive prevention and control efforts implemented over 53 years in the high-incidence area of Qidong have influenced the overall standardized mortality rate and the liver cancer mortality rate among those under 65 years of age, with the most s","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of low density lipoprotein cholesterol on the risk of gastrointestinal cancer].","authors":"S F Luo, X M Ma, J T Yang, J G Jia, C B Li, L Y Cao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20231024-00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20231024-00228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the impact of different low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels on the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective cohort study was used to observe 126 050 in service and retired employees of Kailuan Group who participated in the physical examination for the first time in 2006 or 2008. A total of 122 734 people were finally included in the statistical analysis. The subjects were divided into five groups according to the baseline quintile of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, namely Q1 group, Q2 group, Q3 group, Q4 group and Q5 group. The impact of different LDL-C groups on the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model. <b>Results:</b> During follow-up of (12.83±2.43) years, 1 460 cases of gastrointestinal tumors occurred, including 225 cases of esophageal cancer, 431 cases of gastric cancer and 804 cases of colorectal cancer. Cox proportional hazard model analysis found that after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, physical exercise, excessive salt intake, family history of cancer and taking lipid-lowering drugs, compared with Q5 group, the hazard ratio (<i>HR</i>) values of gastrointestinal tumors in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups were 1.28 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.08, 1.50), 1.07 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.90, 1.26), 1.31 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.11, 1.54) and 1.12 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.94, 1.33), respectively. The <i>HR</i> values of esophageal cancer were 1.21 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.80, 1.82), 0.82 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.52, 1.30), 1.47 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.00, 2.17) and 0.84 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.54, 1.31), respectively. The <i>HR</i> values of gastric cancer were 1.05 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.78, 1.41), 0.84 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.61, 1.16), 1.21 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.91, 1.63) and 1.04 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.77, 1.41), respectively. The <i>HR</i> values of colorectal cancer were 1.44 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.15, 1.80), 1.28 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.02, 1.62), 1.31 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.04, 1.65) and 1.26 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.00, 1.59), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The decrease of baseline LDL-C level may be a risk factor for gastrointestinal malignant tumors, but low LDL-C increases the risk of malignant tumors in a location dependent manner. Although low LDL-C level increases the risk of colorectal cancer, it has no significant correlation with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"553-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cancer incidence of children and adolescents in China, 2022].","authors":"S Y Lei, R S Zheng, W Q Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251230-00644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20251230-00644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the incidence of malignant tumors in children and adolescents (aged 0-19 years) in China in 2022. <b>Methods:</b> Data were sourced from GLOBOCAN 2022 and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume Ⅻ. Incidence data by sex and age group for childhood and adolescent cancers from Chinese registries in CI5 Volume XII were extracted to calculate the proportion of each subtype. These proportions were then applied to the overall cancer incidence in children and adolescents in China from GLOBOCAN 2022 to estimate the number of incident cases for different tumor types. World standardized incidence rates (WSR) were calculated using Segi's world standard population. <b>Results:</b> In 2022, there were 32 792 new cases of malignant tumors in children and adolescents (aged 0-19 years) in China, with a WSR of 105.93 per million. Among them, 23 121 new cases occurred in children aged 0-14 years, accounting for 70.51% of all cases in children and adolescents, with a WSR of 100.30 per million. The most common diagnostic types of malignant tumors in Chinese children and adolescents in 2022 were leukemia (11 983 cases, 36.54%), followed by central nervous system tumors (4 485 cases, 13.68%) and lymphoma (2 764 cases, 8.43%), with WSR of 39.78 per million, 14.15 per million and 8.35 per million, respectively. Among different age groups, the highest WSR was observed in the 15-19 years (125.28 per million), followed by the 0-4 years (120.67 per million). Except for the 15-19 years group, the age-specific incidence rate was higher in males than in females. The top three cancer types by incidence in both sexes in 0-14 