International Tinnitus Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathophysiology of Tinnitus: A Literature Review.","authors":"Imam Megantara,&nbsp;Gisela Liani Wikargana,&nbsp;Yussy Afriani Dewi,&nbsp;Agung Dinasti Permana,&nbsp;Nova Sylviana","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20220005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20220005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For years, tinnitus has become a prevalent symptom in the ENT department. However, the mechanism underlying tinnitus remains unclear. There is increasing evidence that tinnitus is related to an abnormal central gain in the central auditory system and increased neuroinflammatory mediators. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that gut dysbiosis plays a crucial role in brain function, and gut dysbiosis contributes to several neurological diseases. Hence, giving insight into its possible involvement in tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated the potential role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the path mechanism of tinnitus, mainly through its effect on neurotransmitter production and neuroinflammation induction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a literature review approach, inclusive only of experimental studies in the recent five years discussing gut dysbiosis, neurotransmitter, neuroinflammation, and tinnitus signaling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 22 relevant literature, we found that gut dysbiosis impacts neurotransmitter production such as GABA and 5-HT and contributes to the neuroinflammatory process by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated microglia. These altered neurotransmitter profiles and triggered pro-inflammatory mediators were also found in tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gut microbiota dysbiosis is likely to underlie tinnitus's pathomechanism by altering neurotransmitter production and activating the neuroinflammatory response in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"27-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40622598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Post-lingually Deaf Patients.","authors":"M Saeedi,&nbsp;S Amirsalari,&nbsp;S Dadgar,&nbsp;M H Khosravi","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.2020005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cochlear implantation has been mentioned as the most effective therapeutic intervention in deaf patients and especially those with post-lingual deafness. We aimed to assess hearing improvement of post-lingually deaf patients after cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>in this cross-sectional study all the post-lingually deaf patients who had undergone cochlear implantation (CI) surgery between December 2010 and February 2016 were assessed. Patients were recalled and after explaining the study process and signing an informed consent form, an audiometry was done by a single audiologist. In addition, demographic information, cause of hearing loss, age of onset, history of hearing aid use and surgical complications were recorded in a pre-designed checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine male and 21 female with a mean age of 22.52±19.45 years underwent analysis. Most of patients (80%) had progressed condition since childhood. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) was the most prevalent (10%) known etiology of deafness followed by meningitis (6%), Trauma (2%) and ototoxic drugs (2%) in the remaining 20% of the patients. Patients had the highest mean (37.1±12.61 dB) in 4000 Hz frequency and the lowest mean of hearing threshold level (32.6±8.37 dB) was for 1000 Hz frequency. Mean hearing threshold level was significantly lower in patients with lower ages of cochlear implantation (p=0.435). Patients with higher ages of deafness onset showed lower degree of hearing improvement (p=0.462).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study suggest that cochlear implantation significantly improves hearing function of post-lingual patients and can be considered as a certain cure for these patients in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38946774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sudarsankriya yoga practices on P300 amplitude and latency.","authors":"Ashwini Pr Gholam,&nbsp;Rajesh Ranjan,&nbsp;Jayashree S Bhat","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.2021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.2021001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cognitive ability which was perceived as a constant trait, is now understood to be upgraded by adaptive and extended training. Yoga practices are known to sharpen the intellect and enhance concentration. In the initial period of practicing yoga as an alternative/supporting tool to medical line of treatment, it is essential to investigate effect of yoga on cognitive ability using objective method, in order to establish evidences. Hence, aim of this study was to explore the effect of regular practice of sudarsankriya yoga on auditory event related potential (P300) by recording and comparing peak latency and amplitude. The participants were divided into three groups with Group I and Group II participants practicing sudarsankriya yoga for more than 36 months and less than 36 months respectively. Group III were non-practitioners with no prior practice of any form of yoga. Twenty participants in each group with a total of 60 participants between 40 to 65 years of age were recruited for the study. Results revealed a significant difference for mean latency and amplitude between three groups. Findings of the current study suggest that sudarsankriya yoga practices slows down the process of aging effect or maintains on cognitive ability in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38946770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ear and Face Mucormycosis; A Case Report.","authors":"M H Khosravi,&nbsp;K Zahra,&nbsp;M A Hosseini,&nbsp;S Dadgar,&nbsp;D Ziya,&nbsp;M Saeedi","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.2021002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.2021002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection belonging to order of Mucorales which causes a high rate of mortality. This infection is mostly common in the immunosuppression conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy, organ transplantation and hematologic malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38946771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Tinnitus Handicap And Stress Across Age Groups in Normal Hearing.","authors":"Anuradh Sharma,&nbsp;Nilanshu Sood,&nbsp;Sanjay Munjal,&nbsp;Naresh Panda","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.2020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.2020004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This research was conducted to investigate the severity of tinnitus, its impact on subject's daily, personal and emotional life, which varies widely across the age groups.