Oncobiology and Targets最新文献

{"title":"An update on light-based technologies and fluorescent imaging in oral cancer detection","authors":"P. Gupta","doi":"10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.511587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.511587","url":null,"abstract":"Oral cancer is a potentially fatal disease that constitutes an important portion of tumors of head and neck region. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Regardless of the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible to the accumulation of carcinogens, most oral cancers are typically detected at an advanced stage leading to lower survival rate among subjects. Therefore, early detection of the oral cancer and its precursor lesions may be the most effective means to improve prognosis and treatment in most patients. One of the emerging technologies is the use of optical methods to capture the molecular changes at high-resolution to improve the detection capability of early stage disease. Optical diagnosis techniques when compared with traditional approaches such as vital staining, biopsy has many advantages such as objectivity, speed, and cost. Moreover, these incorporate particularly noninvasive methods of oral cancer detection. The present article highlights various optical methods and their role in oral cancer detection.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123834987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aloe vera in the management of oral submucous fibrosis","authors":"V. Shanbhag","doi":"10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.454505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.454505","url":null,"abstract":"Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant chronic inflammatory condition with an insidious course.[1] Oral submucous fibrosis is defined as “an insidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, although occasionally preceded by and/or associated with vesicle formation, it is always associated with juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction followed by fibroelastic changes in the lamina propria, with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa causing trismus and difficulty in eating”.[2] It commonly occurs in South East Asian population.[3] Oral submucous fibrosis has the tendency to transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma.[3] The malignant transformation rate is estimated to be approximately 7-13%.[1] Chewing areca nut in the form of betel quid and commercially available products, such as gutka, is chiefly implicated as the aetiology for the development of OSMF.[4] Gutka is a mixture of tobacco, areca nut and molasses.[5] Some common brand names of gutka are Manikchand, Moolchand, Tulsi, Shimla, Sikandar, Parag, Sir, Shikhar, Goa and Sikandar.[6] The constituents of betel quid are betel quid leaf (Piper betel), areca nut (Areca catechu), slaked lime [Ca(OH)2] and catechu (Acacia catechu).[6] Clinical presentation of the lesion include hypersalivation or dryness of mouth (25% of patients), burning sensation, vesiculation, ulceration, blanching and stiffening of oral mucosa, presence of fibrous bands in the lips, buccal mucosa and soft palate, progressive decrease in mouth opening, restriction in tongue movement and difficulty in swallowing.[3,4,7] Patients with OSMF exhibit decreased antioxidant and increased free radicals in their blood.[8] Apart from habit and diet counselling, some of the medical interventions used in the management of OSMF include nutritional supplements such as vitamin B complex, antioxidants like lycopene and curcumin, placental extract, spirulina, hyaluronidase, collagenase, dexamethasone, levamisole and pentoxifylline.[9] However, OSMF has remained resistant to most of the currently used medical and chemopreventive therapies.[9]","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133950431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-based headways: An innovation in oral cancer espial","authors":"M. Gill, Simarpreet Singh, Anmol Mathur, N. Gupta, D. Makkar, V. Aggarwal","doi":"10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.352610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.352610","url":null,"abstract":"Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, mainly because of the widespread consumption of tobacco and related products. Early detection is very important in the management of oral cancer. However, when the lesion is detected in the oral cavity, it is at a much advanced stage for effective management, resulting in morbidity and mortality. A majority of deaths related to cancer are due in part to late diagnosis. In order to improve the clinical outcome of oral cancer, early detection is very important. One of the emerging technologies in the early detection of oral cancer is the use of noninvasive in vivo tissue imaging that captures the molecular changes at high resolution to improve the detection capability of oral cancer at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lectins-the promising cancer therapeutics","authors":"V. Lavanya, A. A. Mohamed Adil, Neesar Ahmed, Shazia Jamal","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.145348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.145348","url":null,"abstract":"Lectins are proteins with known carbohydrate specificity, which possess the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes. They have been found to be involved in diverse biological processes, in various species and are easily purified by using the appropriate affinity ligand, depending on their sugar-binding specificity. Lectins are the focus of intense research as they are purified from natural sources and have a wide range of applications in clinical, research and diagnostic fields. In this review, we present a brief outline of various lectins that have been demonstrated to possess remarkable anti-tumor properties.