years group were consistent with those in the 0-19 years group, namely leukemia, central nervous system tumors, and lymphoma. In the 15-19 years group, the top three cancers in males were leukemia, bone tumors, and lymphoma, while in females they were malignant melanomas and other malignant epithelial tumors, leukemia, and malignant gonadal germ cell tumors. <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence rates and cancer type distribution in children and adolescents vary considerably by sex and age group in China. Targeted prevention and control strategies for childhood and adolescent cancer malignant tumors should be developed accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"502-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy and safety of SOX regimen combined with Pembrolizumab in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer].","authors":"W Zhao, J Yan, Y Luo, Q H Fu, Y P Guo, X J Zhang, Y Chen, Y Yang, X Y Tang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250608-00264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250608-00264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical efficacy, toxicity and prognosis of SOX regimen (Oxaliplatin plus S-1) combined with Pabolizumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. <b>Methods:</b> The clinical data of 107 patients with advanced metastatic gastric cancer admitted to Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2020 to May 2024 were retrospectively collected. According to the treatment methods, the patients in the chemotherapy group (<i>n</i>=56) only received SOX chemotherapy, and the patients in the combined group (<i>n</i>=51) were given SOX chemotherapy combined with Pembrolizumab. The differences of objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicity and quality of life improvement rate between the two groups were analyzed and compared. <b>Results:</b> According to the efficacy evaluation criteria of RECIST1.1, among all subjects, there were 1 case of complete response (CR) and 21 cases of partial response (PR) in chemotherapy group, 2 cases of CR and 31 cases of PR in combination group. The objective response rate (CR+PR%) in combination group was significantly higher than that in chemotherapy group (64.7% vs 39.3%, <i>P</i>=0.015). Stratified analysis showed that in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1, the ORR of the combination group further increased to 75.9% (22/29), with a more significant advantage than the ORR of 38.9% (14/36) in the chemotherapy group (<i>P</i>=0.004). Survival analysis showed that among all enrolled patients, median PFS and median OS in combination group were 9.3 months and 17.4 months respectively, which were significantly longer than 8.4 and 13.1 months in chemotherapy group (PFS: <i>P</i>=0.020; OS: <i>P</i>=0.011). In addition, among patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥1, the median PFS and OS of the combination group showed a more significant advantage in prolonging compared to the chemotherapy group (median PFS: 10.7 months vs 8.2 months, <i>P</i>=0.003; median OS: 19.0 months vs 12.8 months, <i>P</i>=0.005). Among all enrolled patients, 14 cases showed improvement in quality of life in the chemotherapy group and 23 cases in the combination group, and the improvement rate of quality of life in combination group was significantly higher than that in chemotherapy group (45.1% vs 25.0%, <i>P</i>=0.029). There was no statistical difference in the incidence [67.9% (38/56) in chemotherapy group vs 78.4% (40/51) in combination group] of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicity between the two groups (<i>P=</i>0.219). <b>Conclusion:</b> In patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥1 or all enrolled patients, compared with chemotherapy alone, SOX regimen combined with pembrolizumab in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer can significantly improve ORR, prolong PFS and OS, improve prognosis and quality of life, while the toxicity has not increased significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"544-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-invasive and high-precision identification of gastric precancerous lesions based on SERS and machine learning].","authors":"L M Li, Q S Zhu, Z Wu, X Xu, L Fu, Z G Wang, H Y Song, W Wei","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250505-00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250505-00199","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To construct a non-invasive detection platform based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning, achieving high-precision recognition of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. &lt;b&gt;Method:&lt;/b&gt; Serum samples were collected from 213 subjects at Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from July 6, 2023 to January 1, 2025, including 51 healthy controls and 162 gastric lesion patients (48 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [HGIN], 60 cases of early gastric cancer, and 54 cases of advanced gastric cancer). Au Octahedral Nanoparticles (Au OCNPs) substrates was synthesized by seed mediated method, and its morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum samples were dropped onto the Au OCNPs array, and SERS spectra were acquired using a confocal micro-Raman spectrometer (excitation wavelength 785 nm, laser power 5 mW, exposure time 10 s). All original spectral data were preprocessed using Origin 2019 software, including spectral band selection, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, airPLS baseline correction, and Min-Max normalization. A principal component analysis-diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA-DQDA) model was constructed in MATLAB R2023a to evaluate the classification performance for healthy subjects and gastric lesion patients at different stages, and the model's accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were validated by five-fold cross-validation. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The Au OCNPs arrays showed uniform morphology, sharp edges, a lattice spacing of 0.226 nm, and a characteristic absorption peak at 534 nm, with significant SERS enhancement and good reproducibility. The characteristic peak differences in SERS spectra between healthy subjects and gastric lesion patients were mainly concentrated at 625, 728, 1 006, 1 326, 1 446, and 1 584 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, indicating significant differences in the vibrational modes of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids in serum during the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. For the binary classification of healthy subjects and all gastric lesion patients, the PCA-DQDA model achieved an overall accuracy of 97.2% (207/213). For the multi-class classification of healthy subjects and gastric lesion patients at different stages, the model achieved an overall accuracy of 93.4% (199/213), and an AUC of 0.872. Misclassifications occurred between adjacent subgroups with similar biological characteristics: among 51 healthy subjects, 4 were misclassified as HGIN, with a classification accuracy of 92.2% (47/51); among 48 HGIN samples, 1 was misclassified as healthy and 2 as early gastric cancer, with a classification accuracy of 93.6% (45/48). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The serum SERS detection platform based on Au OCNPs arrays and the PCA-DQDA model exhibits advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and molecular specificity in identifying gastric precancerous ","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"536-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 36 000 IU vs. 40 000 IU recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of cancer-related anemia: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial].","authors":"Y F Jia, J Xia, X M Liu, Z H Li, L Man, C Y Zhou, X J Cui, M B Chen, Y B Wang, S Wang, T Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250619-00280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20250619-00280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the efficacy and safety of 36 000 IU recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the treatment of cancer-related anemia (CRA) and to evaluate whether 36 000 IU rhEPO can serve as a rational \"reduced-dose alternative\" to the 40 000 IU rhEPO regimen. <b>Methods:</b> The multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2023 to July 2024 across 12 hospitals in China, including Liaoning Cancer Hospital. A total of 119 patients with CRA were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive the 36 000 IU rhEPO (<i>n</i>=61) or 40 000 IU rhEPO (<i>n</i>=58). The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in hemoglobin (Hb) levels from baseline at weeks 9-13. Secondary efficacy endpoints included hematologic and other biochemical parameters, transfusion requirements, quality of life (QOL), which was assessed by QOL scores and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores, and overall survival. Safety was evaluated by the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). <b>Results:</b> The least-squares mean changes in Hb from baseline to weeks 9-13 were (12.9±2.3) g/L in the 36 000 IU group and (13.4±2.4) g/L in the 40 000 IU group. Analysis of covariance showed no statistically significant difference between groups (<i>F</i>=-0.21, <i>P</i>=0.836), with a between-group difference of (-0.5±2.5) g/L (95% <i>CI</i>: -5.4 g/L, 4.4 g/L). The lower limit of the 95% <i>CI</i> (-5.4 g/L) exceeded the predefined non-inferiority margin of -10 g/L, indicating non-inferiority of the 36 000 IU dose compared to the 40 000 IU. At week 13, the proportions of patients with Hb increase ≥10 g/L were 82.0% (50/61) in the 36 000 IU group and 86.2% (50/58) in the 40 000 IU group, with no significant difference between groups (<i>Q</i>_mh=0.40, <i>P</i>=0.527). The average weekly transfusion rate was 2.0% in both groups. No significantly significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of changes in hematocrit, reticulocyte percentage, folate, vitamin B₁₂, albumin, iron metabolism markers, QOL scores, KPS scores, or overall survival (all <i>P</i>＞0.05). Regarding safety, the incidence of TEAE was 80.3% (49/61) in the 36 000 IU group and 84.5% (49/58) in the 40 000 IU group, with nausea, fever, and fatigue being the most common symptoms (incidence＞5%). No drug-related serious adverse events were reported, and there were no significant differences between the groups (<i>P</i>＞0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The 36 000 IU dose of rhEPO is non-inferior to the 40 000 IU dose in terms of efficacy and has a favorable safety profile for the treatment of CRA. These findings support the use of 36 000 IU rhEPO as a reasonable clinical option for managing CRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":39868,"journal":{"name":"中华肿瘤杂志","volume":"48 4","pages":"525-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}