Japan Business History Review最新文献

“Anomalistic” Capital Increases and Shareholders during the Interwar Period: A Case of Meiji Sugar Manufacturing Company 两次世界大战期间的“反常”增资与股东:以明治制糖公司为例

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.5029/bhsj.51.3_27

Nao Saito

引用次数: 0

「地域に拘る企業」の創業理念と経営改革 ―多摩川精機の取組みを事例として― “拘泥于地域的企业”的创业理念与经营改革——以多摩川精机的努力为案例——

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.49.2_28

T. Hirasawa

引用次数: 1

リオ・ティント社の対カナダ投資, 1952-1956年力拓对加拿大投资，1952-1956年

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2007-09-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.42.2_3

歩菅原

引用次数: 0

一九世紀アメリカ、オイル・リージョンにおける油田経営 19世纪美国石油地区的油田经营

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2004-09-24 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.39.2_28

太郎豊田

引用次数: 0

「産構法」に基づく設備処理と共同行為:-石油化学工業のケース- 基于“产构法”的设备处理和共同行为:-石油化学工业的案例-

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2002-12-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.37.3_57

橋本規之

{"title":"「産構法」に基づく設備処理と共同行為:-石油化学工業のケース-","authors":"橋本規之","doi":"10.5029/BHSJ.37.3_57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5029/BHSJ.37.3_57","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to clarify the function and performance of joint action (cartelization) to reduce excess capacity in the Japanese petrochemical industry, which was based on the Temporary Measures Law for the Structural Adjustment of Specific Industries, enacted in 1983.In this paper, we would like to propound a view that the cartel approach can make industrial adjustment smooth by showing the structure of dealing with excess capacity on joint action, and the contribution it makes to promoting productivity. We would also like to consider the conditions for supporting this adjustment style.The main conclusions of this paper are the following four points:First, joint action made it possible to escape from a “prisoner's dilemma” in reducing excess capacity. This led to concentration of production, reduction of depreciation cost, and relative stabilization of prices.Second, this joint action required security: a relaxation of the criteria of facilities disposal, such as a lowering of the accomplishment rate, adoption of a best-share style, and trading of capacity limits.Third, the capacity share basically determined the share of disposal, but in proportion to the rate of operation the burden of disposal was reduced. Economic loss in pro-rata style was avoided to some extent.Fourth, and last, there was a difference in the explanatory factor for the facilities disposal rate between the cartel and the non-cartel group. Similarly, there was a difference in their respective disposal rates. In the cartel group (ethylene, LDPE, HDPE), on the one hand, the rate of operation mainly determined the disposal rate. In the non-cartel (PP, EO, SM), on the other hand, the capacity share was the main determining factor. We confirmed statistically that the disposal rate of the cartel group was higher than that of the non-cartel group.","PeriodicalId":397754,"journal":{"name":"Japan Business History Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116593850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

一九世紀末イギリス中小企業の証券発行と「プライベート・ルート」 19世纪末英国中小企业的证券发行与“私人渠道”

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2002-09-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.37.2_56

大介古賀

引用次数: 0

両大戦間期におけるインペリアル・ケミカル・インダストリーズ社の体系的労務政策の展開と福利厚生の役割帝国化学工业公司在两次世界大战期间的系统性劳务政策的开展和福利待遇的作用

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2002-06-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.37.28

毅平尾

{"title":"両大戦間期におけるインペリアル・ケミカル・インダストリーズ社の体系的労務政策の展開と福利厚生の役割","authors":"毅平尾","doi":"10.5029/BHSJ.37.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5029/BHSJ.37.28","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to identify the features of the interwar labour policy of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. (I.C.I.) by studying the connection between labour policy and welfare programmes.Industrial welfare was important for I.C.I., which possessed about 70 factories and some 40, 000 employees through amalgamation, as a labour strategy to stabilise industrial relations by reducing employment insecurity and fostering worker loyalty.The I.C.I. welfare schemes underwent a conversion from paternalistic benefits based on unitary ideals, such as personal contact between employers and employees, into systematic benefits based on formal rules, such as a joint contributory scheme. This change was made clear by analysing the systematisation of I.C.I. welfare schemes between the early period when Sir Alfred Mond, the first chairman, needed to lay the foundations for the new company and the latter period when Sir Harry McGowan, the second chairman, had to implement business restructuring by laying off and reshuffling surplus workers after the Great Depression.In the latter period, consequently, the square deal of all I.C.I. workers engaged in various trades in each factory indicated mechanistic unification of industrial relations, which was realised by introducing more comprehensive and systematic welfare programmes. In this respect, I.C.I. welfare programmes functioned effectively as a means to consolidate industrial relations.My conclusion includes the important implication that the role of systematic welfare schemes as a centralised labour policy was to facilitate labour turnover between subsidiary factories and to promote or supplement business restructuring with lay-offs and replacement of redundant labour in the early 1930s, by constructing comprehensive welfare programmes as the safety net in situations where the predecessor and conventional administrations of the constituent companies of I.C.I. remained to some extent.","PeriodicalId":397754,"journal":{"name":"Japan Business History Review","volume":"371 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

戦後日本における生命保険会社の相互会社化 : コーポレート・ガバナンス構造の視点から战后日本人寿保险公司的相互公司化:从公司治理结构的视角

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2001-09-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.36.2_27