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sample population of 60 unilateral tinnitus subjects with normal hearing between the age ranges of 15-55years were divided into four age groups. Tinnitus severity was measured using tinnitus severity index, impact of tinnitus on daily life was documented through tinnitus handicap inventory and the stress levels through perceived stress scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high frequency tinnitus was observed in age group of 56-65years, in contrast to noise like tinnitus in subjects aged 15-25years. The tinnitus was found to be most handicapping (38-56; moderate handicap) in Group 4(56-65years), the perceived stress levels were also falling in very high range (21 and over). Tinnitus severity index did not show any significant difference between the Group 1:15-25yrs, Group 2: 26-40yrs, Group 3:41-55yrs, and however group 4(56-65 yrs) did report with mild severity. The outcomes of present study demonstrated that elderly subjects certainly require modifications in the test protocols and referrals to address to their significant responses to tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38946773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For The Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus: A Preliminary Study of The Influence of Traumatic Brain Injury on Treatment Response.","authors":"Garret A Horton,&nbsp;Omar Ibrahim,&nbsp;Marcus Jansen,&nbsp;Jessica Trier,&nbsp;Roumen Milev,&nbsp;Jason A Beyea","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20210011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20210011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to test whether the efficacy of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) differs between patients who developed tinnitus following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and those without a history of TBI. This was a parallel pilot, open-label, non-randomized, clinical trial to compare the efficacy of low frequency rTMS on tinnitus symptoms in patients with and without a TBI history. Patients with moderate to severe tinnitus symptoms based on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were enrolled in the study. Validated questionnaires (THI and TFI) were used to quantify the severity of tinnitus symptoms and hearing impairment (Hearing Handicap Index - HHI) before and after ten sessions of rTMS of the left primary auditory cortex. Hearing threshold levels as well as speech reception and speech discrimination thresholds were also compared. The number of patients who experienced a reduction in their subjective tinnitus symptoms was greater and sustained longer in patients without a history of TBI. The same was seen with subjective symptoms of hearing impairment. In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest tinnitus patients without a history of TBI respond better to low frequency rTMS than those with a history of TBI, suggesting that treatments could be more effective if tailored to tinnitus etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39327295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tinnitus, Use and Evaluation of Sound Therapy, Current Evidence and Area of Future Tinnitus Research.","authors":"Adaobi E Osuji","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20210014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20210014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tinnitus is one of the otologic symptoms seen in persons with ear pathologies. It is defined as an acoustic sensation in the ear without a corresponding external acoustic stimulus. Tinnitus is said to be generated from the higher auditory centres because of reduced feedback from the peripheral or neural component but can be an outcome of irritation at different levels of the auditory system. Several treatment modalities have been tried in the management of tinnitus, either as a single treatment or as part of combination therapy. They range from lifestyle or dietary modification, medications, surgery, to Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), use of sound generating devices, hearing aids and cochlear implants. Current literature has shown that the prevalence of tinnitus is highly variable and reflects the difference in symptom criteria and patient selection for the various treatment modalities. This variability is also visible in the outcomes of cases where the various treatment modalities have been used. In the presence of an augmented hearing, the brain can focus on the meaningful sound generated externally while suppressing or even aborting the tinnitus. Future tinnitus research needs to apply the highest level of randomization and blinding, in line with the high subjectivity of tinnitus and the possibility of a response with control. The natural sequence of tinnitus is characterized by the conditioning or habituation and possible gradual attenuation of symptom, this implies that there is a limit to which the benefits observed was due to our intervention rather than a natural process of this symptom.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39325256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology and Pathophysiology of Tinnitus - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sujoy Kumar Makar","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20210015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20210015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prevalence of tinnitus range from 7.1% to 14.6% (National Center for Health Statistics, 2016), but the mechanisms responsible for the development of this abnormal sensory state remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the evidence for different etiologies and pathophysiology of tinnitus identified by clinical diagnostic tests in the adult population.