Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics最新文献_第10页

Wind Direction Effect on Sea Surface Emissivity. 风向对海面发射率的影响。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.115

K. Masuda

引用次数: 2

Effect of rainfall on dacitic lava dome collapse at Unzen volcano, Japan. 降雨对日本云仙火山英安质熔岩穹丘崩塌的影响。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.73

H. Yamasato, S. Kitagawa, M. Komiya

引用次数: 29

Green functions of the earth at borehole sensor installation depths for surface point load. 地表点荷载在钻孔传感器安装深度处的格林函数。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.89

O. Kamigaichi

引用次数: 10

Numerical Estimation of Error Variance in Horizontal Divergence for the Adjustment of Vertical Winds Derived from Conical-Scan-Based Dual-Doppler Radar Data based on the "Floating Boundary Condition" Concept. 基于“浮动边界条件”概念的锥形扫描双多普勒雷达平差水平散度误差方差数值估计

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-12-26 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.49

芳則山田

{"title":"Numerical Estimation of Error Variance in Horizontal Divergence for the Adjustment of Vertical Winds Derived from Conical-Scan-Based Dual-Doppler Radar Data based on the \"Floating Boundary Condition\" Concept.","authors":"芳則山田","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.49","url":null,"abstract":"Error variance in a horizontal divergence field due to random error in raw radial velocity data was numerically estimated in order to apply the“floating boundary condition”concept developed by Chong and Testud（1983）to the adjustment of vertical wind fields derived from conica1−scan− based dual−Doppler radar observation．A filter for interpolating raw radial velocity data onto common grids consisted of a combination of distance−weighted spatial averaging and a Cressman weighting function．Two cases，一shallow and deep一，were considered with error variance and gain estimated for both，using three influence volumes of sphere and oblate spheroids．Results without vertical shear showed for the two cases that the filter retrieved original wind fields well regardless of the shapes of influence volume considered，and that the distortion of wind fields through filtering was negligible for the horizontal scale of meteorological interests to be observed by dual−Doppler Irad ar synthesis．For such a scale，the error variance was considered constant，and was almost equal to that in noise only，in which random noise alone accountedfor simulatedDopplervelocities。Based on results for noise only，a simple way to estimate error variance in horizontal divergence in terms of rms of random error in raw radial velocity data was presented for different baseline lengths， These estimates may be used for most vertical wind adjustment by floating boundary condition because the presence of vertical shear would not considerably alter estimates．","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"48 1","pages":"49-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Approximations of phase function in calculating the spectral albedo of snow surface with multiple scattering. 多次散射下雪面光谱反照率计算中的相函数近似。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.141

T. Aoki, T. Aoki, M. Fukabori

{"title":"Approximations of phase function in calculating the spectral albedo of snow surface with multiple scattering.","authors":"T. Aoki, T. Aoki, M. Fukabori","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.141","url":null,"abstract":"Four types of approximations of the Mie phase function were studied in calculating multiple scattering by snow particles with the doubling method. These involve the two renormalizations of Hansen and Grant, the delta-M method and direct truncation. These four approximations were compared for snow surface albedo with effective grain radii of 50, 200 and 1000μm in a wavelength region from 0.3 to 3.0μm with the delta-Eddington approximation as a reference. In the Hansen's renormalization, the maximum albedo error exceeds 0.1 for snow with an effective radius of 1000μm at small solar zenith angles. The delta-M method overestimates snow albedos at all solar zenith angles in a wavelength region smaller than 1.4μm for snow with effective radius of 1000μm. This is due to insufficient angle resolution (0.1° in a scattering angle region less than 2°) in the forward peak region of the look-up table of the Mie phase function. It has been shown that even with ten times higher resolution in the scattering angle region less than 10° a sufficient accuracy could not be obtained for an effective radius of 1000μm in a wavelength region smaller than 0.6μm. Reasonable results were obtained by the Grant's renormalization and direct truncation approximation for all cases of effective grain radii studied. It was also found that these methods save computation time and memory because sufficient accuracy is obtained even with a low angle resolution of 0.1° in the forward peak region of phase function. In direct truncation, the result was not sensitive to the choice of a truncation angle between 5° and 20°.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"141-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A tentative study on determination of earthquake magnitude at Unzen volcano. 云岑火山地震震级测定的初步研究。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.25

T. Hashimoto, H. Yamasato, K. Uhira, M. Seino

引用次数: 2

Stress Changes Caused by Strike-Slip Faulting and Secondary Faulting Induction in Conjugate Directions. 共轭方向上走滑断层和次级断层感应引起的应力变化。

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.41

T. Odaka, T. Tsukakoshi, H. Takayama

引用次数: 0

A biosphere-atmosphere interaction model (BAIM) and its primary verifications using grassland data 基于草地数据的生物圈-大气相互作用模型及其初步验证

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.115

和雄馬淵, 康雄佐藤, 秀次木田, 信子三枝, 武久及川

{"title":"A biosphere-atmosphere interaction model (BAIM) and its primary verifications using grassland data","authors":"和雄馬淵, 康雄佐藤, 秀次木田, 信子三枝, 武久及川","doi":"10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.115","url":null,"abstract":"A Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Model (BAIM) for use within physical climate models was developed. BAIM has two vegetation layers and three soil layers, and predicts the temperature of each layer and moisture stored for each layer. In the presence of snow on the ground, the snow layer is divided into a maximum of three layers, and the temperature and the amount of snow and water stored in each layer are predicted. BAIM can estimate not only the energy fluxes but also the carbon dioxide flux between the land surface ecosystem and the atmosphere. The photosynthesis processes for C3 plants and C4 plants are adopted in the model. BAIM can also predict the accumulation and melting of snow on the ground, and the freezing and melting of water in the soil. Primary off-line verifications of BAIM in a snowless condition were made using point micrometeorological data observed at grassland. In general, fluxes simulated by the model agreed well with those observed. In particular, clear differences between results using the parameters for C3 plants and those using the parameters for C4 plants appeared in the net carbon dioxide fluxes. Sensitivity tests were conducted for the model to study the influence of variations in the values of parameters related to the property of vegetation. By changing the values of the parameters by ±50%, the maximum variations in the time-averaged fluxes were obtained. The values for net radiation flux, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and soil heat flux were about ±15W m-2, ±8W m-2, ±9W m-2, and ±1W m-2, respectively. The maximum variations in the time-averaged value of net carbon dioxide flux were about±5μmol m-2 s-1 for C3 parameters and±7μmol m-2 s-1 for C4 parameters. These maximum variation values are comparable to observation errors.","PeriodicalId":39821,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"115-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69023452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

A Weakly Nonlinear Correction for the Linear Mountain Drag Formula 线性山地阻力公式的弱非线性修正

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.48.67

H. Kanehisa

引用次数: 0

プリンストン・オーシャン・モデルを使った, 瀬戸内海の潮汐の数値シミュレーション使用普林斯顿海洋模型对濑户内海潮汐进行数值模拟

Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics Pub Date : 1996-11-30 DOI: 10.2467/MRIPAPERS.47.103

信也湊

引用次数: 4