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124291174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NSC-631570 alkaloid mixture modulates the human equlibrative transporter nucleoside 1 and deoxycytidine kinase gene expressions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell cultures","authors":"N. Funel, L. Pollina, U. Boggi, D. Campani","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.145391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.145391","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is treated by palliative chemotherapy for advanced disease. Gemcitabine is the standard drug in both adjuvant and palliative treatment, but yields a marginal impact on disease outcome. Several attempts to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine by addition of a second cytotoxic or targeted agent have not shown a significant survival advantage. NSC-631570, showed greater median survival in combination with gemcitabine compared to gemcitabine alone in the palliative treatment of unresectable PDAC. However, the authors did not study the interactions between alkaloids and molecular determinant expressions involved in the metabolism of gemcitabine. Therefore, the aim of present study was to evaluate the modulation of the expression of two pivotal genes (hENT1 and dCK) involved in gemcitabine activity. In vitro studies on cell lines and primary cell Cultures from PDAC patients were treated with NSC-631570 at IC50 concentration for 48h. the quantitation of gene expression was performed using the standard curve method and the ΔΔCT calculation. Alkaloids mixture positively modulates the expression of hENT1 mRNA in all PDAC cell cultures. The 2 (-ΔΔCt) analyses revealed a mean increase of 2.8 fold with respect to untreated control cells. In two cell lines cells alkaloids positively affects mRNA expression of dCK gene as well. Based on the previous clinical data the Alkaloids-gemcitabine combination appears a promising regimen and the results of the present study provide the experimental basis for the further clinical testing of the NSC-631570-gemcitabine schedule in PDAC patients.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114946572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editor: Launching \"Oncobiology and Targets\"","authors":"A. Azmi","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.145339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.145339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117036027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer immunotherapy: Targeting immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment","authors":"A. A. Mohamed Adil, V. Lavanya, Shazia Jamal, Neesar Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.145382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.145382","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor microenvironment is an evolving source for targeting drug advancement for cancer. The tumor atmosphere is created and regulated by tumor and governed by tumor induced interactions and its association in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Vigorous growth of tumor requires an existence of a local vascular grid, with this dynamic growth of tumor, an environment is created where different factors influences in immune editing and immune surveillance and inflammation also play a vivacious role. Tumor progression requires a housing interaction and reciprocal feedback between extracellular matrix (ECM), host cells and cancer cells. This microenvironment consists of blood cells, fibroblast, immune cells, ECM and other cells. The dynamic combination of different cells and alternative factors induces the survival of tumor. Cellular variant generation are highly equivocal, genetically instable and highly unordered. Recent studies have helped to improve our understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment and its pathways associated with signaling, inflammation and other allied factors in various cancer. Tumor blood vessels, ECM significantly help in disease progression and on the other hand different infiltrating immune cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and angiogenic endothelial cells help tumor in nourishing that promote cell proliferation, dodge growth suppressors, activate invasion and motivate metastasis and reprogram energy metabolism. Host cells of the tumor microenvironment comprise of inflammatory cells including myeloid cells, tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor-associated macrophages. When activated they release mixture of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, inflammatory mediators and cytokines. These factors are proxies in tumor progression. While tumor environment remains a potential candidate for drug development, it is important to decode the immunosuppressive cells and understand the molecular mechanism of each pathway underlying to strengthen the efficacy of cancer therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125317459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tumor microenvironment as a target for anticancer treatment","authors":"M. Bizzarri, A. Cucina, S. Proietti","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.145341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.145341","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is generally considered as a (pathological) microcosm emerging from a deregulated genome occurring in a single cell. Yet, this paradigm has encompassed several shortfalls, and it is now increasingly recognized that the overall framework is very much complex as previously thought. Indeed, the cell-stroma interaction plays a pivotal role in both cancer onset and prevention, by providing a set of biophysical and biochemical cues, which drive cell towards neoplastic transformation, eventually leading to metastasis. However, experimental and clinical evidences suggest that cancers can be induced to become quiescent, differentiate, die or form completely normal tissues, if provided with the correct set of complex signals, as conveyed by embryonic tissues or other microenvironmental cues. These data suggest that by manipulating cancer microenvironment may help in opening new avenues for therapeutic solutions.","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116544434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tanshinones in management of oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"V. Shanbhag","doi":"10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.456966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18639/ONBT.2017.04.456966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133412899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livin expression by semi-quantitative immunofluorescent staining in Hodgkin lymphoma: A promising marker or a leading role in pathogenesis?","authors":"A. Ziaei, A. Tanhaei, Ahmad Reza Salehi Chaleshtori, Safoura Mazrouei, Mona Kharaji, Kianoosh Keyhanian, Mansoor Salehi","doi":"10.4103/2395-4469.177565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-4469.177565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398014,"journal":{"name":"Oncobiology and Targets","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123187698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}