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic literature review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Review of data base using PRISMA guidelines: Google Scholar, Medline, Springer Link, Pubmed. In addition, manual reference search of identified papers. Randomized controlled trials, case control study, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective reviews of consecutive patients in which clear data were reported with respect to etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The papers searched recent studies from 2004 to 2018 for different etiologies such as noise exposure, age, ototoxic drugs, hearing loss among patients with tinnitus. Multiple pathophysiology were identified, including inner ear pathology, auditory nerve synchronisation, central nervous system anomalies and limbic and autonomous nervous system problems. The group of papers evaluated tinnitus patients with specific diagnostic tests such as pure tone audiometry, Immitance audiometry, otoacoustic emission, Auditory brainstem response and diagnostic imaging of fMRI, MRI and PET study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate a high level of heterogeneity between the studies for all the assessed areas. These results support the need for greater stratification of the tinnitus population and the importance of a standardized Puretone audiometry with extended high frequency, OAE, ABR and diagnostic imaging (fMRI, MRI & PET) method to make comparisons between studies possible. Diagnostic imaging is an important useful method for identification of intracranial pathology that can present with tinnitus as a primary symptom. Establishment of a direct causal link between tinnitus and these etiologies and pathophysiology remains elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39325257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing and Tinnitus Evaluation in Music Teachers.","authors":"Selim Unsal,&nbsp;Fatih Bal","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20210017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20210017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Music is an aesthetic whole consisting of sounds combined according to a certain purpose, method and understanding. Therefore, it also interacts with emotions in listeners. Music sounds are in the range of approximately 20-8000 Hz. This frequency range is within the frequency spectrum of the human cochlea. The aim of this research is to evaluate the hearing thresholds of music teachers and to determine whether they cause tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This research was conducted in Turgut Özal University Medical Faculty Hospital Audiology and Speech Disorders clinic. A total of 35 people (17 music teachers, 18 control groups) participated in the research. In this research, 17 music teachers (11 females, 6 males) aged 24-39, and 18 volunteers (12 females, 6 males) participated in the control group. After the otoscopic examination of all participants, pure tone audiometry (in the range of 125-16,000 Hz), immitansmetric examination and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) tests were performed. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was used in the evaluation of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference between the music teachers and the control group in all pure tone hearing threshold averages of 125-16,000 Hz (p>0.05). The Uncomfortable Level (UCL) average of music teachers was 104.12 ± 3.83 dB for the right ear, 108.33 ± 3.83 dB for the control group, 107.78 ± 4.28 dB for the left ear, and 103.53 ± 4.28 for the control group. DPOAE results were found statistically significant at 3000 Hz only for the right and left ears (p=0.036; p=0.015, respectively). Also, for DPOAE test, the control group's OAE values were higher than the music teachers. According to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in music teachers, 1st degree tinnitus has emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the findings obtained, the low UCL value in music teachers compared to the control group suggests the tolerance problem. Continuous exposure to the sound was thought to create a noise effect on the cochlea, and as a result, tinnitus susceptibility appeared in music teaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39325259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Pain Harder To Withstand Than Tinnitus?","authors":"Henk M Koning,&nbsp;Bas C Ter Meulen","doi":"10.5935/0946-5448.20210010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20210010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The object of the study was to compare the perception of tinnitus with the perception of pain and to find specific factors that could influence the perception of both pain and tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 124 patients with tinnitus as main complaint and 300 patients with cervical pain as main complaint who visited our clinic in a two-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study indicates that it is harder to withstand cervical pain than tinnitus with a higher prevalence of fatigue and impaired work performance in cervical pain patients. Our analyses highlight the importance of fatigue as a potential mediator of the deleterious effects of pain and tinnitus on individual functioning. Female gender and the presence of cervical pain makes patients more accessible for fatigue. Tolerance against tinnitus depends on the perceived maximal intensity of tinnitus, but also of the presence of cervical pain. Cervical pain may reinforce the irritating awareness of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tinnitus and chronic pain are related to structural and functional brain changes that show a striking overlap between both conditions. The tolerance, the ability to withstand the \"unpleasantness\" of the percept, for tinnitus and pain depends on the perceived intensity of the sensation. However, the perceived intensity of pain provoked annoyance earlier compared to the perceived intensity of tinnitus. Cervical pain may reinforce and maintain the negative awareness of tinnitus. For a better withstanding of tinnitus, we advise to reduce the perceived maximal intensity of tinnitus and to treat cervical pain and fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":39842,"journal":{"name":"International Tinnitus Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39327294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}