{"title":"Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistic Approaches","authors":"V. Regan","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncommonly Studied Language Pairs","authors":"A. Long","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131010176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Networks","authors":"K. K. Terry","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-11","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of developing a methodology for protecting against the unlawful use of graphic information in social networks using steganographic methods that embed and hide digital watermarks in the frequency domain of graphic images in combination with a singular decomposition are considered. Social networks are a powerful tool for interpersonal communication, encompass a huge audience, and have become an integral part of the life of modern society. The problem of misuse of media content is one of the most relevant. Traditional methods do not solve the problem of protection against piracy, because after buying in encrypted form and using an electronic digital signature of the image by some legal or natural person, nothing prevents him from using it for his own selfish purposes. Successfully solved the problems associated with establishing the characteristics of digital watermarks, developing a protection methodology that allows you to uniquely identify the owner of the protected media content, as well as the verification procedure for digital watermarks. Based on the assessment of the measure of the peak ratio of the signal level to the noise level, the analysis of the experimental results in part of the distortions introduced by the method of marking into the reference images is carried out. Information is embedded in the low-frequency region of the wavelet spectrum. The substantiation of the effectiveness of the proposed method for marking images is given. The proposed technique allows sharing with modern image processing methods, including compression methods and based on a discrete wavelet transform.","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127116972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usage-Based SLA","authors":"S. Eskildsen","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127219756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conversation Analysis and Membership Categorization Analysis","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, M. Nguyen","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123660189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring Individual Differences","authors":"Sara Zahler","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123295073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eliciting Variable Structures Across Tasks","authors":"Aarnes Gudmestad","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115403775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variationist Methods of Analysis","authors":"Katherine Rehner, R. Mougeon","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125134428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Acquisition of English L2 Sociolinguistic Variation","authors":"J. H. Edwards","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127226831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language-Specific Research on Second Language Sociolinguistics in Spanish","authors":"Megan Solon, Rebecca Pozzi","doi":"10.4324/9781003017325-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017325-37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397810,"journal":{"name":"The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}