青地正史

{"title":"戦後日本における生命保険会社の相互会社化 : コーポレート・ガバナンス構造の視点から","authors":"青地正史","doi":"10.5029/BHSJ.36.2_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5029/BHSJ.36.2_27","url":null,"abstract":"In 1947, immediately after World War II, twelve Japanese life insurance companies reorganized themselves from stock concerns into mutual concerns. For example, in 1945 there were sixteen life insurance companies, of which thirteen were stock concerns and only three mutual concerns. Japanese life insurance companies converted their organizational structures into mutual concerns simultaneously after the war.Why did major life insurance companies reorganize themselves into mutual concerns? One reason is the democratic influence of GHQ, which caused the reorganization. It is the purpose of this article to seek a more critical and fundamental reason.The conclusions of this article can be summarized as follows : the corporate governance structure in Japan of the times caused them to reorganize. That is, in the chaos of the Japanese economy, (1) the power of the stockholders became weaker, (2) there was growing anxiety of strong labor movement, and (3) the new managements wanted to strengthen their positions. The life insurance companies tried to adapt themselves to such situations within the corporate governance structure of Japanese companies, and consequently they chose to reorganize as mutual concern. Moreover the Japanese government set a deadline (March, 1948) for reorganization under the Financial Institutions Reconstruction and Reorganization Law. That is why all the companies reorganized simultaneously in 1947.This article finds that the democratic influence of GHQ accelerated the Japanese life insurance companies' decision to reorganize as mutual concerns, and they had already started their reorganization under the new corporate governance structure.","PeriodicalId":397754,"journal":{"name":"Japan Business History Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

キャドベリー社における産業福祉と労務管理 (一八九九-一九一四年) 卡德伯里公司的产业福利与劳务管理(1899 - 1914年)

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2001-06-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.36.60

毅平尾

{"title":"キャドベリー社における産業福祉と労務管理 (一八九九-一九一四年)","authors":"毅平尾","doi":"10.5029/BHSJ.36.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5029/BHSJ.36.60","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of industrial welfare in industrial relations, internal labour markets, and the management thought at Cadbury in early twentieth-century England.Welfare provisions by British employers have been hitherto regarded as an expression of philanthropy or gentlemanship in nineteenth-century England, which despised the mammonism. It has been also said that there was no labour management because of craft regulations in British industries. Industrial welfare, therefore, has been considered the only managerial authority of the employers, who could not manage production processes directly.In this paper, industrial welfare is dealt with as a labour strategy. British employers intended to avoid industrial conflict and increase efficiency of work through the various labour policies, such as overseeing, deskilling, piece-wages, and welfare provisions. In these respects, industrial welfare was useful as one means to modify conflicts in employment relations that could not be solved by the cash nexus and to win the loyalty of employees.The case of Cadbury indicates that industrial welfare contributed to reconstructing industrial relations system in the new managerial structure; that the company provisions, including health care and education of employees, provided a solution to recruitment, training, and promotion problems at the company-level; and that industrial welfare contributed to the humanising of labour. The human factor of labour management was emphasised by the employer, who used industrial welfare as a labour strategy at a time, when Taylorism was discussed in England.Finally, industrial welfare at Cadbury was used as one means of labour management based on the physical and mental control of the employees by the employers, who retained traditional authority under a bureaucratic organisation.","PeriodicalId":397754,"journal":{"name":"Japan Business History Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130175012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

一九六〇～七〇年代における日本IC産業の発展 20世纪60—70年代日本IC产业的发展

Japan Business History Review Pub Date : 2000-12-25 DOI: 10.5029/BHSJ.35.3_27

容度金

{"title":"一九六〇～七〇年代における日本IC産業の発展","authors":"容度金","doi":"10.5029/BHSJ.35.3_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5029/BHSJ.35.3_27","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the growth process in the Japanese IC (Integrated Circuit) industry during the 1960s and 1970s and focuses on the interfirm relations (specifically, the relations between IC firms and NTT) and intrafirm relations in the development process of ICs for usein communication equipment.The Electrical Communication Laboratory (ECL) of NTT and several semiconductor firms, so to speak “DEN-DEN Families” that have supplied NTT with communication equipment continuously, frequently collaborated in the development of advanced ICs, and ECL initiated the development of advanced ICs that use the “admission principle.” In addition, ECL transferred the state-of-the-art technologies of ICs to DEN-DEN Families. Different from the Division of Defense in the United States, which primarily ignored cost issues in the procurement of ICs, NTT perceived the importance of cost-down activities. Moreover, DEN-DEN Families had competed and cooperated with each other for a long time. The interaction between IC engineers and communication equipment engineers within each firm has been important.In comparison to the 1960s, in the 1970s NTT collaborated more actively with member firms and used technology levels appropriate to each. NTT was thereby able to alleviate the strict in testing standards for the ICs. Also, NTT was able to realize low costs more effectively.The rise of the composition of exports in the communication equipment market led to more intensive interaction between IC engineers and communication equipment engineers within Japanese semiconductor firms. Moreover, even in the development of ICs for use in communication equipment, Japanese firms realized the importance of lowering costs.","PeriodicalId":397754,"journal":{"name":"Japan Business History Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116388968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0